to the decision of the president of the Amalgamated Association that the strike was a purely local matter, unauthorized by officials of the national body, and not entitled to their support. Some $50,000 having been contributed to the organization by the local members, the latter naturally were keenly disappointed at this refusal of aid. No attempt has ever been made since to reintroduce trade unions. With the collapse of the strike, a number of former employees found themselves without work. The management of the company seem to have gathered the names of demonstrative strikers and to have refused to reemploy them. "Those members of the Amalgamated that have not made themselves obnoxious are given employment, as others are, after they have renounced the association," is the contemporary account found in the public press.

While some few foreigners may have secured employment as the result of the strike, and of subsequent locking out of employees who had become objectionable to the company, it is not believed that it played any significant part in the introduction of immigrant labor at the steel company's works. The work done by immigrants is mainly rough labor such as Americans seem at present unwilling to perform. There has, therefore, been little or no occasion for friction between old employees and immigrants.

EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

Very few occupations at the steel company offer opportunities for the employment of children. Boys of 16 to 19 are employed as door boys, water boys, etc., but of children under 16 the number employed is practically negligible. In the bricklaying department there is one American office boy under 16; in the mail and telephone department, two Americans, one English, and one German boy; in the merchant mill, two American paint boys; in the open hearth, one American door boy, and one negro water boy; while two American guides are under that age. No women are employed in the steel works.

SEGREGATION AT WORK.

As regards the working relations of the native and immigrant labor, the following table shows, according to race, the number of employees in the steel plant of the community:

TABLE 438.-Number of employees in the steel company plant in Community C, by department, years in the United States, and race.

TABLE 438.-Number of employees in the steel company plant in Community C, by department, years in the United States, and race-Continued.

TABLE 438.-Number of employees in the steel company plant in Community C, by department, years in the United States, and race-Continued.

TABLE 438-Number of employees in the steel company plant in Community C, by department, years in the United States, and race-Continued.

TABLE 438.-Number of employees in the steel company plant in Community C, by department, years in the United States, and race-Continued.

The degree of segregation of the various races while at work is exhibited in the foregoing table. Ten of the larger departments are analyzed according to race, the ten leading races only being considered. Thus it appears that Croatian laborers have secured a foothold and predominate in the blast-furnace, merchant-mill, and openhearth departments; that Italians predominate in the frog and switch department; that Magyars hold first place in the bridge and construction and general labor departments, while the Servians outnumber all other immigrants combined in the steel foundry and are also found in large numbers in the rail mill and the merchant mill.

Such segregation as has just been described is conspicuously characteristic of some of the less numerous races as well. For example, of 42 Slovaks, 17 are in the frog and switch department and 10 in the merchant mill; of 59 Slovenians, 36 are in the open hearth; while of 19 Roumanians employed 13 are in the rail mill. This showing is the result of three very natural processes. First, some department superintendents have decided views as to the relative efficiency of different races gathered from their experience with them, and members of races of whom a favorable judgment has been formed will be encouraged when seeking work, while others less favorably viewed will be turned away. Second, many subordinate foremen and assistants are authorized to take on unskilled labor, and as some of these men are of foreign birth themselves, they naturally favor men of their own race. In the third place, laborers prefer to work where their countrymen are employed, and hence themselves seek places accordingly. New races on arriving in the community have to stand the disadvantages of this situation until they can demonstrate their own efficiency and secure a foothold in one or more departments. If they fail in this, their prospects of continued employment are lessened.