AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND THE MEMBERS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS.

The ages of males and females in the households studied are set forth in the table next presented, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 394.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] MALE.

Of the 1,727 persons studied in the foregoing table, 29 per cent are from 20 to 29 years of age, somewhat smaller proportions are 30 to 44 or less than 6 years of age, and comparatively small numbers are reported in the other age groups. Of the foreign-born, 60.8 per cent are over 20 years of age, the native-born of native father also reporting a large number-56.8 per cent-in this group, though the native-born of foreign father have only 39 per cent so reported. The native-born of native father have 29.1 per cent under 14 years of age, the foreign-born have 33.1 per cent, and the second generation have 50.9 per cent.

As regards the females, the same differences exist. Thus, 57.3 per cent of the persons native-born of native father are over 20 years of age, as compared with 55.1 per cent of the foreign born and 39.3 per cent of the second generation. Of the native-born of native father, 30.9 per cent are less than 14 years of age, as compared with 37.9 per cent of the foreign-born and 53.5 per cent of the second generation. Most of the foreign races have a considerable proportion of girls under 6, and the adult females are most commonly between 20 and 30 years

of age.

Most of the males reporting are at least 20 years of age, only 36.3 per cent being under 20. Of the foreign-born 65.4 per cent are 20 or more years old, 56.2 per cent of the native-born of native father, and 38.7 per cent of the native-born of foreign father. The foreignborn have 29.3 per cent under 14, the native-born of native father have 27.4 per cent, and the natives of foreign parentage have 48.4 per cent. The largest numbers of males reporting are 30 to 44 and 20 to 29, but there are a considerable number of boys less than 6 years of age. The character of the labor supply of this community, as regards the age of the employees, may be judged from the following statement of 7,995 males furnishing information, by general nativity and race.

TABLE 395.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 395.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and race-Continued.

Of a grand total of 7,995 persons, the largest proportion within any specified age group is 25.6 per cent 20 to 24 years of age, followed closely by those reported as 25 to 29 and 35 to 44 years of age. Only 7.2 per cent are less than 20 years old, only 9.6 per cent are 45 or over, and only 2.5 per cent are as much as 55 years of age.

The native-born of native father, native-born of foreign father, and foreign-born report practically the same percentages for those 20 to 24 and 35 to 44 years of age. The foreign-born have the highest percentage among those 25 to 29, the native-born of foreign father the highest among those 14 to 19 and 45 to 54, while the native-born of native father lead among those 30 to 34 and 55 or over.

The group of employees native-born of foreign father shows much the highest percentage among youths under 20 years of age, those whose fathers were born in Austria-Hungary leading with 50 per cent of their number 14 to 19 years old.

Among the foreign-born no race reports any males under 14 years of age, and the Bulgarians and Swedes show none from 14 to 19. The Roumanians, followed by the South Italians, have much the largest percentage among those 14 to 19 years old. The Irish, Welsh, Scotch, Slovenians, and Servians report few males under 20 years of age. The Croatians lead among those 20 to 24, with 37 per cent, followed by the Bulgarians and Roumanians, with 30 and 30.5 per cent, respectively. The Welsh report the least number, only 5 per cent, and the Irish follow closely with 5.3 per cent. The Slovenians lead among those 25 to 29 with 33.3 per cent; only 8 per cent of the Irish are in this age group. The Servians have the largest proportion, 23.4 per cent, among those 30 to 34. The Servians, Russians, Poles, South Italians, Croatians, and Bulgarians report none as old as 55 years of age, and they have generally small proportions between 45 and 55. The races of early immigrationEnglish, German, Irish, Scotch, Swedish, and Welsh-have by far the largest proportions 35 years of age or over. Sixty per cent of the Bulgarians, 59 per cent of the Croatians, 51.3 per cent of the North Italians, 54.8 per cent of the South Italians, 57.9 per cent of

the Poles, 58.7 per cent of the Roumanians, 49.5 per cent of the Servians, 50.8 per cent of the Slovaks, and 51.6 per cent of the Slovenians are between 20 and 30 of age.

years

CHARITY.

The helplessness of the more recent immigrants in times of depression such as have been experienced during the year 1907-8 was quite marked. The local secretary of the associated charities states that the Roumanians were the most helpless, with the Bulgarians, Servians, and Croatians next in order, but that the Poles and Magyars were rather resourceful, and there was very little call from the Italians for assistance.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, in Community B, the number and percentage of the total number of persons involved in cases assisted by a local charitable organization.

TABLE 396.-Persons involved in cases assisted by the Charity Organization Society, in Community B, by general nativity and race of head of case.

Of the 576 persons assisted in Community B 47.9 per cent are members of foreign households, 21.4 per cent are members of households where the head is white, native-born of native father, 15.5 per cent are in households whose heads are native-born of foreign father, and 15.3 per cent in households whose heads are native-born negroes. The Irish is the only foreign race showing as high as 15 per cent of the total number assisted-other races ranging from 7.3 per cent, as shown by the English, to 0.3 per cent, as shown by the Canadians other than French.