The greater proportion of the total number of males 18 years of age or over, as shown by the foregoing table, earn $12.50 or over each week, and slightly less than 50 per cent of the foreign-born earn this amount weekly. The employees native-born of native father, as well as those native-born of foreign father, in the greater proportion of cases, earn $15 a week or over. The greater proportion of the foreign-born Welsh and Scotch, and relatively large proportions of the Canadians other than French, Swedes, and English, earn $17.50 or more each week. Relatively low earnings are most common among the Macedonians, Greeks, Bulgarians, Servians, and South Italians, less than 50 per cent of each of these races earning $10 or over per week.

The following table shows by locality and general nativity and race the per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning $10 or more per week:

TABLE 35.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning $10 or over per week, by locality and by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.]

* This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

From the grand total of this table it is seen that the proportion of the employees in the iron and steel industry who earn $10 or over per week is largest in the Middle West and smallest in the South. This

is true also of the foreign-born employees and of those who were native-born of foreign father, while of those native-born of native father, both whites and negroes, show the larger proportions in the East than in the South with weekly earnings of $10 or more. Of the several foreign-born races reporting in each locality, each shows the largest proportion in the Middle West, and each, except the German, the smallest proportion in the South, earning $10 or over each week. The table next presented sets forth the percentage of male employees 18 years of age or over earning $15 or over per week according to locality and general nativity and race.

TABLE 36.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning $15 or over per week, by locality and by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The totals, however, are for all races.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The foregoing table shows that the proportion of all white employees, as well as that of foreign-born employees, native employees born of foreign father, and native employees born of native father, who earn $15 or over per week, is largest in the Middle West, second largest in the East, and smallest in the South. The proportion of native negro employees born of native father earning $15 or over weekly is very much larger in the East than in the South. Of the foreign-born, the Croatians, Irish, North Italians, Lithuanians, Magyars, Poles, Russians, Servians, Slovenians, and Welsh have a

larger proportion of employees earning $15 or over each week in the Middle West than in the East, and the English, Germans, and Slovaks have a larger proportion in the Middle West than in either the East or the South. The proportion of the Swedish employees earning $15 or over per week is slightly larger in the East than in the Middle West.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race, the per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount weekly.

TABLE 37.-Per cent of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.

*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for the time lost during the year.

From the data presented in the above table, it appears that practically all the male employees between 14 and 18 years of age, for whom information was secured, earn at least $2.50 per week, that 90.6 per cent earn $5 or over, 47.1 per cent earn $7.50 or over, 18.2 per cent earn $10 or over, 6.3 per cent earn $12.50 or over, and only a very small proportion earn $15 or over each week. The proportion of employees earning $5 or over, $10 or over, and $12.50 or over, respectively, is smallest for the native-born negroes of native father and larger for the whites native-born of native father and the foreign-born than for the native-born of foreign father, while the proportion of employees earning $7.50 or over is largest for the native negroes born of native father, second largest for the whites nativeborn of native father, and smallest for those who were native-born of foreign father. Of the Slovaks, the only foreign race for which percentages have been computed, a larger proportion than of all the foreign-born earn $5 and $12.50 or over, respectively, and a smaller proportion than of all the foreign-born earn $7.50 or over and $10 or over, respectively.

48296°-Vol 8-11-5

RELATION BETWEEN PERIOD OF RESIDENCE AND EARNING ABILITY.

The following table shows, by race and length of residence in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over who were earning each specified amount per week:

TABLE 38.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by race and length of residence in the United States.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more males reporting.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for the time lost during the year.

a Less than 0.05 per cent.

94.5

61.0 25.5 4.9

2.1

.7

98.2 77.8 44.6 12.9

6.7

2.3

97.1 77.9 50.5 22.5

8.2

3.3

3.229 98.0 69.3 32.2 9.6
2,320 99.3 80.9 51.0 24.2
1,940

2.8

2.3

10.0

3.2

99.4 83.7 56.9 32.8 19.5 9.6

661 98.2 58.2 15.6 5.0

3.2

100 99.0 85.0 47.0 24.0 6.0 1.0

.9

.2

.0 .0

.0

.3

.7 6.0

.0

2.1

.0

10.4

.5

1.2

2.1

1.5

.0

Not computed, owing to small number involved.