GENERAL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented shows by general nativity and race of individual the general occupation at the present time of females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over.

TABLE 31.--General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The data given in this table concern 2,620 women over 16 years of age belonging to households whose heads were employed in the iron and steel industry. The percentages of the total show that 90.8 per cent of all women were at home, only 1 per cent in school, and about 8 per cent employed in trade, domestic service, and unspecified occupations. Among the foreign-born women, the proportion of those employed falls below the percentage for the total, as does the proportion of those in school, while the proportion of those at home rises above it. The percentages for the women native-born of foreign father vary rather widely from the foreign-born and indicate a slightly greater tendency upon the part of the women of the second generation to attend school and to enter wage-earning occupations. They have a proportion at school which is far above the proportion of the total, and their proportion employed is 31.6 per cent. the three races represented among the women native-born of foreign father the Irish have 43.8 per cent in various occupations, the

Of

Germans 28.2 per cent, and the Scotch 20 per cent. The latter race has 10 per cent at school, as contrasted with none of the Irish and Germans. Among the foreign-born, the North Italian is the only race having its entire number at home, but no race falls below 88.7 per cent in this respect. The Servians, Croatians, Slovenians, Germans, Irish, and Magyars have considerable proportions at work; the Servians lead in the number in domestic service, the Slovenians in trade, and the Germans in unspecified occupations. The Boheemian and Moravian, English, French, South Italian, and Magyar, in the order named, are the only races reporting very small proportions of women at school.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of males in the households studied who were years of age or over:

16

TABLE 32.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the 5,110 males in the households studied 16 years of age or over for whom information was secured, 71 per cent were employed in

the iron and steel industry, 25 per cent were otherwise employed, 3.4 per cent were at home, and only a fraction of 1 per cent at school. The proportion of individuals employed in the iron and steel industry is largest for white persons native-born of native father, second largest for the foreign-born, and very much smaller for negroes native-born of native father than for persons native-born of foreign father, while the proportion of individuals otherwise employed is very much larger for the negroes native-born of native father than for any other group and smaller for white persons native-born of native father than for the foreign-born or for persons native-born of foreign father. Of the foreign-born the Irish, Greeks, Slovenians, Macedonians, and Roumanians, in the order mentioned, have the largest and the French and Scotch the smallest proportion of individuals employed in the iron and steel industry, and the Scotch have the largest and the Greeks, Irish, and Slovenians the smallest proportion of individuals otherwise employed.

STATUS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND GENERATIONS COMPARED.

The following table shows the percentage of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual:

TABLE 33.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the iron and steel manufacturing industry, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

Comparing the second with the first generation of the races shown in the above table, it will be noted that the tendency on the part of the second generation of both English and Germans is to seek employment in the same industry in which the first generation is employed, while the reverse is true of the second generation of both the Irish and Slovaks, the differences being much less marked among the Germans and Irish than among the English and Slovaks. Without regard to place of birth, it will be noted that in only one instancethe second generation of Slovaks-is the proportion employed in the manufacture of iron and steel smaller than the proportion otherwise employed.

A much larger proportion of whites native-born of native father than of native-born negroes is employed in the manufacture of iron and steel, and consequently a much smaller proportion of the former than the latter is otherwise employed.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

The table and charts next presented show, by general nativity and race, the per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over who earned each specified rate per week.

TABLE 34.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.