The foreign-born husbands of each race who have been in the United States under five years report the largest proportion of wives abroad, and those who have been here ten years or over the smallest. The small proportion of the total number of Germans who report wife abroad is due to the fact that 322 of the 396 Germans have been in the United States ten years or over.

VISITS ABROAD.

The table next presented shows the visits abroad made by foreignborn male employees, by years in the United States and race.

TABLE 314.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

or

Of a total of 4,132 employees covered by the foregoing table, a rather small percentage report visits abroad. The percentage is very much greater for those here from five to nine years and ten years over than that shown by the totals or those with a residence under five years. Among employees under five years in the United States, the Slovenians show the largest percentage making visits abroad, followed very closely by the Magyars, Slovaks, South Italians, and Croatians, while the English show none of their number of this residence period to have visited their native land. A large percentage of the Slovenians, North Italians, and South Italians who have been in the United States ten years or over report visits abroad, while the Russians and Germans report a very low percentage; of those in the United States five to nine years the largest proportion of visits abroad is shown by the Russians and English.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR

HOUSEHOLDS.

The following table shows the percentage of persons in the households studied within each age group. The presentation is by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 315.—Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex, and general nativity and

race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however are for all races.]

6

Of 1,741 persons reporting complete data, 17.9 per cent are under years of age, 14.8 per cent are from 6 to 15, 37 per cent are from 16 to 29, 23.6 per cent are from 30 to 44, and 6.7 per cent are 45 or over. Comparing the different foreign-born races within the respective age

groups it is seen that the Slovaks and Poles with 20.3 per cent each report the largest proportions among those under 6 years of age, closely followed by the South Italians and Magyars in the order named, while the Irish with 9 per cent show the lowest proportion. The Irish exhibit the largest proportion among those from 6 to 15 years of age, or 30 per cent, with the Poles showing the lowest, or 6 per cent.

The Croatians have by far the largest proportion who are from 16 to 29 years of age, while the Slovaks with 29.7 per cent show the lowest proportion in this age group. The Slovaks with 29.7 per cent, closely followed by the South Italians, Magyars, Poles, and Croatians, in the order named, show the largest proportion from 30 to 44 years of age, and the Irish with 9 per cent, the lowest. Generally speaking, the more recent immigrant races have a low proportion of persons 45 years of age or over. The Irish, the only old immigrant race reporting, shows 17 per cent, or a very much higher proportion than any other race reporting.

Of 649 foreign-born females reporting complete data, 24 per cent are under 6 years of age, 21.8 per cent are from 6 to 15, 29.5 per cent are from 16 to 29, 19.1 per cent are from 29 to 44, and 5.7 per cent are 45 years of age or over. Among those under 6 years of age the Poles show the largest proportion, or 35.5 per cent, followed by the Slovaks, Croatians, Magyars, South Italians, and Irish, in the order named, the last named race showing only 8 per cent in this age group. The Irish and South Italians report 30 per cent of their number from 6 to 15 years of age, and the Poles show only 9.2 per cent. The Croatians report the highest percentage from 16 to 29 years of age, closely followed by the Poles and Irish, while the South Italians, show the lowest proportion. The Slovak women show the largest proportion of those from 30 to 44 years of age, closely followed by the South Italians, the other races having considerably smaller proportions, the lowest being shown by the Irish. The Irish have a very much larger proportion who are 45 years of age or over than has any other race, and none of the South Italians and only 0.8 per cent of the Slovaks are in this age group.

Of the 1,092 males, it is seen that a much smaller proportion than of the females are under 6 years of age, while 10.6 per cent are from 6 to 15, 41.5 per cent from 16 to 30, 26.3 per cent from 30 to 44, and 7.3 per cent are 45 years of age or over. The South Italians with 19.5 per cent report the largest proportion among those under 6 years of age, while the Slovaks, Poles, and Magyars, with slightly smaller proportions, follow in the order named, and the Croatians, with 7.9 per cent. show the smallest. The Irish exhibit a very much larger proportion, or 30 per cent, who are from 6 to 15 years of age, followed in the order named by the Slovaks, Magyars, South Italians, Croatians, and Poles, All races have a larger proportion from 16 to 29 years of age than in any other group; the Croatians, with 61.2 per cent, showing the largest proportion, followed in the order named by the Poles, South Italians, Magyars, and Slovaks. The Magyars show the largest proportion from 30 to 44 years of age. The Irish show the largest proportion 45 years of age or over and the Croatians the smallest.

The following table shows the percentage of male employees in the industry within each age group, by general nativity and race:

TABLE 316.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the total number of male employees none are under 14 years of age, and 20.3 per cent, the largest proportion in any age group, are from 20 to 24 years of age, but the proportions who are from 35 to 44 and from 25 to 29 are only slightly smaller.

The majority of males native-born of native father are 20 to 24 years of age. The greater number of the native-born of foreign father are from 14 to 19. The largest proportion of the foreign-born are from 35 to 44. It is noticeable that the percentage who are from 35 to 44 years of age in each nativity group is considerably larger than the proportion from 30 to 34. Of the native-born employees, 76.5 per cent of those whose fathers were born in Austria-Hungary are from 14 to 19 years of age. Also a greater proportion of the nativeborn whose fathers were born in England or Germany are from 14 to 19 years of age than any other age. The maximum proportion of native-born employees whose fathers were born in Ireland or Wales are from 35 to 44 years of age.

Among the foreign-born the greater grant races are over 35 years of age. immigration are under 30 years of age. who are 14 to 19 as compared with the is unusually large.

proportion of the older immiMost of the races of recent The proportion of Servians proportions of the other races

CRIMINALITY.

The records of the police department of the community show that as a general rule the number of arrests among the foreign-born equals about 85 per cent of the arrests made among natives. The records, however, do not make proper distinction between races, and it is probable that a number of English-speaking aliens are included in "natives" and that the term "foreigners" is chiefly used to designate the southeastern European races.

In proportion to the total population of the community, however, criminality among foreigners is considerably greater than among natives. The crimes committed by foreigners are chiefly drunkenness, cutting, larceny, resisting officers, peddling without license, Sabbath desecration, and vagrancy. There seems to be a comparatively small number of arrests among recent immigrants for disobedience of municipal regulations as to health and sanitation and state laws as to the proper conduct of business. They are arrested more often for crimes which make them a nuisance to the native population than for mere infractions of the law. The reason for this fact is seen in (a) the lack of police patrol in the segregated foreign neighborhoods and in (b) the general tendency on the part of the native population and the city government to let the immigrants from southern and eastern Europe alone so long as they do not make their presence unpleasantly felt. Housing, sanitary, and health regulations are openly violated in the foreign sections, and the same may be said as regards the conduct of business. No cases of the latter variety ever come into court except when a suit is instituted between foreigners, who in many instances are instigated to undertake legal proceedings by unscrupulous persons among the foreigners and natives.

Few arrests are made for immorality among foreigners. The police department states that crimes of this nature are not as frequent among foreigners as among natives, and that as a general rule the Slovak, Magyar, and Polish women, as well as the foreign-born women of the Welsh, German, Irish, and Scandinavian races, are considered to be remarkably free from it. The foreign neighborhoods are entirely without districts in which the social evil is practiced, and no trouble has been occasioned from this cause for years.

It is claimed that considerable immorality exists in Croatian boarding houses, where the female housekeeper lives among a group of men. Direct evidence on this point was difficult to obtain because one of the members of the group always claims the woman as his wife. The South Italians and Croatians are, in the experience of the police department, most troublesome. Cuttings, murders, and larceny are crimes almost peculiar, from the point of view of frequency, to South Italians. The only persons arrested for procuring among foreigners have been South Italians, and it is interesting to note that their victims are in every instance young American girls. The class known to the police as "Jews," which means chiefly Russian Hebrews, and Italians, both North and South, are about the only races arrested for peddling without licenses.

The arrests of Croatians grow almost altogether out of their drunken fights on Saturdays and Sundays, and the chief offenses are usually general disorderliness and resistance of officers who attempt