SIZE OF APARTMENTS AND HOUSEHOLDS.

The following table shows the percentage of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 299.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

(This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.)

In the above table of 287 foreign households, 42.2 per cent occupy four-room apartments, 15.7 per cent occupy five, six, two, and three room apartments, while a very small proportion occupy one-room apartments and apartments of seven rooms or more. No computations have been made regarding persons native-born of native father, owing to the small number involved. Of the foreign-born, the Croatians and Poles report a majority of their households in four-room apartments, 58.3 per cent of the former and a slightly smaller proportion of the latter race reporting this size of apartment. The Slovaks, South Italian, and Magyars have from 37.1 per cent to 46.3 per cent of their households in four-room apartments. An analysis of the reports of the 5 races specified shows that the proportions of families in each size of apartment increases in the ratio of the increase of rooms, until the four-room apartment is reached, when the proportions drop steadily again, until in the case of apartments of seven or more rooms, but one race, the South Italian, shows any such household. In this way from 83.3 per cent to 90.3 per cent of the Croatians, Poles, Magyars, and Slovaks, in the order given, live in two, three, and four room apartments. The South Italians, however, seem inclined to larger apartments, and 60.5 per cent of their households are in four and five room apartments, while 15.8 per cent live in three-room apartments and an equal proportion in six-room apartments. No South Italian apartment is of less than three rooms, while 7.9 per cent live in apartments of seven rooms or over. On the other hand, while no Croatian, Polish, Slovak, or Magyar family lives in an apartment of more than six rooms, 8.3 per cent to 34.1 per cent of them, in the order given, live in apartments of one and two rooms.

The Croatians report no apartments of less than two rooms, and report a proportion of 16.6 per cent living in five and six room apartments. In this connection it should be borne in mind, however, that the size of apartments occupied by the households of any race affords no indication of the congestion and living arrangements within the households. This fact is disclosed by the table next presented exhibiting the relative size of households.

This table shows the percentage of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 300.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

(This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The grand total shows 6 per cent of the households to consist of 2 persons, 11.7 per cent of 3 persons, 12.1 per cent of 4 persons, 12.1 per cent of 5 persons, 13.8 per cent of 6 persons, 8.4 per cent of 7 persons, 9.4 per cent of 8 persons, 8.4 per cent of 9 persons, and 18.1 per cent are composed of 10 or more persons. In general terms it may be said that the largest households are those of the Croatians, for which race households of 10 or more persons constitute 50 per cent of the total, and which has no households consisting of less than 5 individuals. On the other hand, it appears that the smallest households are found among the Slovaks, more than 50 per cent of whose households consist of 5 persons or less. Under the column of households consisting of 2 persons no race is represented as having as high as 10 per cent, the Magyars and Slovaks having slightly less than that figure, while the Poles and South Italians have less than 5 per cent. Among the 3-person households the Magyar leads, with more than 20 per cent, while the Slovak is next with a trifle less than that percentage. The South Italian takes first place in the list of households of 4 persons, with over 20 per cent of their total number, and is closely followed by the Slovak with over 19 per cent. The Poles rank next with less than 10 per cent, and the Magyar with not quite 5 per cent.

With over 16 per cent the Croatian leads in the proportion of households consisting of 5 persons. Next in order are the Slovaks

and Magyars, each with more than 12 per cent. Again, in the proportion of households of 6 individuals, the Croatians have the largest representation, or 16.7 per cent, the Magyars coming next with 14.6 per cent, while the Slovaks and South Italians have less than 10 per cent each. At the head of the households composed of 7 individuals the Polish race shows 14.3 per cent of their number, and the Magyars and South Italians, each more than 10 per cent, while the Croatians and Slovaks have less than 5 per cent. Over 14 per cent of the Slovaks are grouped in households of 8 members, while the South Italians have over 10 per cent. One race only, the South Italian, shows as much as 10 per cent of its households to consist of 9 members. As already stated, 50 per cent of the Croatian households consist of 10 persons or more, the next in order being the Poles, with a trifle over 23 per cent, then the South Italian and Magyar races, each below the 20 per cent mark, while the Slovak rank lowest with 6.5 per cent.

CONGESTION.

The following table shows the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room in the households studied, by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 301.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

The foregoing table, which embraces a study of 298 households, shows an average of 6.77 persons to each apartment, 1.65 persons to each room, and 2.77 persons to each sleeping room. The average number of persons per apartment, room, and sleeping room shown by the native-born is smaller than that shown by the foreign-born, thus indicating less congestion in native households than in foreign. The Croatians and Servians each show an average of slightly more than 10 persons to each apartment, while the Germans, Hebrews, North Italians, Magyars, Slovaks, and Welsh each show an average less

than 6 persons to an apartment. The average number of persons per room in the Servian households studied is 2.73 and in the Croatian 2.79. In addition to these two races the Poles and Ruthenians each show slightly over 2 persons per room. The Hebrews and Welsh each show less than one person per room. The Croatians report the greatest congestion in sleeping rooms, the average number being 4.03. The North Italians, Ruthenians, and Servians each have between 3 and 4 persons per sleeping room. The Hebrews with 1.69 persons and the Welsh with 1.89 persons show the smallest number of persons per sleeping room.

The following table exhibits the range in number of persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 302.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of the 298 households investigated only 11 had heads who were native-born, of native father. Consequently, the percentage of households having each specified number of persons per room for the total group represents very closely the corresponding proportions for the foreign-born. Of the races for which detailed information is given, crowding seems most general among the Croatians, since 100 per cent of the households of that race average at least 1 person per room, 79.2 per cent average 2 or more, 45.8 per cent 3 or more, and 12.5 per cent 4 or more. The Poles also, in a relatively large number of instances, have 2 or more or 3 or more persons per room, and this condition is true in a lesser degree among the Slovaks and Magyars.

The following table shows the range in the number of persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 303.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of the total number of foreign households, 81.9 per cent have 2 or more persons per sleeping room, 51.2 per cent have 3 or more, 24.7 per cent 4 or more, 10.5 per cent 5 or more, and 3.8 per cent have 6 or more. The Croatians show the most marked degree of crowding in sleeping rooms, ranging from 100 per cent of households having 2 or more persons per sleeping room to 8.3 per cent having 6 or more. The Magyars and Poles have relatively large proportions of households with 2 or more or 3 or more persons per sleeping room, but the proportions having a greater number are comparatively low.