ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE HEADS OF FAMILIES STUDIED.

The following table shows husbands at work, within the households studied, by general nativity and race of individual:

TABLE 270.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual.

The above table shows that of the 254 husbands for whom information was obtained in this locality, 97.6 per cent are at work with average earnings of $390. Of the foreign-born 97.5 per cent of all husbands for whom information was obtained are at work-the foreignborn husbands having average earnings of $384 as compared with $473, the average earnings of the whites, native-born of native father. Among the foreign-born husbands who are reported in sufficient numbers to admit of comparison, the South Italians alone report their entire number at work. Following the South Italians are the Poles, who report a slightly larger proportion of husbands at work than do the Magyars, Slovaks, or Croatians.

The Welsh report by far the largest average earnings among the several foreign-born race groups, or $622. Following the Welsh are the Magyars with average earnings of $432, which it will be seen are considerably higher than the average earnings of the Slovaks, Croatians, South Italians, or Ruthenians, and very much larger than the average earnings of the Poles or Irish, in the order named.

The table following shows the earnings per annum of male heads of families, by general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 271.-Earnings per year of male heads of families, by general nativity and race oj

individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only male heads of selected families. For selection of families, see Vol. II, p. 272.)

Of a total of 248 reporting, the average earnings are $390. The average earnings of the heads of families native-born of native father are much higher than those of foreign birth, while those of the nativeborn of foreign father are not computed, owing to the small number involved. A very small percentage of foreign-born earn under $100, while practically none receive over $1,000, the majority earning less than $400 a year.

A comparison of earnings of separate races shows the average of foreign-born Welsh, and whites native-born of native father to be rather large. Of the races shown, the Slovak is the only race which exhibits any percentage earning over $1,000.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table following shows the annual earnings of all males 18 years of age and over in the households studied. The presentation is by general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 272.- Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

The foregoing table shows that the average earnings per annum for the 721 males reporting was $324. Among the foreign-born the average annual earnings of the Welsh are notably higher than those of the other races. The Ruthenians are next in order of annual earning capacity, followed consecutively by the Slovaks, North Italians, Germans, Servians, Croatians, Magyars, South Italians, Poles, and Irish. The table further shows that practically the entire number earn under $1,000 a year; that 91.7 per cent earn under $600 a year on the average, and that 70 per cent and 29.3 per cent earn under $400 and $200, respectively. Of the seven foreign-born races for whom the percentages have been computed the Magyars have the largest percentage, earning annually less than $200. The South Italians have the largest proportion earning under $400.

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME.

The table following shows the percentage of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount, by general nativity and race of the head of the family.

TABLE 273.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The above table shows that the average yearly income of 263 families studied in this community was $573.

WIVES AT WORK.

The following table shows wives at work within the households studied, by general nativity and race of head of family:

Table 274.—Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family.

From the foregoing table it will be seen that of the 262 wives for whom information was obtained in this locality, only 5, or 1.9 per cent, are at work.

ANNUAL

EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OR OVER IN THE
HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the yearly earnings (approximate) of females, in the households studied, who were 18 years of age or over and who were working for wages:

TABLE 275.— Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

The preceding table gives the data for 20 women over 18 years of age, working for wages, in Community A, and shows that the average yearly wages of these persons were $196. All but 2 earn under $400, all but 5 under $300, and all but 7 under $200. Among the second generation of immigrants the average yearly wages for 15 women were $218, while the average wages of 18 native-born women were $206. Women native-born of Irish father have an average wage of $216, which is considerably above the average in this locality.

RELATION BETWEEN EARNINGS OF HUSBANDS AND THE PRACTICE OF WIVES OF KEEPING BOARDERS OR LODGERS.

The following tables show the number and percentage of families in which the wife has employment, or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husbands, and by general nativity and race of head of family.