The following table will indicate the foreign-born population of the community in 1907 and 1908. These statistics are of necessity only approximate, and are estimates based on information from all available sources. It is believed, however, that they are approximately correct. The figures for 1908 as compared with 1907 will show roughly the effect of the industrial depression of the autumn of 1907 and the spring of 1908. TABLE 243.-Estimated foreign-born population of Community A, by section and race, 1907 and 1908. The estimated total population of Community A for 1907 was 57,213, of whom the above table shows that 27,340 were foreign-born. In 1908 the foreign-born population was 16,515, and the native-born population 30,485, making a total population of 47,000. This falling off in the foreign-born races was practically confined to the recent immigrant races. It was greatest among the Italians, more than half of those in the community in 1907 having gone by 1908. The Syrians were not driven out by the business depression. All of the old immigrant races, being well established, did not move to other parts. As regards the composition of the foreign-born population it is found that more than one-quarter are Slovaks and about one-eighth are Croatians. Of the races of older immigration, the German and Irish make the best showing. RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME. The table next presented shows the racial composition of the operating forces of the iron and steel plants in the community. It will be noted that foreign-born persons of 35 races appear among the iron and steel workers. Among those of recent immigration, the Slovak shows the largest proportion of employees. CHAPTER III. ECONOMIC STATUS. Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied-Principal occupation of immigrant employees before coming to the United States-General occupation of women at the present time, in the households studied-General occupation of males at the present time, in the households studied-Occupations entered by immigrants-Rates of pay-Weekly earnings-Range of earnings of steel company No. 1 for the pay period June 1-15, 1907-Annual earnings of male heads of families studied-Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studiedAnnual family income-Wives at work-Annual earnings of females 18 years of age or over in the households studied-Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders or lodgers-Sources of family incomeRelative importance of different sources of family income-[Text Tables 245 to 280 and General Tables 119 to 131]. INDUSTRIAL CONDITION ABROAD OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED. For purposes of comparison, it will be instructive, before taking up the present economic status of the foreign-born iron and steel workers of the community, to consider their industrial condition before emigration from their native lands. In this connection the following tables show the industrial condition and occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at the time of coming to the United States. The presentation is by race of individual. TABLE 245.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign born.] TABLE 246.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign born.] The larger proportion, or 72.5 per cent, of the females reported in the above tables were without occupation abroad, and of these probably the greater number were housewives. The South Italians show the largest proportion, or 88.8 per cent, without occupation abroad, while the smallest proportion in this class, or 69.2 per cent, is shown by the Croatians. In only one occupation, in which the females were employed for wages before coming to the United States, does the proportion equal 1 per cent, this being domestic service, in which 12.7 per cent of the females were engaged. This is also true of those who worked without wages, 10 per cent of the total number reporting being farm laborers and only 0.8 per cent in other occupations. It is of interest to note that no South Italians worked for wages. The only occupation in which the Croatian women were employed for wages is that of domestic service. In this last-mentioned occupation it will be seen that the Slovaks show the largest proportion, followed closely by the Poles, the proportions being 18.6 and 16.2 per cent. The Magyar is the only race which shows a proportion in hand trades. Of those who worked without wages, the Magyar alone shows a proportion employed in an occupation other than farm laborers, while the only race reporting a proportion working for profit before coming to the United States is the Polish, 2.7 per cent of the females of this race having been farmers. The tables next presented show the industrial condition, before coming to the United States, of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at the time of arrival in this country. The exhibit is by race of individual. TABLE 247.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] TABLE 248.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] Of the 669 males in this locality from whom information was secured, the largest proportion, or 58 per cent, worked for wages before coming to the United States. Of the remainder, 7.9 per cent worked for profit, and 32.7 per cent without wages, while 1.3 per cent were without any occupation. By far the largest proportion were on farms prior to coming to the United States, 38.9 per cent working for wages, 31.5 per cent working without wages, and 7.3 per cent working for profit. A comparison of the several races working for wages shows that the Magyars had a larger proportion than any other race thus employed abroad, while the smallest proportion, 8.7 per cent, is shown by the Servians. A slightly larger proportion of Poles than of Magyars, or 54.1 per cent as compared with 53.7 per cent, were employed as farm laborers for wages, these proportions being larger than the proportion shown by any other race. The proportions of |