The proportion of foreign-born employees who have been in the United States under five years is 60 per cent in the South, 40.7 per cent in the East, and 39.1 per cent in the Middle West. Of the different races, the English, Germans, and Irish have a larger proportion of employees in the United States under five years in the East than in either the Middle West or the South; the Servians and Slovenians have larger proportions of employees in the United States under five years in the Middle West than in either the South or the East. The Greeks, North Italians, Lithuanians, Poles, Russians, Scotch, Slovaks, and Swedes have a larger proportion of employees in the United States under five years in the South than in either the Middle West or the East. In the South and the Middle West all of the Bulgarian employees, as against 89.2 per cent in the East, have been in the United States under five years.

In the East 66.8 per cent, in the Middle West 63.1 per cent, and in the South 72.5 per cent of the foreign-born male employees, for whom information was secured, have been in the United States under ten years. The Germans, Irish, and Poles have a larger proportion of individuals in the United States under ten years in the East than in either the Middle West or the South. The North Italians, Lithuanians, and Servians have a larger proportion of individuals in the United States under ten years in the Middle West than in either the South or the East. The English, Russians, Scotch, Slovaks, and Swedes have a larger proportion of individuals in the United States under ten years in the South than in either the East or the Middle West. All of the Bulgarian and Greek employees in the Middle West and South and 97.3 per cent of the Bulgarian employees and 91.2 per cent of the Greek employees in the East have been in the United States under ten years.

The proportion of foreign-born employees who have been in the United States under twenty years is 83.1 per cent in the East, 80.7 per cent in the Middle West, and 82.4 per cent in the South. Of the several races the Germans, Magyars, and Poles have a larger proportion of individuals in the United States under twenty years in the East than in either the Middle West or the South. The English, Irish, North Italians, Lithuanians, Servians, and Slovaks, have a larger proportion of individuals in the United States under twenty years in the Middle West than in the South or the East; and the Russians, Scotch, and Swedes have a larger proportion of individuals in the United States under twenty years in the South than in the East or the Middle West. All of the Bulgarian and Greek employees in the Middle West and South and 97.3 per cent of the Bulgarian employees and 98.1 per cent of the Greek employees in the East have been in the United States under twenty years.

The table following shows the percentage of foreign-born persons within the households studied who had been in the United States each specified number of years. The exhibit is by locality and race of individual.

TABLE 21.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by locality and by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 20 or more persons reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

IN THE UNITED STATES UNDER 5 YEARS.

a Community A and Community B are included in the Pittsburg district.
Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The proportion of foreign-born employees who have been in the United States under five years is, for the East, 54.1 per cent in the Pittsburg district, 55.3 per cent in Community C, and 44.5 per cent in Community D; for Community E, of the Middle West, 91.6 per cent, and for the South, as represented by the Birmingham district, 63.9 per cent. There is a greater proportion of Poles in the Pittsburg district of the East than in the South, but the smallest proportion of Magyars is shown in this locality. The Poles in Community D of the East show a smaller proportion than in any other locality. The percentage of South Italians is greater in the South than elsewhere, but a smaller proportion of the Poles appear in this locality than in the Pittsburg district of the East.

It is seen that 81.8 per cent of the total number of the iron and steel workers have been in the United States under ten years. Of the total number in each of the different localities the Middle West shows the largest proportion, or 99 per cent, followed by the South and the Pittsburg district of the East with 81.8 per cent and 81 per cent, respectively, which are in turn followed by Communities C and D of the East with 78.2 per cent and 74.8 per cent, respectively. Of the several races the Bulgarian, North Italian, and Servian each shows approximately the same proportion of its people in each locality, while of the races reporting in two or more localities the English, South Italians, and Poles show their largest proportions in the South; the Irish and Slovaks their largest proportion in the Pittsburg district; the Germans and Magyars their largest proportion in eastern Pennsylvania; and the Croatians their largest proportion in Community D (New York).

Comparing the different localities, it is seen that the Middle West reports the maximum of 100 per cent of the races represented, in the United States under twenty years, and the minimum of 90.6 per cent, in the United States under twenty years, is reported by Community C, in the East. The Bulgarians show a maximum of 100 per cent in the United States under twenty years in Communities C of the East, E of the Middle West, and the Birmingham district of the South, the number in the United States under twenty years in any other locality being too small for computation. The English have their largest percentage in the United States under twenty years in the South. The South Italians and Slovaks report large percentages in the South, and in the Pittsburg district and Community C of the East. The Magyars show more than 95 per cent in each district in the United States under twenty years, with the exception of the South, where there are none of this race who have been in the United States under twenty years. More than 90 per cent of the total number of immigrants employed in the iron and steel industry in each locality have been in the United States under twenty years.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The table next presented shows the number and percentage of male iron and steel workers for whom detailed information was received. The exhibit is by general nativity and race of individual, and the percentages, which are based upon a study of 86,089 employees, are considered representative of the racial composition of the entire operating force of the industry.

TABLE 22.—Male employees for whom information was secured, by general nativity and

Upon referring to the table it is seen that 24.2 per cent of the total number of employees studied are white, and 4.7 per cent negroes, native-born of native father. The second generation, or the employees, native-born of foreign father constitute only 13.4 per cent of the total, while the foreign-born employees make up 57.7 per cent of the entire number investigated. Among the second generation the employees whose fathers were born in Germany, Ireland, and England, in the order named, are preponderant, and among the foreign-born workers in the blast furnaces and steel mills the Slovaks, Poles, Magyars, Germans, and Croatians, in the order named, exhibit the largest proportion.

The table next presented shows, by locality, the general nativity and race of male employees for whom information was secured.

TABLE 23.-Race of male employees for whom information was secured, by locality; per cent distribution.