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Of a total of 2,232 persons 20 years of age or over, the preceding table shows that 78.9 per cent are married, 19.2 per cent single, and 2 per cent widowed. The foreign-born report a larger proportion than the group of persons native-born of native father, who in turn show a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father who are married. Each race shows a decidedly larger proportion married than single and less than 5 per cent widowed.

A comparison of males and females shows the percentage of married females to be much higher than of males in each instance, except in the group of persons 45 years of age or over. Females also show the highest percentage of widowed.

In addition to the large proportion of single men among the immigrant iron and steel workers, a large proportion of the married males of foreign birth do not bring their wives with them to the United States. This fact is significant in its bearing upon the transitory character of the immigrant labor supply, as well as upon housing and living conditions, for the reason that the married employees without their wives adopt the same group system of living as the single men. The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and the percentage who report wife abroad:

TABLE 218.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The totals, however, are for all foreign

Bohemian and Moravian.

Race of husband.

born.]

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Bulgarian..

Canadian (other than French).

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Croatian..

English....

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1.8

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3.3

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Magyar..

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16.8

Polish..

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44.7

Roumanian.

Russian..

Scotch....

Servian.

Slovak

2,268

74.2

25.8

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76.1

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55.2

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3.8

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58.9

Slovenian.

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36.8

Swedish

Welsh.....

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44.7

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1.8

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1.4

Total..

20,944

69.9

30.1

Of the total number of husbands of foreign birth, 30.1 per cent report wife abroad. The Canadians (other than French) all report wives in the United States. Likewise the races of older immigration, the Irish, Welsh, English, Swedes, French, Scotch, German, and in addition, the Finns, report very large proportions of wives in this country. The Bulgarians, on the contrary, report 91.5 per cent of wives abroad, a proportion not closely approached by any other race. The Roumanians, Greeks, Croatians, Servians, and Russians also report the greater proportion of their wives abroad.

The tendency on the part of foreign-born married males who have been in the United States for a period of years to send for their wives and families is shown by the following table, which exhibits, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad:

TABLE 219.—Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.]

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The above table clearly indicates a tendency upon the part of husbands who originally came to the United States without their wives and families to send for them after the expiration of a term of years. The races that most commonly have wife abroad, the Roumanians, Greeks, Croatians, Servians, and Russians, report a relatively large proportion at every period of residence of the husband in this country, but this proportion decreases as the years in the United States increase.

48296°-VOL 8-11-21

VISITS ABROAD.

The table next presented is important in its bearing upon the migratory habits exhibited by the several races. It shows, by years in the United States and race, the visits abroad made by foreignborn male employees:

TABLE 220.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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The table shows that of the 29,856 foreign-born male employees in the locality, for whom information was obtained, only 17.6 per cent have made one or more visits abroad. Of these races, the Scotch and North Italians, each with 28.7 per cent who have made 1 or more visits abroad, show the largest proportion and the Lithuanians, the smallest, or 7.1 per cent.

Of those who have been in the United States under five years, 10.9 per cent, as compared with 21.4 per cent of those with a residence. of from five to nine years and 21.8 per cent of those with a residence of ten years or over, report 1 or more visits abroad. No Bohemians and Moravians, and less than 10 per cent of the Welsh, Lithuanians, Finns, Swedes, Poles, Irish, Greeks, Russians, and English with a residence of less than five years in the United States, have made 1 or more visits abroad. The largest proportion, or 20.5 per cent, in this period of residence is shown by the North Italians. As regards those who have been in the United States from five to nine years the Greeks, with 37.1 per cent reporting 1 or more visits abroad, show the largest proportion, and the Welsh, with 8.6 per cent, the smallest. Following the Greeks are the South Italians, Scotch, Roumanians, English, and North Italians, in the order named. Of

those who have been in the United States ten years or over, the Roumanians, 60 per cent of whom report 1 or more visits abroad, show a considerably larger proportion than that shown by any other race, while the smallest proportion, or 7.8 per cent, is shown by the Poles. Following the Roumanians are the Greeks, with 46.2 per

cent.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR HOUSE

HOLDS.

The two tables next presented classify the ages of the iron and steel workers and the members of their households. The first table submitted shows, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons in the households studied who were in each age group:

TABLE 221.—Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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TABLE 221.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household-Continued.

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Of the 3,821 persons reporting complete information in the foregoing table, 28.4 per cent are from 20 to 29 years of age and 20.4 per cent are under 6 years of age. Of the males reporting information the largest proportion are between the ages of 20 and 29. The next largest proportion is shown by those who are from 30 to 44 years of age. The foreign-born North Italian males have a larger proportion under 6 years of age than any other race. The proportion of second rank is shown by the South Italians and the smallest proportion of persons who are below 6 years of age is exhibited by the Germans. The Bohemian and Moravian and Irish are the only races which show a proportion in excess of 10 per cent of persons 16 to 19 years of age. Of the foreign-born, none of the Servian males reporting are 45 years of age or over, the Germans, of whom 18.5 per cent are in that group, showing the largest proportion.

Of the females, 26.9 per cent are between the ages of 20 and 29 years. The second largest proportion is for those under 6 years of age. Of the foreign-born females a larger proportion of Poles than of any other race are below the age of 6 years. The smallest proportion shown for any race in this age group is by the Irish. No race shows a proportion as large as 10 per cent of females who are 14 and 15 years of age. None of the Servians and less than 1 per cent of the Croatians are 45 years of age or over. The Germans have the largest proportion, followed by the Irish and the Bohemians and Moravians in this age group.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race, the per cent of male employees within each specified age group.

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