ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows the yearly earnings of all males 18 years of age or over in the households studied who are working for wages. The exhibit is by general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 186.- Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

The greater proportion, or 59.2 per cent, of the total number of males 18 years of age or over earn annually less than $400. Of the foreign-born the Irish is the only race of which the greater proportion earn $400 or more. Relatively low earnings are most general among the Magyars and Servians.

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME.

The table following shows the percentage of families having a total annual income of each specified amount; also the average annual family income. The exhibit is by general nativity and race of head of family.

TABLE 187.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] Per cent of families having a total income

Under Under Under Under Under $300. $500. $750. $1,000. $1,500.

Number

General nativity and race of head of of family.

selected families.a

Average
family
income.

From the above table it appears that $647 is the average yearly income of the 700 families covered by this inquiry. The average for families whose heads are foreign-born is slightly below this amount, and that of families whose heads are native-born of native father considerably above it. Among the foreign-born the Roumanians have the lowest percentage having incomes under $1,000, the Croatians the lowest of those whose income is below $750, the Germans the lowest percentage of those below $500 and below $300, and the Magyars have the largest proportion of families with annual incomes under $200.

WIVES AT WORK.

The next table enumerates the wives who were employed outside the home. The exhibit is by general nativity and race of head of family: TABLE 188.-Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS )

Of the 699 wives concerning whom information was obtained in this locality, 1.7 per cent are at work. As between the foreign-born wives and those native-born of native father, it will be noted that a very much larger proportion of the latter than the former are at work. Of the foreign-born wives at work the Germans report a very much larger proportion than do the Servians, who in turn report a much larger proportion of wives at work than do the Irish or Roumanians.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows the yearly earnings of females 18 years of age or over working for wages, by general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 189. Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

Among the females 18 years of age or over working for wages, the average yearly earnings were $230. The women native-born of native father have the maximum average yearly earnings of $280, and the greater number of this nativity group earn under $400. Foreignborn women show average earnings of $164 per year, and all but 2 of this nativity group earn under $200. The women native-born of foreign father average $235 annually, and the greater number earn less than $300.

RELATION BETWEEN THE EARNINGS OF HUSBANDS AND THE PRACTICE OF WIVES OF KEEPING BOARDERS OR LODGERS.

The tables next presented show the number and percentage of families in which the wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, according to yearly earnings of husband and general nativity and race of head of family.

TABLE 190.-Number of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family.

• For selection of families, see Vol. II, p. 272. Of the selected families only those which have both husband and wife present appear in this table.

This column includes 11 families in which husbands' earnings are reported as "none."
This column includes 4 families in which husbands' earnings are reported as "none."

TABLE 191.-Per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or
lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family.
(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

(This table includes only races with 20 or more selected families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. For selection of families, see Vol. II, p. 272. The families here represented are only those where both husband and wife are present.]

This column includes 4 families in which husbands' earnings are reported as "none."
Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The total figures of these tables show 58.2 per cent of wives working or keeping boarders or lodgers whose husbands' annual earnings are under $400, while 59.5 per cent of those whose husbands' incomes are above $400 but less than $600, and 42.1 per cent of the wives of husbands earning $600 or over a year, are similarly engaged. A general total of 55.3 per cent of all wives, regardless of husbands' income, are working or keeping boarders or lodgers. In all cases there is a higher percentage of wives in foreign-born families thus employed than in those native-born.

Of the foreign races where the husbands' income is under $400, the Croatians lead with 92.9 per cent of the wives employed or keeping boarders or lodgers, while the Irish show the smallest proportion, having but 9.1 per cent. Two races, Roumanian and Servian, have each 100 per cent of wives employed or keeping boarders or lodgers where the husband earns between $400 and $600 annually. Under the column designating husbands with incomes over $600, whose wives are working or keeping boarders or lodgers, it is noticed that no Irish are reported, but 100 per cent is shown for the Roumanians.

Regardless of income of husband, more Roumanian wives are employed or keeping boarders or lodgers than are those of any other race, while the Irish have the smallest representation in this respect. More than 80 per cent of Servian and Croatian wives work or keep boarders or lodgers. More than 70 per cent of the South Italian wives are wage-earners or keep boarders or lodgers. The German percentage is 61.5, and with the North Italians, Poles, and Magyars, the figure is between 50 and 60 per cent, while of the Slovaks there are 39 per cent, and the Irish come last, with 7.7 per cent of wives working or keeping boarders or lodgers.

SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME.

The table next submitted shows the percentage of families having an income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.