Of the 10,156 males studied in the preceding table, 30 per cent are fully naturalized and 10.9 per cent have first naturalization papers, making a total of 40.9 per cent who have either become citizens or who have manifested a desire to attain citizenship. The races of older immigration, or the English, French, German, Irish, Scotch, Swedish, and Welsh, show larger proportions fully naturalized than the races of more recent immigration from southern and eastern Europe. The Finns head the races of recent immigration in point of citizenship, while the Servians show the smallest proportion. The Swedes, followed by the Greeks and French, show the largest and the Servians the smallest proportion who have secured only their first naturalization papers.

The table next submitted exhibits the progress of the foreign-born employees toward citizenship after designated periods of residence in this country.

TABLE 151.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

From the above table it appears that of the individuals for whom information was secured, 4.5 per cent of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years and 56 per cent of those who have been here ten years or over are fully naturalized, and 11.4 per cent of those who have been in this country from five to nine years and 10.3 per cent of those who have been here ten years or over have first papers only. The proportion of individuals in the United States from five to nine years who are fully naturalized is largest for the Irish and smallest for the Lithuanians, and the proportion having first papers only is largest for the Swedes and smallest for the Ser

vians. Among employees with a period of residence of ten years or over the proportion of fully naturalized employees is largest for the Scotch and smallest for the Servians; and the proportion of individuals having first papers only is largest for the Poles and smallest for the Irish. It will be noted that the proportion of fully naturalized individuals increases, in the case of every race, with length of residence in the United States, the increase being in most cases very great.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The table next presented shows, by race, the proportion of 32,883 employees of foreign birth and of non-English-speaking races who speak English:

TABLE 152.—Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

Upon information obtained for 32,883 foreign-born male employees in this locality it will be noted that 52.4 per cent speak English. The Swedes, Germans, and French show large proportions who speak English, while the low proportions are shown by the Macedonians, Bulgarians, and Russians.

The relatively greater progress of younger, as compared with older' immigrants is shown by the following table, which exhibits, by age at time of coming to the United States and race, the per cent of foreignborn male employees who speak English at the present time:

TABLE 153.—Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of those who were under 14 years of age at time of arrival in the United States 95.3 per cent now speak English, as compared with 50.2 per cent of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of their arrival in this country.

Wherever a comparison is possible it will be seen that in each instance the proportion under 14 years who now speak English is in excess of the proportion shown by those 14 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States. All of the Bohemians and Moravians, Finns, French, Russians, Slovenians, and Swedes who were under 14 years of age at time of coming now speak English. The lowest proportion, on the other hand, is shown by the Greeks. Of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming the Swedes, 96.3 per cent of whom now speak English, show a larger proportion than the Germans and a much larger proportion than any other race, the Russians, with 27.1 per cent who now speak English, showing the lowest proportion. It is in the case of this last-mentioned race that the most marked difference is noted between those who were under 14 and those who were 14 years of age or over.

Progress in acquiring the use of the English language is exhibited in the table next submitted, which shows, by years in the United States and race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees of non-English-speaking races who are able to speak English:

TABLE 154.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

Of the 32,883 males included in the preceding table 52.4 per cent speak English. Each of the several races shows that the proportion who speak English increases with the period of residence in the United States, the Swedes reporting the largest and the Russians the smallest proportion of those who have been in the United States under five years as well as of those with a residence of from five to nine years, while the Roumanians have the largest and the Russians again the smallest proportion of those able to speak English who have been in this country ten years or over.