Of the total foreign-born the lowest average rent per month per person is shown for the Birmingham district in the South, closely followed by Community D in the East. Community E in the Middle West and Community C in the East show the same average rent per month per person for the total foreign-born.

The standard of living both of the native-born of native father and of all native-born is considerably higher in all localities than that of the foreign-born. The native-born more nearly approach the standard of living of the foreign-born in the South and the nativeborn of foreign father in Community D in the East. In Community C in the East the native-born of foreign father, indicate a very much higher standard than do the foreign-born. Considering the East, the Irish, both of the first and second generation, show a much higher rent payment per month per person in Community C than in Community D or the Pittsburg district. None of this race, either native or foreign born, is shown in Community E in the Middle West or the Birmingham district. Among the foreign-born the several races follow the same general tendencies as the average shown for the total.

In addition to the averages shown in the preceding tables a series of tabulations have also been prepared exhibiting the range in rent payments per month per apartment, per room, and per person. The first table in this connection, which is submitted below, shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per apartment.

TABLE 72.—Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per apartment, by general nativity and race of head of household

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

In the preceding table the greatest proportion of the 1,947 households studied pay less than $7.50 monthly for the rent of apartments, a large proportion paying less than $5 and a very small proportion $15 or over. Of the foreign-born, the majority of the Bulgarian, French, Greek, South Italian, Polish, Slovak, and Magyar households pay less than $7.50 monthly per apartment. The majority of the Germans, Irish, North Italians, and Ruthenians pay less than $10 rent per month per apartment, while equal proportions of the Servians pay $10 or over and less than $10. On the other hand, the greater number of the Croatian, Roumanian, and Slovenian households have a monthly rental per apartment of $10. The majority of households whose heads were native-born whites, both of native-born and foreign father, pay $7.50 or over per month per apartment, while none of the negroes pay $10 or over.

The table next presented shows the percentage of households showing each specified rent payment per month per room, according to general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 73.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

From the data presented in the above table it appears that only a very small proportion of all the households for which information was secured pay rent at a rate of less than $1 per month per room, and that 41.7 per cent of all the households pay under $2, 79.5 per cent under $3, and 95.2 per cent under $4. A much larger proportion of the households of persons native-born of foreign father than of the households of the foreign-born pay under $2 and under $3, respectively, while all of the former, as against 94.4 per cent of the latter,

48296°-voL 8-11-8

pay under $4. In the case of the households of persons native-born of native father, all the households, both white and negro, pay under $4 a month. Of the households of persons native-born of Irish father, 81.3 per cent pay under $2 and 96.9 per cent under $3, while all the households of this group pay under $4 per month per room.

Of the households the heads of which were foreign-born the Slovenians, Irish, French, and Germans, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and the Greeks and the Roumanians the smallest proportion paying under $2 per month per room, and the Slovenians, Irish, Greeks, and French, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and the Bulgarians, Roumanians, and Magyars the smallest proportion of households paying under $3. All of the German, Irish, North Italian, Ruthenian, and Slovenian households, and over 95 per cent of the French, Greek, South Italian, and Polish households, pay under $4 per month per room. The smallest proportion of households paying under $4 a month, or 77.8 per cent, is reported for the Bulgarians. It will be noted that the monthly rental per room is in general higher in the households of the races of recent immigration from southern and eastern Europe than in the households the heads of which were native-born or of the races of old immigration from northern Europe and Great Britain. This showing should be compared with that of the following in order that the full significance of the bearing of rent payments upon the standard of living may be grasped:

This table shows the percentage of households paying each specified rent per month per person, by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 74.—Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per person, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

In the preceding table, of a total of 1,947 households, 29.4 per cent pay less than $1 rent monthly per capita, and small proportions pay $2 to $3, $3 to $4, and $4 or over. Of the foreign-born, 31.7 per cent have a rent payment less than $1 per person per month, 51 per cent from $1 to $2, and only small proportions, $2 or over. Of the households the heads of which were whites, native-born of native father, 41.2 per cent pay a rent of $1 but less than $2 monthly per capita, and proportions ranging from 9.4 per cent to 21.2 per cent pay less than $1, $4 or over, $3 but under $4, and $2 but under $3 in the order given. Of the households whose heads were negroes, native-born of native father, 46.2 per cent have a per capita rent payment of $1 but less than $2 monthly, 27.7 per cent $2 but less than $3.

It will be noticed that the majority of the households of each race the heads of which were foreign-born report less than $2 monthly rent per capita. Only three races, however, the Ruthenians, Roumanians, and Greeks, show a greater proportion paying less than $1 monthly rent per person, their proportions ranging, in the order given, from 46.2 per cent to 62.5 per cent. The lowest proportion is reported by the North Italian households, 7.7 per cent of which average less than $1 monthly rent per person.

Of the foreign households paying $1 but less than $2 the proportions of Slovenians, Bulgarians, Servians, Magyars, Croatians, Poles and North Italians range, in the order given, from 50 per cent to 74.4 per cent. Over 40 per cent of the households the heads of which are French, Irish, Ruthenians, Slovaks, Germans, and_South Italians pay $1 but less than $2 monthly per capita. Of the Ruthenians, 46.1 per cent report in this group and a slightly higher proportion report less than $1 monthly rate per capita. Except in the case of the French and the Irish, but a small proportion of the foreign-born races report an average monthly personal rent per capita of $2 but less than $3. The two races named report 33.3 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively, but the other races range from none of the Greek households to 18.3 per cent of the Slovaks.

BOARDERS AND LODGERS.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 75.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

From the data presented in the above table it appears that boarders or lodgers are kept in 37.3 per cent of all the households for which information was secured. Of all the households the heads of which were foreign-born 41.5 per cent keep boarders or lodgers as compared with 12 per cent of the households the heads of which were nativeborn of foreign father, 10.2 per cent of the households the heads of which were native whites born of native father and 4.1 per cent of the negro households. Among the foreign-born, the proportion of households keeping boarders or lodgers is largest for the Servians, who are followed, in the order of descending percentages, by the Roumanians, Croatians, Ruthenians, Magyars, Slovenians, and North Italians. The proportion reported for the Servians is 92.8 per cent, while that reported for the North Italians is 52.6 per cent. None of