32. Chart: Index of freight-car loadings for year 1919 to 1938.
Supported by statistical data on p. 211 in appendix...
33. Chart: Nonagricultural employment in the United States
for years 1929 to 1938. Supported by statistical data
on p. 211 in appendix.........
34. Chart: Employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing
industries for years 1919 to 1938. Supported by sta-
tistical data on p. 213 in appendix.

35. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-durable goods for
years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p.
p. 214 in appendix_-_-

36. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-nondurable goods for years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on 216 in appendix..

37. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-locomotives for years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 218 in appendix...

38. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-lumber-sawmills for years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 218 in appendix..

39. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-cement for years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 219 in appendix--

40. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-cotton goods for years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 220 in appendix___

41. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-cigars and cigarettes for years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 220 in appendix_-.

42. Chart: Employment and pay rolls-woolen and worsted goods for years 1923 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 221 in appendix..

43. Chart: Employment and average weekly hours in manu-
facturing, mining, and steam railroads for years 1914 to
1937. Supported by statistical data on p. 222 in ap-
pendix...

44. Chart: Average weekly earnings, average hours worked per
week, and average hourly earnings in all manufacturing
industries for years 1932 to 1938. Supported by statis-
tical data on p. 222 in appendix...
45. Chart: Output per man-hour in manufacturing; bitumi-
nous-coal mining; anthracite mining, for years 1909
to 1937; and for steam railroads for years 1914 to 1937.
Supported by statistical data on p. 223 in appendix----
46. Chart: Real wages in manufacturing, mining, and steam
railroads for years 1919 to 1937. Supported by statis-
tical data on p. 223 in appendix - - -

47. Tabulation: Estimated average costs of food, clothing,
rent, fuel, light, housefurnishing goods, and miscella-
ous of low-salaried workers in 32 cities for years 1913 to
1937__

48. Chart: Estimated number of unemployed by sex and age.
Supported by statistical data on p. 224 in appendix.........
49. Chart: Estimated net total number of households and
persons receiving relief, and emergency employment on
Federal work programs for years 1933 to 1938. Sup-
ported by statistical data on p. 224 in appendix_-
50. Chart: Estimated total funds used for relief and work
programs for years 1933 to 1938. Supported by statis-
tical data on p. 225 in appendix...

Number and summary of exhibits

51. Chart: Persons employed by Federal Government and on
work programs for years 1933 to 1938. Supported by
statistical data on p. 225 in appendix...
52. Chart: Number of total listed business concerns, new
enterprises, and concerns discontinued, for years 1900 to
1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 227 in appen-
dix....

53. Chart: Length of survival of business concerns of Pough-
keepsie, N. Y., for years 1843 to 1926_-

54. Chart: Number of corporations and partnerships for years 1909 to 1936. Supported by statistical data on p. 228 in appendix

55. Chart: Importance of corporate activity by branches of industry for year 1937.

56. Chart: Distribution of employees and employers by size
of business concern, July-December 1937. Supported
by statistical data on p. 229 in appendix.

57. Chart: Size of corporations by assets in 1935-no consoli-
dated returns. Supported by statistical data on p. 229
in appendix.
58. Chart: Size of corporations by assets in 1935, excluding
financial companies. Supported by statistical data on
p. 230 in appendix....

59. Chart: Assets of large corporations of $5,000,000 and over
showing percentage of total industry by types for year
1935. Supported by statistical data on p. 230 in appendix-
60. Chart: Assets of large manufacturing corporations of
$5,000,000 and over showing percentage of total indus-
try by types for year 1935. Supported by statistical
data on p. 231 in appendix...

61. Chart: The glass industry and its subdivisions for 1936.
62. Chart: New private residential and nonresidential build-
ing activity in the United States for years 1915 to 1938.
Supported by statistical data on p. 231 in appendix_-
63. Chart: New railroad and highway construction activity
in the United States for years 1915 to 1937. Supported
by statistical data on p. 232 in appendix_-
64. Chart: Production of steel castings for nine plants for
June of each year from 1927 to 1938. Supported by
statistical data on p. 232 in appendix---

65. Chart: Portland cement production for nine mills for June
of each year from 1925 to 1938. Supported by statisti-
cal data on p. 233 in appendix_--

66. Chart: Coke production for nine plants for June of each year from 1925 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 233 in appendix...

67. Chart: Flour production for nine mills for June of each year from 1927 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 234 in appendix.. -

68. Chart: Employment for fifteen plants in the rubber tire and tube industry for June of each year from 1923 to 1936. Supported by statistical data on p. 234 in appendix.... 69. From the National Recovery Administration, report of the President's Committee of Industrial Analysis, Feb. 17, 1937, pages 204 and 205...

70. Chart: Comparison of leading manufacturing industries for years 1899 and 1929..

Number and summary of exhibits

Intro- Appears

duced at page

on

page

71. Chart: Independent retail-store population for years 1915 and 1935 from 32 county-seat towns. Supported by statistical data on p. 235 in appendix.

72. Chart: Seasonality of industrial operations for nine industries over a period of twelve months. Supported by statistical data on p. 236 in appendix..

73. Summary of analysis of trade-practice provisions in N. R. A. Codes___

74. Chart: Importance of chain-store sales as shown by cer-
tain selected types of business for year 1935..
75. Chart: Number of wagons, buggies, passenger cars, and
trucks produced during years 1900-37.
statistical data on p. 237 in appendix..

Supported by

76. Chart: Production of fuels for years 1870-1937. Supported by statistical data on p. 238 in appendix

77. Chart: Sugar produced in and imported to United States
for years 1870-1937. Supported by statistical data on
p. 240 in appendix_-

78. Duplicate of Exhibit No. 29. Chart: Textile fiber con-
sumption (wool, silk, cotton, rayon) by United States
manufacturers for years 1870-1937.
statistical data on p. 241 in appendix..

Supported by

79. Chart: Percentage distribution, by types of employment
of gainfully occupied persons 16 years of age and over.
Supported by statistical data on p. 243 in appendix.
80. Chart: National income produced 1919-37, by economic
divisions. Supported by statistical data on p. 243 in
appendix..

81. Chart: National income produced 1919-37, by commodity-
producing division. Supported by statistical data on
p. 244 in appendix -

82. Chart: National income produced 1919-37-commodityhandling division. Supported by statistical data on p. 244 in appendix..

83. Chart: National income produced 1919-37-service divisions. Supported by statistical data on p. 245 in appendix. 84. Chart: Sources of national income for years 1919-21 and 1935-37.

85. Chart: Applications filed and patents issued for years 18361937. Supported by statistical data on p. 245 in appendix

86. Duplicate of Exhibit No. 18. Chart: Output of nondurable, as compared with durable commodities, for years 1879-1933. Supported by statistical data on p. 246 in appendix...

87. Chart: Production of durable and nondurable manufactured products for years 1929 to 1938. Supported by statistical data on p. 247 in appendix.

88. Chart: United States foreign trade in merchandise for years 1919 to 1937. Supported by statistical data on p. 248 in appendix...

89. Chart: Wholesale prices-all commodities for years 1801 to 1937. Supported by statistical data on p. 249 in appendix. -

Number and summary of exhibits

Unnumbered. Statement of Leon Henderson in reference to preparation of his estimates of unemployment-including excerpts from the Conference Bulletin of the National Industrial Conference Board, July 30, 1938_.

Unnumbered. Tabulation: Persons 10 years of age and over,
number in total population and number gain-
fully occupied; by sex and age, 1930, continental
United States..

Unnumbered. Tabulation: Estimated number of persons in the
United States, in each functional class, by sex,
November 1937...

The Temporary National Economic Committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:30 a. m., in the caucus room of the Senate Office Building, Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney, presiding.

Present: Senators O'Mahoney (chairman), King, Borah, Representatives Sumners, Reece, Eicher; Messrs. Lubin, Hinrichs, Douglas, Frank, Patterson, Arnold, Berge, Ferguson, Davis, Oliphant, Peoples, Henderson.

Present also: Directors of studies, Dr. Willard Thorp, Commerce; Mr. Hugh B. Cox, Justice; Mr. Willis J. Ballinger, Federal Trade Commission; Mr. Thomas C. Blaisdell, Securities and Exchange Commission; Mr. J. J. O'Connell, Treasury; Miss Aryness Joy, Labor.

STATEMENT BY SENATOR O'MAHONEY

The CHAIRMAN. I will call the meeting to order.

At the beginning of this, the first public session of the Temporary National Economic Committee, which was formally established by resolution of Congress, approved June 16, 1938, it is appropriate that there should be incorporated in the record, first, the message of the President recommending the study which is now in progress, and second, the text of the resolution itself.

I offer these documents so that there may be, at the outset, a clear understanding of the nature and the function of this committee as well as of the purpose for which it was called into existence.

(The documents referred to were marked "Exhibits Nos. 1 and 2" and are included in the appendix on pp. 185 and 192.)

The CHAIRMAN. The President, in his message, declared thatGenerally over the field of industry and finance we must revive and strengthen competition if we wish to preserve and make workable our traditional system of free private enterprise.

To accomplish this purpose, the President, in his message, recommended first, an increased appropriation to enable the Department of Justice to enforce more effectively existing antitrust laws; and, second, a comprehensive study of concentration in industry, of industrial price policies and of existing Government policies, and their effect upon trade and commerce.

With the first of these recommendations-the better enforcement of existing antitrust laws-this committee has nothing to do. Law