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(c) Availability of color standards. The USDA Orange Juice Color Standards cited in this section are official color standards which may also be applied to other orange juices. Information regarding these color standards, and their availability, may be obtained from: Processed Products Standardization and Inspection Branch,

Fruit and Vegetable Division,
Consumer and Marketing Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C. 20250.

(d) (A) Classification. Canned concentrated orange juice of which the reconstituted juice possesses a very good color may be given a score of 36 to 40 points. "Very good color” means a very good yellow to yellow-orange color that is bright and typical of rich-colored orange juice. Canned concentrated orange juice that meets this criterion may be assigned score points in accordance with the following schedule:

As compared with USDA Orange
Juice Color Standards:

Equal to or better than USDA
OJ 2-----

Equal to or better than USDA
OJ 3----

Much better than USDA OJ 4---
Equal to or slightly better than
USDA OJ 4-----.
Equal to or better than USDA
OJ 5---.

Score

40 points

39 points 38 points

37 points

36 points

(e) (C) Classification. If the reconstituted juice possesses a fairly good color, a score of 32 to 35 points may be given. Canned concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly good color" means that the reconstituted juice may be slightly amber or very light in color and may show evidence of slight browning but is not off color for any reason. Canned concentrated orange juice that meets this criterion may be assigned score points in accordance with the following schedule:

As compared with USDA Orange
Juice Color Standards:

Better than USDA OJ 6, not as

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Score

35 points 34 points

Not as good as USDA OJ 6------ 33 or 32 points

(f) (SStd.) Classification. If the reconstituted juice fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section a score of 0 to 31 points may be given. Canned concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule).

§ 52.2258 Defects.

(a) General. The factor of defects concerns the degree of freedom from small seeds and portions thereof; from discolored specks, white flakes, harmless extraneous material, and other similar defects; from recoverable oil; and from juice sacs and particles of membrane, core, and peel in excess of that normally present in orange juice.

(b) Definitions—(1) Small seeds and portions thereof. "Small seeds and portions thereof" means seed, whether fully developed or not, and particles of seed that could pass readily through round perforations 1⁄2 inch (3.2 mm.) in diameter.

(2) Recoverable oil. "Recoverable oil" means oil recoverable by the method outlined in this subpart.

(c) (A) classification. Canned concentrated orange juice of which the reconstituted juice is practically free from defects may be given a score of 18 to 20 points. “Practically free from defects" means that any combination of defects present may no more than slightly detract from the appearance or drinking quality of the juice. To score in this classification the canned concentrated orange juice shall contain a trace but not more than 0.0028 milliliter of recoverable oil per degree Brix value per 100 grams of the concentrate.

(d) (C) classification. If the reconstituted juice is reasonably free from defects, a score of 16 or 17 points may be given. Canned concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Reasonably free from defects" means that any combination of defects present may not seriously detract from the appearance or drinking quality of the juice. To score in this classification the canned concentrated

orange juice may contain not more than 0.0034 milliliter of recoverable oil per

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(a) (A) Classification. Canned concentrated orange juice of which the reconstituted juice possesses good flavor may be given a score of 36 to 40 points. "Good flavor” means a distinct orange juice flavor, typical of reconstituted orange juice from properly processed and concentrated orange juice. To score in this classification the concentrate shall meet the following limits for the respective style:

(1) Without sweetener. Brix value to acid ratio—not less than 11.5 to 1 nor more than 18 to 1.

(2) With sweetener. Brix value to acid ratio—not less than 12.0 to 1 nor more than 18 to 1.

(b) (C) Classification. If the reconstituted juice possesses a fairly good flavor, a score of 32 to 35 points may be given. Canned concentrated

orange

juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly good flavor” mean that the flavor is normal for reconstituted canned concentrated orange juice and may have a slightly caramelized or slightly oxidized flavor but is free from abnormal flavors and off flavors of any kind. To score in this classification the canned concentrated orange juice shall meet the following requirements for the respective style:

(1) Without sweetener. Brix value to acid ratio not less than 9.5 to 1 nor more than 20 to 1.

(2) With sweetener. Brix value to acid ratio-not less than 10 to 1 nor more than 20 to 1.

(c) (SStd.) Classification. If the canned concentrated orange juice fails to meet the requirements of paragraph

(b) of this section, a score of 0 to 31 points may be given, canned concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule).

EXPLANATIONS AND METHODS OF ANALYSES § 52.2260 Definitions of terms and methods of analyses.

(a) Reconstituted juice. "Reconstituted juice" means the product obtained by thoroughly mixing the concentrate with the amount of water prescribed on the label or other appropriate directions.

(b) Reconstitutes properly. "Reconstitutes properly" means that the concentrate goes into solution readily; and that in approximately 250 ml. of the reconstituted juice, after standing four (4) hours at a temperature of not less than 68 degrees Fahrenheit in a clear glass cylinder (approximately 14 inches (3 cm.) in diameter), there may be a noticeable separation of suspended matter but any resulting zone of greater clarity shall be definitely turbid and not clear or transparent.

(c) Acid. "Acid" means the percent by weight of total acidity, calculated as anhydrous citric acid. Total acidity is determined by titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator.

(d) Brix value. "Brix value" in canned concentrated orange juice is the refractometric sucrose value determined in accordance with the "International Scale of Refractive Indices of Sucrose Solutions" and to which the applicable correction for acid is added (see Table I of this subpart for corrections). measurement of Brix value is determined on the concentrate in accordance with the refractometric method for sugars and sugar products, outlined in the "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists."

The

(e) Brix value-acid ratio. The Brix value of the concentrate in degrees Brix value-acid ratio is the ratio of the Brix to the grams of anhydrous citric acid per 100 grams of concentrate.

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(1) Reagents.

Standard bromide-bromate solution-prepared and standardized to 0.099N in accordance with Chapter 42, Standard Solutions in the current edition of the AOAC. For use, add 1 volume of standard solution to 3 volumes of water to make 0.0247N solution. 1 ml. of 0.0247N solution supplies bromine to react with 0.00085g., or 0.0010 ml., of dlimonene. The solutions are stable for 6 months.

2-Propanol-Reagent grade ACS (American Chemical Society).

Dilute hydrochloric acid-prepared by adding 1 volume of concentrated acid to 2 volumes of water.

Methyl orange indicator-0.1 percent in water.

(2) Apparatus.

Electric heater-with recessed refractory top, 500-750 watts.

Still, all glass-500 ml. distillation flask with 24/40 standard taper neck; 200 mm.

1 "AOAC" refers to the Official Methods of Analysis published by the Association of Official Analytical (formerly Agricultural) Chemists. Copies may be obtained from this Association at Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044.

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(1) Pipette 25 ml. of well-mixed sample (juice or reconstituted juice) into the distillation flask containing carborundum chips or glass beads, and add 25 ml. of 2-Propanol.

(li) Distill into a 150 ml. beaker. Continue distilling until solvent ceases to reflux then remove the flask from the heater.

(iii) Add 10 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 drop of indicator. (An alternative method would be to prepare a solution containing 5 ml. of indicator and 1,000 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid-then add 10 ml. of this acid-indicator mix to the 150 ml. beaker.)

(iv) Titrate with the dilute bromate solution while stirring. The major portion of the titrant may be added rapidly, but the endpoint must be approached at about 1 drop per second. Disappearance of color indicates the endpoint.

(v) Determine

the reagent blank by titrating three separate mixtures of 25 ml. 2-Propanol and 10 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid with indicator-without refilling the burette. Divide the total ml. of titrant used by three to obtain the average blank. Subtract the average blank thus obtained from the ml. of titrant used to titrate the distillate.

(vi) Multiply the remainder by 0.004 to obtain the percent recoverable oil by volume in the juice sample.

(vii) The ml. of recoverable oil per degree Brix value per 100 grams of the concentrate is determined as follows:

ml. recoverable oil per degree Brix value per 100 grams concentrate=[% recoverable oil by volume in the reconstituted juice] 0.089.

[29 F.R. 15360, Nov. 17, 1964, as amended at 33 F.R. 11885, Aug. 22, 1968]

LOT COMPLIANCE

§ 52.2261 Ascertaining the grade of a lot.

The grade of a lot of canned concentrated orange juice covered by these standards is determined by the procedures set forth in the Regulations Governing Inspection and Certification of Processed Fruits and Vegetables, Processed Products Thereof, and Certain Other Processed Food Products (§§ 52.1 to 52.87).

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(a) "Canned peas" means the canned product prepared from clean, sound, shelled, succulent peas as such product is defined in the Standards of Identity for Canned Peas (21 CFR 51.1) issued pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

§ 52.2282 Types of canned peas.

(a) "Early peas" means canned succulent peas of Alaska or other smooth skin varieties.

(b) "Sweet peas" means canned succulent peas of sweet, wrinkled varieties. § 52.2283 Grades of canned peas.

(a) "U.S. Grade A" or "U.S. Fancy" is the quality of canned peas that possess similar varietal characteristics; that

possess a good flavor; that possess a good liquor; that possess a good color; that are practically free from defects; that are tender; and that for those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 90 points: Provided, That the canned peas may possess a reasonably good liquor or a fairly good liquor; and may possess a reasonably good color if the total score is not less than 90 points.

(b) "U. S. Grade B" or "U. S. Extra Standard" is the quality of canned peas that possess similar varietal characteristics; that possess a good flavor; that possess a reasonably good liquor; that possess a reasonably good color; that are reasonably free from defects; that are reasonably tender; and that for those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 80 points: Provided, That the canned peas may possess a fairly good liquor and a fairly good color if the total score is not less than 80 points.

(c) "U. S. Grade C" or "U. S. Standard" is the quality of canned peas that possess similar varietal characteristics; that possess a fairly good flavor; that possess a fairly good liquor; that possess a fairly good color; that are fairly free from defects; that are fairly tender; and that for those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 70 points.

(d) "Substandard" is the quality of canned peas that fail to meet the requirements of U. S. Grade C or U. S. Standard and that may or may not meet the Standard of Quality for Canned Peas issued pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 CFR 51.3). The standard is as follows: If the container is so filled that, when the peas and liquid are removed from the container and returned thereto, the leveled peas (irrespective of the quantity of the liquid), 15 seconds after they are so returned completely fill the container. A container with lid attached by double seam shall be considered to be completely filled when it is filled to the level 36 inch vertical distance below the top of the double seam; and a glass container shall be considered to be completely filled when it is filled to the level 1⁄2 inch vertical distance below the top of the container. Canned peas that do not meet this requirement are "Below Standard in Fill."

§ 52.2285 Sizes of peas.

For the purpose of these grades, the sizes of peas are not considered in ascertaining the quality of the product except for the factor of defects in determining pieces of peas. The size of a pea is determined on the basis of the diameter of the circular opening (s) through which the pea will pass or will not pass without force or pressure. The size designations applicable to peas in canned peas and the diameters as aforesaid are shown in Table No. I of this section.

TABLE NO. I-SIZES OF PEAS IN CANNED PEAS

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(b) "Good flavor" means that the product has a good characteristic normal flavor and odor for the maturity and is free from objectionable flavors and objectionable odors of any kind.

(c) "Fairly good flavor” means that the product may be lacking in good characteristic normal flavor and odor but is free from objectionable flavors and objectionable odors of any kind. § 52.2287 Ascertaining the rating for the factors which are scored.

The essential variations within each factor which is scored are so described that the value may be ascertained for each factor and expressed numerically. The numerical range within each factor which is scored is inclusive. (For example, "27 to 30 points" means 27, 28, 29, or 30 points.)

§ 52.2288 Liquor.

(a) (A) classification. Canned peas that possess a good liquor may be given a score of 9 or 10 points. "Good liquor” means that the color of the liquor is typical, may possess a slight cloudiness or slight tint of green, that not more than a slight quantity of suspended material or sediments may be present, and that the liquor is not viscous.

(b) (B) classification. If the canned peas possess a reasonably good liquor, a score of 8 points may be given. "Reasonably good liquor" means that the liquor may be cloudy but not off color; that not more than a moderate quantity of suspended material or sediment may be present and that the liquor may be not more than slightly viscous.

(c) (C) classification. If the canned peas possess a fairly good liquor, a score of 7 points may be given. "Fairly good liquor" means the liquor may be very cloudy, may possess a pronounced accumulation of sediment, may be dull but

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