H.R. 9312 introduced by Congressman Lloyd Meeds, and others, will give effect to our resolution.

I would appreciate you including our resolution in the permanent record of the hearings presently being conducted by your subcommittee on this subject. Sincerely yours,

HERALD E. STRINGER, Director.

FIFTIETH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONVENTION, THE AMERICAN LEGION, NEW ORLEANS, LA., SEPTEMBER 10-12, 1968

RESOLUTION NO. 158

Committee: Child Welfar.

Subject: More effective control of narcotics and dangerous drugs.

Whereas, the American Legion has for many years provided local and national leadership in promoting legislation to control manufacturing, distribution and sale of narcotics and dangerous drugs; and

Whereas, The illegel traffic in these products continues to be a problem in the United States; and

Whereas, During recent months a new drug problem, the use of LSD and other hallucinogens, including marihuana, has become apparent; and

Whereas, There is increasing clinical evidence that LSD is related to development of leukemia and chromosome disease; Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, By The American Legion in National Convention assembled in New Orleans, Louisiana, September 10, 11 and 12, 1968, That The American Legion support educational efforts to rid this country of the problems involving the use of narcotics, dangerous drugs, hallucinogens and marihuana; and, be it

Further resolved, That state and federal legislation should be amended to enable more effective control over the manufacture, distribution, and sale of these products, including mandatory penalties for illicit traffickers in these substances.

STATEMENT OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Mr. Chairman, the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association welcomes the opportunity to submit a statement for the record on the hearings conducted by your Subcommittee on the subject of drug abuse education.

The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association is a voluntary, non-profit trade association composed of some 125 companies engaged in the development and production of prescription drug products. These firms produce about 95% of the prescription drugs made and sold in the United States, and approximately 50% of global prescription drug sales.

PMA members have facilities in 44 states and have more than 121,000 employees in the United States, of which a high percentage are scientists and research specialists. Our member companies are significantly engaged in pharmaceutical research, and are primarily responsible for making available the great number of life-saving and life-sustaining medicines that have come into use during the past 30 years. They have an annual domestic payroll of more than $900,000,000 and pay taxes of approximately $510,000,000 anually to federal, state, and local governments. In addition, PMA companies have substantial sales in foreign countries and operate at least 230 manufacturing facilities abroad. Our member firms vary greatly in size. Several do an annual pharmaceutical business of less than $200,000, while others have drug sales of $100 million or more. Approximately one-half of the PMA membership would qualify as “small business" as that term is defined by the Small Business Administration.

Many of the products manufactured by our members are drugs which are the subject of legislative proposals curerntly being considered by the Congress. It is tragic and unfortunate that some of these products, developed and intended soley for the use of practicing physicians in the treatment of their patients, are being misused for non-medical purposes. The PMA is in agreement with the view that more appropriate means of preventing their abuse and illegal use and distribution must be established. We believe, however, that means can be found which will not interfere with the right of physicians to utilize these products for necessary and legitimate patient care.

We also believe that educating the public, particularly our young people, to the dangers inherent in drug abuse is a necessary and indispensable part of any overall attack on the drug abuse problem.

For many years, the PMA and its member companies have assisted and supported Federal and state governments in their efforts to control illegal drug use and distribution. In this respect, we are singularly proud of our record in seeking or supporting new remedial legislation, both at the Federal and state levels, and in our support and promotion of educational programs on drug abuse. Attached to the statement are examples of publications distributed by the PMA and member companies, which illustrate, in part, what we have done to support enforcement programs and education in fighting the drug abuse problem. The PMA and its members share with the members of this Subcommittee a grave concern about illegal drug production and distribution and the misuse of drug products.

A recital of our past history in this area should provide the Subcommittee with an understanding of the depth of our concern. During the 1950's, the drug industry association worked actively and closely with the Congress in developing legislation which was later enacted as the Narcotics Manufacturing Act of 1960. This law is also known as the Karsten Act. In 1965, the PMA enthusiastically supported the enactment of the Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965. We had long been in the forefront of those calling for new and more vigorous and extensive controls over the manufacture, distribution, and sale of depressant and stimulant drugs. We were, therefore, pleased to see the Congress enact this wise and far-reaching legislation, heralding a new approach and a new effort to bring wrongful producers and diverters of these drugs to the bar of justice, and at the same time attempting to shut off the flow of such products into channels enabling their misuse.

Since the passage of that Act, the PMA and many of its members have been of assistance to state legislative and regulatory bodies in tightening state laws which supplement Federal laws, regulating narcotics and stimulant and depressant drugs.

As recently as last Monday, October 20, PMA representatives testified before the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency, which presently is considering bills which would codify and expand existing controls over narcotics and depressant and stimulant drugs. In connection with this proposed legislation, we have been working closely with the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and the Subcommitte staff and have suggested technical changes in the bills in an attempt to improve them and make them more effective.

In addition, we have participated in discussions with the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and other interested groups regarding development of a draft Model State bill to supplement whatever Federal bill may be enacted in this area. In addition, we have offered our assistance and cooperation to the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs in the development of regulations to supplement new Federal legislation.

As has been previously indicated, the PMA, in relation to fighting the drug abuse problem, has not limited its efforts to the legislative and regulatory areas. Our long association with educational programs designed to combat drug abuse, as well as the drug abusers, is a matter of record.

Our individual member companies, too, have meritious records of performance and achievement in association with drug abuse educational programs. Several have speakers' bureaus which have drug company representatives throughout the country presenting the facts and dangers of drug abuse to law enforcement agencies, civic associations, professional societies. PTA's and other organizations. They may also be credited with several excellent publications on the perils and evils of drug abuse, and at least one film has been produced.

The PMA's speaker service program also provides trained speakers to local community groups across the country. By far, this program receives far more requests for speakers on the topic of drug abuse than for any other. PMA staff members have been asked to make, and have made, major presentations on this subject at regional and national conventions of various associations and organizations.

At the PMA headquarters office, we answer individual requests for information about drug abuse that comes in unsolicited from such sources as police departments, state narcotics boards, representatives of community organizations, and service clubs. The materials we distribute in response to such requests include our publication "Medicinal Narcotics;" two lists-one, identification of drug abusers, and the other a reading and film list; a slide-illustrated speech; and, bibliographies of additional materials.

In May, 1969, the PMA contributed $7.500 to the Drug Abuse Public Education Program of the State of California. This effort, the first of its kind, has been

started as a result of the alarming increase in drug abuse in the State. The Governor's Office, realizing that the future of an entire generation of California youth is at stake, has enlisted the help of industry, government and private organizations in providing drug abuse education, via the mass media, to citizens of California. The program, administered by the California Medical Education and Research Foundation and the California Medical Association, will be a longterm, multi-media effort maintained throughout the State of California. Television time will be donated by the various stations which will be used to send messages timed and designed for the youth audience. Printed material will be designed to communicate with youth in their own jargon and the material presented will reflect the "facts” and not alienate the audience by going overboard with scare tactics and preaching.

All messages sent out will contain local information on whom to contact when an individual or a family is faced with a drug abuse problem. The total campaign will be a developing educational process. It begins with Phase I, which will present "the facts." Phase II will shift into high gear by presenting various action alternatives for various drug abuse problems, emphasizing the necessity to act now before the problem gets even more out of hand. Phase III will be "reminder" messages, used to reinforce the original Phase I and II messages.

The PMA is supporting this program because it feels that this approach offers a real chance of making progress in combatting the growth of drug abuse. In our conversations and correspondence with those in California who are developing the campaign, the PMA has asked that when the facts of drug abuse are presented, there will be a clear-cut distinction between the "use" and the "abuse" of drugs. We feel that confidence of the public in the use of rationally prescribed therapeutic drugs must not be undermined. These agents must continue to be readily available through prescription to those who need them. A mass media campaign that might result in depriving the public of the legitimate use of certain drugs would not be in the public interest and would be a disservice to the individuals who need such medicines and couldn't get them. The California Medical Association has assured us that they will review all public messages to insure that the distinction between "use" and "abuse" is made clear.

In July, 1969, PMA and the American School Health Association undertook a joint project to provide the first comprehensive model curriculum for drug abuse education programs in the schools of the United States. The PMA has made a grant of $25,000 to the ASHA for this purpose. The curriculum is expected to provide guidance and materials from the elementary grades through high school, with an approach that explains the values of modern drugs, their significance to mankind, the respect we must extend in using them, and finally, the nature and consequences of their abuse.

The PMA has been informed by the ASHA that there has recently been a flood of requests for curriculum materials concerning both the proper use of drugs and drug abuse. In a joint announcement of the grant by the PMA to the ASHA, it was stated: "Our educational system is gravely in need of expert assistance in the form of such a curriculum guide and authoritative materials." Together we can provide the best available talent and produce these materials as a public service.

Professionals from both organizations have already drafted a suggested curriculum and work is proceeding with the refinement of this initial plan: The PMA will supply the committee with the curriculum and supporting materials as soon as their preparation is complete. This Association feels that it is particularly gratifying to be doing something in the drug abuse education field that is both unique and directly applicable on such a scale.

In the regulatory area, the PMA supported a proposed new regulation by the Justice Department's Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs that would impose stricter controls on the sale of certain cough syrups and other medications. In essence, the regulation would establish additional controls over the sale of non-prescription narcotic-containing cough syrups, paregoric, and other such products to make sure they are used only for medicinal purposes.

In addition to supporting legislation, regulation, and assisting in these very vital education programs, the PMA has joined with other organizations in activities related to this same subject. We were cosponsors of the National Conference on Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, held last January by the National District Attorneys Association. We have already agreed to be a co-sponsor of a second and similar program planned by that organization.

We are active on the Executive Committee of the National Coordinating Council on Drug Abuse Education and Information. Through that organization, the PMA cooperates with other trade and professional groups in promoting a greater awareness of the drug abuse problem in our country.

The partial recital, set out above, of what the PMA and its members have done and are doing to combat drug abuse was included in this statement only for the purpose of informing this Subcommittee and the Congress how we are meeting our responsibility.

The PMA and its members fully realize the need for our industry's substantial participation in programs to lessen the ignorance about drug abuse that afflicts the youth of this Nation and to expose the myth that there is any attractiveness to this sickness. Our members know that, since they manufacture a number of the abused drugs, they have a special responsibility to be as certain as they possibly can that these drugs, which are extremely valuable when prescribed by doctors for the care of sick patients, are used for the therapeutic purpose intended.

We are, therefore, continually alert to additional activities we might undertake which might add to the effectiveness of the efforts to combat drug abuse.

While the PMA whole-heartedly endorses and supports, as our own experience reflects, the need for educational programs in drug abuse, we also believe most strongly that there is a great need for new Federal legislation in the drug abuse field. The attack against drug abuse must be two fold: new educational programs and new legislation. Both are needed.

We are also convinced that, with regard to both of these-educational programs and new Federal law-there must be a determined effort to enlist the cooperation of the states so that an overall effort will be concerted and unified. The problem of drug abuse is so serious that this country can't afford the luxurys of diverse. conflicting or contradictory regulation being espoused by the states.

This Subcommittee should be commended for its interest and efforts in creating in the American people a greater awareness of the dangers of drug abuse. The PMA would urge that the attack against it be concerted and unified.

DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION AND CONTROL IN THE LOS ANGELES CITY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT--STATUS REPORT, JUNE, 1969

INTRODUCTION

A District-wide study of drug abuse education and control was initiated by the Superintendent's Office in March, 1969. An investigation was undertaken because of the significant increase in the number of pupils involved in narcoties and dangerous drugs activities during the 1967-68 and current school years. The concern expressed by many parents, teachers, and administrators for individual and community welfare also helped bring into focus the need to assess present policies, practices, and services. The desire of community organizations, law enforcement, and other governmental agencies to cooperate with the District in the development of positive educational and control programs was also a motivating factor in commencing the investigation.

The study was conducted to determine administrative policies for control, referral resources for treatment and rehabilitation, and staff opinion of the effectiveness of current instructional programs. Personnel who participated in the investigation identified problems and needs and made suggestions for improvement.

The term "narcotic" as used in this report refers to marijuana, heroin, morphine, and opium. The "dangerous drugs" category includes non-narcotic drugs that are habit-forming or that have a depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogenic effect. The term "drug abuse" applies to the improper use of all types of narcotics, dangerous drugs, and inhalants.

Extent of problem.-The narcotics and dangerous drugs problem is prevalent in all areas of the School District. Drug abuse occurs among affluent as well as disadvantaged youth and appears in varying degrees at all school levels.

The growth and magnitude of the problem for the five-year period 1964-68 are indicated in Table A, page 2. Los Angeles Police Department records show a 475 percent gain in juvenile arrests for all narcotics and dangerous drugs violations from 1964 to 1968, and in increase of 55 percent from 1967 to 1968. The

number of juveniles arrested for dangerous drugs offenses increased slightly over 1,000 percent from 1964 to 1968, and 247 percent from 1967 to 1968. The number of arrests for marijuana violations increase 237 percent from 1964 to 1968, but decreased 15 percent from 1967 to 1968. Seventy-nine percent of all juveniles arrested in 1968 were boys.

TABLE A.-JUVENILE NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS ARRESTS, LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT, 1954-68 1

The data in Table B reveal that boys accounted for 82 percent of marijuana and 76 percent of dangerous drugs arrests made by the Los Angeles Police Department in 1968. Fifty-nine percent of all arrests were for dangerous drugs violations. Arrests for heroin, morphine, opium, and LSD continue to show the lowest frequency, with sixty pupils involved.

TABLE B.-JUVENILE NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS ARRESTS, LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT, 1968

Seventy-two percent of the girls reported in Table C, page 3, were arrested for dangerous drugs offenses during the first four months of 1969, while the number of boys involved in marijuana and dangerous drugs violations was almost equal. A projection of the 2,940 arrests for a full year gives a total of 8,820, a gain of 42 percent over 1968.

TABLE C.-JUVENILE NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS ARRESTS, LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT, JAN. 1 THROUGH APR. 30, 1969 1

The California Education Code, Section 10603, requires local law enforcement agencies to submit a report immediately to the local school district of all juvenile drug abuse arrests on school premises or elsewhere. Our Child Welfare and Attendance Branch has received such information on a monthly basis since the effective date of the Education Code amendment (November 13, 1968) and has made the data available to the various divisions and schools involved.

1 For statistical reporting, law enforcement agencies list separately data for the narcotic "marijuana" and the dangerous drug “LSD."