Gold and Debt

scheme for ameliorating the financial troubles of the times, but has in each case been incidental to the statement of the facts. If others, upon the basis of the same facts, should arrive at different conclusions, it should not render this compilation of facts any the less valuable as a book of reference, which it was the author's aim to make.

CHICAGO, Dec. 6, 1876.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

THE DOLLAR AND OTHER UNITS.

Monetary units of all countries (Tables 4, 5 and 6),

In many cases only ideal coins,

The pound sterling and the dollar as,

The dollar-origin of the dollar symbol,

Origin of the name,

American of the United States,

Reduction in value of United States dollars in 1837,

Abolition of the American silver dollar,

The London Stock Exchange dollar,

Change from a silver to a gold currency in the United States

in 1837,

Similar changes in France in 1785 and Austria in 1857,

PAPER MONEY AND COIN IN THE UNITED STATES.

Paper money and coin in the United States,

Table of the amounts of each in use each year from 1854

to 1876,

Period of greatest contraction,

Amount of coin in the United States, 1854 to 1876,

The United States banks,

-

Estimated number of each class of banks in the United

States in 1875, and the aggregate of their deposits,

5

PAPER MONEY IN EUROPE.

Paper money in Europe,

Invention of,

First used in Sweden,

Table of amounts in Great Britain at various periods,

France at various periods,

Germany at various periods, -

Austria,

Russia,

Italy,

Switzerland,

Table of aggregate in Europe, -

Increase of in Europe, -

Great banks of Europe,

Banks of Venice, Barcelona, Genoa, Amsterdam, etc.,

Of the Bank of France in 1848 and 1870, -

Remarkably slight depreciation of the notes of the Bank

of France (see note to page 557),

Various effects of on value of currency,

Inconvertible paper money — three causes affecting its value,
Its increase in value by reason of scarcity of any other

medium of exchange,

-

Its stimulating effects on industry and trade,

GOLD AND SILVER COIN IN EUROPE.

Estimated stock of gold and silver in Great Britain,

66

The method adopted by the author of this book for approxi-
mating the amount of gold and silver in each country,

Table of approximate amount of coin in each country in

Europe,

75-80

All estimates in regard to Asia entirely conjectural,

Lavish use of both gold and silver in Asia for personal

ornaments (foot notes),

-

92, 93

The stock of gold and silver in Asia not a source of supply

for Europe or America,

Probable stock of gold and silver coin in the world,

92, 93

95

AVERAGE RATIO OF NATIONAL REVENUE TO VOLUME
OF MONEY IN USE IN ALL COUNTRIES.

The ratio of national revenue to the total volume of money

in all countries,

Table showing the uniformity in the proportions of money

and national revenue per capita of the population in

all countries,

-

The average amount of annual national revenue about 38 to
40 per cent of the total volume of money in use,

Striking illustration of the above rule in the proportions of

annual revenue to the volume of money in use in the

United States each year from 1866 to 1876 (note to

page 243),

Diagram showing the approximate volume of paper money
in the world each year from 1845 to 1875, and the
relative decrease in the amount of gold and silver, 128, 129

THE ERA OF GOLD.