The

553,250. There were in the Sunday schools estant Episcopal Church who were opposed to 120,705 scholars with 12,089 officers and the growth of sacramentarianism and sacerdotteachers. According to the statistics gathered alism in that church and who made the separaby the denomination itself, the total enroll- tion in order that they might continue to wor ment in 1910 was 116,815, with 684 churches ship after the historic orders of the English and 728 ministers. The number of Sunday Reformation. According to the statistics of schools was 776, with a total enrollment of the General Council of the denomination, the 117,854. The contributions received during church numbered in 1910 10,331 communicants, the year for denominational objects was $389,- 89 parishes, including 32 colored churches in 776, and for other objects, $95,954. There South Carolina, and 103 clergymen. There were received for congregational purposes $1, were six bishops, and one bishop in England. 569,082, making a total of all contributions of The value of church property is about $1,833,$2,054,812. The church sustains foreign mis- 032. The denomination endowment fund, exsions in China, India, Japan and Arabia. The clusive of parochial endowments amounted to Church Building Fund has charge of the aid about $350,000. The church carries on misfor the erection of new churches. Other funds sionary work, including between 30 and 40 supported by the denomination are the Dis- churches among the colored freedmen of the abled Minister's Fund and the Widows' Fund. South. Foreign missions are carried on in There are three theological seminaries, the New India. The theological seminary of the deBrunswick Seminary at New Brunswick, nomination is in Philadelphia. The official N. J., the Western Seminary at Holland, Mich., organs of the church are The Episcopal Reand the Arcot Theological Seminary at Vellore, corder, published in Philadelphia, and The India. The denomination sustains two colleges, Evangelical Episcopalian, published in Chicago. Rutgers College at New Brunswick, N. J., and REFORMED PRESBYTERIANS. Hope College at Holland, Mich. The official general name given to several religious bodies organs are The Christian Intelligencer, pub- of Presbyterian doctrine, founded by members lished in New York City, The Leader, published of the Covenanted or Reformed Presbyterian at Holland, Mich., and De Hope, published in Church of Scotland. The title includes the the Dutch language. There are in addition Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of many missionary and departmental publica- North America, the Reformed Presbyterian tions. The church has a Board of Education Church in North America, General Synod, the which furnishes aid to educational institutions Reformed Presbyterian Church, Covenanted, and to young men studying for the ministry. and the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the Its legislative bodies consist of a general United States and Canada. According to the synod, four particular synods and thirty-six religious census made by the United States classes. The synods meet annually, the classes Census Bureau in 1906, published in 1910, semi-annually. The headquarters of the de- there were in the synod of the Reformed Presnomination are at 25 East 22d Street, New byterian Church of North America, the largest York City. body, 9122 communicants, with 116 churches REFORMED CHURCH IN THE and 128 ministers. In the Reformed PresbyUNITED STATES (GERMAN). A Protestant religious denomination, founded by immigrants from the Palatinate and other districts of Germany, which was established in the United States at Germantown, Pa., in 1714. The church in 1910 numbered 293,836 communicants, 1737 churches and 1430 ministers. There are eight district synods and 59 classes corresponding to the presbyteries in Presbyterian bodies. The scholars in the Sunday schools numbered about 233,000 and the teachers about 25,000. The denomination carries on home mission work and its fields cover practically the entire United States and portions of Canada. There are 189 missions of which 71 are under the two German Boards, REFORM SCHOOLS. the Eastern and Western, and the remaining THE UNITED STATES. 118 are under the General Board. Foreign REICH, EMIL. An Austrian author and missions are carried on in Japan and China. historian, died December 11, 1910. He was Under the control of the denomination are the born at Eperjes, Hungary, in 1854, and studied Eastern Theological Seminary at Lancaster, in that city and in the Prague, Budapest and Pa., the Central Theological Seminary of the Vienna universities. Up to his thirtieth year Reformed Church in the United States at Day- he devoted himself almost entirely to study. ton, O., and a mission house for training mis- Declaring books unsatisfactory for a real comsionaries at Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Franklin prehension of history, he determined to travel and Marshall College at Lancaster, Pa., is the extensively in order to complement the study leading collegiate institution under the de- of books with the study of realities. He spent nominational auspices. Other colleges are five years in the United States, four in France Heidelberg College at Tiffin, Ohio, and Ursinus and twelve in England. In the latter country College at Collegeville, Pa. Colleges for he lectured frequently at Oxford, Cambridge women are maintained at Frederick, Ind., and and London universities. His lectures were at Allentown, Pa. very popular and, although designedly lacking in profundity, contained evidences of wide and deep learning. He was employed by the British government to assist in the settlement of the

REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH. An Episcopal Church of historic orders, organized in 1873 in New York by members of the Prot

terian Church of North America, General Synod, there were 3620 communicants, with 27 churches and 26 ministers. The other two bodies are small, the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Covenanted, reporting in 1906 only 17 communicants and the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States and Canada, 440 communicants. The General Synod maintains a theological seminary at Philadelphia and a college at Cedarville, Ohio. It sustains a mission in northern India. This body held its annual meeting at Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 18, 1910. The next annual meeting will be held at Cedarville, Ohio, on the third Wednesday of May, 1911.

See EDUCATION IN

(See Reclamation

The

Among the Protestant bodies, the Methodist bodies rank first in number of members with 5,749,838 or 17.5 of the total number. The Baptist bodies come next with 5,662,234 members or 17.2 per cent. These two bodies constitute somewhat more than one-third of the entire Protestant membership of the country.

Venezuela boundary case. Among his pub- thereby themselves becoming members.
lished writings are History of Civilization; Protestant bodies as a rule admit only those
Greco-Roman Institutions (Oxford Lectures); who, after reaching fairly mature age, declare
Hungarian Literature; Foundations of Modern their desire to join the church.
Europe; Success among Nations; Select Docu-
ments illustrating Mediaval and Modern His-
tory; Fundamental Principles of Evidence; The
Failure of the Higher Criticism of the Bible;
Success in Life; General History of Western
Nations; and Nights with the Gods (1909).
REICHSRATH. See AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
REICHSTAG. See GERMANY.
REID, G. A. O. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH
AND AMERICAN, Political and Social Science.
REID, W. M. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH
AND AMERICAN, Travel and Description.

an increase of

The greatest percentage of increase in the decade 1890 to 1906 is shown by the Christian Scientists, who increased their membership 882.5 per cent. Next in order of relative increase are independent churches, 451.4 per cent. Among REINECKE, KARL. A German composer, the larger Protestant denominations, Disciples died in March, 1910. He was born in 1824 at of Christ or Christians showed the largest Altona, Prussia. He studied with his father, rate of increase, 78.2 per cent. The Protestant Johann Reinecke, a composer and director. Episcopal Church showed an increase of 66.7 From 1846 to 1848 he was Court pianist to per cent.; the Methodist bodies, 25.3 per cent. Christian VIII at Copenhagen. In 1851 he and Baptist, 52.5 per cent. The Christians or became teacher at the Cologne Conservatory Christian Connection showed and occupied at later times the positions of 6.2 per cent. The Roman Catholic Church musical conductor at Barmen, academic musi- showed an increase of 93.5 per cent. The incal director and conductor at the Singakademie crease in all Protestant bodies in the decade at Breslau, conductor of the Gewandhaus conwas 44.8 per cent. The total value of church certs at Leipzig and teacher at the Conserva- property of all denominations reported was tory. His compositions are refined and classic $1,257,575,867. Of this, the property value of throughout, but possess here and there the Protestant bodies was given at $935,942,marked touch of the romantic. He composed 578. The increase in the value of the property studies, sonatas, quartets, quintets and trios. from 1890 to 1906 was, in Protestant bodies, A five-act grand opera, König Manfred, was 70.3 per cent. and in all denominations, 35.1 produced in 1867, an operetta in 1874, and two per cent. See SOCIAL WORK OF THE CHURCHES. three-act comic operas in 1886 and 1891 respectively. He became widely known excellent conductor, and as a pianist for his interpretations of Mozart.

a

as an

REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES. See BRIDGES.

RELATIVITY THEORY IN PHYSICS. See PHYSICS.

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. Statistics and other information relating to the principal religious denominations will be found under their respective names in alphabetical order.

1,

The table at top of page 628 shows the number of communicants in 1906, and the rate of increase from 1890 to 1906, in each denomina

tion.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. See UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES, and EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES.

REMEDIAL LOAN ASSOCIATIONS, NATIONAL FEDERATION OF. See CHARITY. RENKIN, M. See BELGIUM, History. RENWICK, G. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Travel and Description. REPUBLICAN PARTY. See UNITED STATES, Campaign and Elections. RESERVOIRS. See AQUEDUCTS; DAMS; IRRIGATION, and RECLAMATION.

The religious census of the United States taken in 1906 was completed in 1910 by the publication of Volume 2, giving data relating to the separate denominations. Volume RESINITE. See CHEMISTRY, Industrial. issued in 1909, contained a summary and gen- RESTREPO, CARLOS E. See COLOMBIA, eral tables of all the denominations. Accord- RÉUNION, or BOURBON. An island in the ing to this census the whole number of com- Indian Ocean; a French colony. Area, 965 municants reported by all the religious bodies square miles. Population (1907), 177,677. in 1906 was 32,936,445 of which 20,287,742 or Capital, St. Denis, with 25,689 inhabitants; 61.6 per cent. were returned by 164 Protestant St. Pierre had 31,927; St. Paul, 20,091; St. bodies; 12,079,142 or 36.7 per cent. by the Louis, 12,846; St. Benoît, 11,692. Schools Roman Catholic Church and 569,561 or 1.7 per (1909), 169, with 14,381 pupils. Sugar cane is cent. by twenty-one other bodies. In consider the principal cultivated product, extending ing figures showing the relative importance of over 30,000 hectares. Next in importance is the different bodies with respect to the number vanilla, 4000 hectares. Tobacco, manioc, coffee, of communicants or members, it should be cacao and spices are grown. Livestock (1898): borne in mind that among the Jewish congre- 2345 horses; 2950 mules; 3495 cattle; 13,750 gations, the Roman Catholic Church and the sheep and goats. There are no mines. Protestant bodies, differences in the require- ports and exports in 1909 were valued at ments for membership exist which prevent sta- 13,233,483 and 16,351,853 francs respectively, tistics based on membership from giving a cor- against 11,812,627 and 15,179,074 in 1908. rect index of the religious affiliations of the Sugar, rum, and tapioca are the chief exports. population of the United States. The Jewish Railways (end of 1909), 126 kilometres (78 congregation includes as members only the miles). Telegraph lines, 332 kilometres (206). heads of families; the Roman Catholic Church In 1909, 87 vessels of 169,326 tons entered, and includes as members all persons baptized into 88 of 171,679 tons cleared; in 1908, 109 vessels the church and it requires that all children of of 202,723 tons entered, and 106 of 197,165 members shall be baptized as soon as possible tons cleared. The budget for 1909 balanced at

Im

a Exclusive of 14,852 communicants or members reported for 26 organizations in Alaska. b Exclusive of Jewish congregations.

In 1906, heads of families only. In 1890, members as well as heads of families included. d As the figures for the two censuses are not comparable, the increase can not be shown.