suburbs" and "garden villages" has taken on an extraordinary extension both in and out of London, and it would be impracticable even to catalogue the names of those begun, continued or finished in 1910. A few named at random are one at Hull, one in Hempstead, London, one at Ilford completed, and one at Kingston, one begun at Romford, and so on. INTERNATIONAL TOWN PLANNING CONFERENCE. By far the most notable architectural event of the year in London was the International Town Planning Conference opened October 18th, under the auspices of the Council of the Royal Institute of British Architects, under the presidency of Leonard Stairs, with John Burns as Honorary President, Sir Aston Webb as Chairman of the Executive Committee, and J. W. Simpson as Secretary General. Delegates from all the principal nations took part in the Conference, those from the United States including among others Daniel H. Burnham of Chicago and Mr. Mulford Robinson. Germany, France, Belgium and Sweden were especially well represented among the European nations, and the papers and discussions were admirable in their scope, thoroughness, variety and breadth of view. The topics treated included not merely the architectural and other æsthetic aspects of city planning, but those relating to circulation, hygiene and the economic and governmental phases of the problems involved. It became clear that in the scientific study of these problems, as well as in the number and extent of the enterprises of city improvement undertaken or completed, the German Empire now leads the world. But Sweden, Belgium, Italy and France have made important and valuable contributions to the development of the science and art of town planning, and great Britain has made extraordinary strides in the same direction during the past few years. City Planning constitutes a distinct department of instruction in the School of Architecture of Liverpool University, and the Town Planning Act of 1909 is already bearing practical fruit in projects for municipal and suburban improvement throughout the United Kingdom. The United States appeared to advantage so far as the widespread interest and activity in and for town improvement are concerned, and in the quality of some of the particular schemes presented at the Conference; but as a whole we are behind most of the European nations both in results thus far achieved and in the general recognition of the scientific principles that should underlie the whole movement. An important and most interesting feature of the Conference was the magnificent collection of plans and drawings exhibited in the Burlington House galleries. GERMANY. The remarkable activity in German city-building and improvement, alluded to above, still continues. New railway terminals, bridges, town halls and municipal theatres have been projected, begun, carried on or completed, and there has been an unusual number of competitions for the remodeling of existing suburbs, or the laying out of new ones. Greater Berlin in various districts, Munich, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Nuremberg, Essen, and Ulm have all recorded during the year some enterprise of this sort, more or less important. An especial effort is being made to relieve congested districts and encourage the building of cottage-settlements for the laboring and wage-earning classes. As examples of the general movement, Schöneberg in Greater Berlin has adopted a definite plan of improvement and development and has awarded the prize for a design for a new Rathhaus (Townhall) to Berger & Neidenorff, Cologne, beside plans for new suburbs, has adopted designs and begun the erection of a new bridge across the Rhine and of a new School of Industrial Art; the latter by Frantz Brantzky of Cologne is, like so many recent public buildings in Germany, positively ugly in exterior aspect, but well planned and scientifically arranged. In Stuttgart the first and second prizes were equally divided between Schlösser, Weircther & Bercher, and Lemp & Riethmüller, for an extensive block of buildings for the General Railroad Offices as the result of an important competition. Frankfort announced an interesting competition for the architectural treatment of the inner end or head of the harbor. Darmstadt has begun the erection of an extensive municipal bathing establishment, a class of buildings in which the Germans are only rivaled by the English. Here again an interesting plan is housed in a dull and commonplace exterior. Among other undertakings of the year may be mentioned the new Kaiserbrücke (Emperor's Bridge) at Bremen, a Catholic church at Essen, a National Bismarck Monument at Bingen, and perhaps a score of "Bebauungsplänen" or plans for laying out streets, districts or whole suburbs, among which we can only mention as examples those for the new Bennigsen street in Hannover by Usadell of that city, and for the remodeling of the Kleberplatz in Strassburg. AUSTRIA. In Vienna a beginning has been made of the remodeling of the square in front of the Church of San Carlo Borromeo. A new theatre, the Urania, has been erected in connection with a Urania club-house. A credit bank at Laibach from designs by Fr. Krasny; the rebuilding of the ground formerly occupied by the barracks at Lintz from designs by R. Traska; a picture-galley by H. Ried of Vienna at Reichenberg and many buildings of more or less importance, public and private banks, clubs, schools, theatres, churches, townhalls, and mansions, in Bohemia, belong to the record of 1910 without deserving separate mention. Bohemia continues to be the field for the wildest eccentricities of the Moderne Kunst or Art Nouveau, which seems to rejoice in bare and ugly exterior, devoid of cornices, moldings and every feature which can impart charm or even interest to the design. Occasionally, however, the decorative sculpture by the very brutality of its modeling, succeeds in attracting attention and even admiration. FRANCE. There seems to be less activity in France than in Germany, Austria and England, and even Paris offers a small showing for the year. The flood which so seriously damaged the city in January, when the Seine reached a higher level than at any time on record since the end of the seventeenth century, may account in part for this reduced activity. A new building or Annexe" for the Department of Posts and Telegraphs, in the Cité Martignac, by Fr. Le Cœur, appears to be the most important of the new buildings of the year. Apartment-house building continues on the same lines as in other recent years, with much charming decorative detail, but with little improvement in the handling of the general composition. Not a little new work is being done in the old Latin Quarter, which is gradually losing its pictur ARCHITECTURE esqueness. A new Students' Club is among the interesting structures in that district. The great campanile of the Sacré Cœur church on the heights of Montmartre has been carried up thirty or forty feet higher; it is to be completed by 1912. Elsewhere in France there is little to chronicle, besides the usual grist of provincial theatres, small parish churches, hospitals and schools. A new château at Villers aux Erables by A. Guilbert is one of the most interesting of works of the second grade of importance in a refined and pleasing version of the Louis XVI. style, free from the aberrations of the New Art. Not strictly architectural, but architectually interesting, is a railway bridge over a branch of the Rhone near Montargis, consisting of a single arch of masonry with a span of two hundred and sixty-two feet and an elevation of two hundred and four feet above the Varleérine River. SWITZERLAND. At Geneva a handsome new Museum of Art and History has been erected from designs by the architect of Camoletti. RUSSIA. There has been a remarkable building activity in St Petersburg. The year's record is of seven hundred new buildings, mostly residences, costing sixteen millions of roubles. In the same city was held the first Russian Congress of Architects, which opened in December under the patronage of the Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna. In the ARCHEOLOGY OF ARCHITECTURE. archæology of architecture in Europe, including the maintenance and restoration of ancient buildings, the most notable event has been the controversy over the state of the Leaning Tower or Campanile at Pisa. A government commission, as the result of recent measurements compared with those recorded in past times, reported a dangerous increase in the inclination of the An interesting feature of the year's record tower, with the consequent necessity of costly is the proposal, somewhat widely discussed, to and difficult engineering work to save it from reduce the numbers of the vast army of official destruction. Professor W. H. Goodyear, of the architects holding government appointments Brooklyn Institute, N. Y., however, pointed out which are often sinecures but which confer of in a series of minutely exhaustive articles, that ficial and social standing upon the incumbents. the commission had made but a cursory examBELGIUM. In Belgium the most notable ination both of the building and of the records, buildings of the year were those for the and by a most remarkable analysis both of International Exhibition at Brussels. The their figures and of the records claimed main palace, by Ernest Acker, in an to have proved that there has been not unaffected Renaissance style wholly free the slightest settling in seventy years. These from "modern" eccentricities, presented an elegant if not altogether imposing façade of eight hundred feet. Among the numerous special buildings the most interesting were that of the Dutch Government, more picturesque than almost any building in Holland, and the striking "New Art" building of the Herstal Arms Works, with its effective towers. The calamitous fire which in August destroyed the British section and large parts of the French and Belgian sections of the main palace, has already been referred to. It has aroused much discussion of the whole question of the construction and material to be used in exhibition buildings and in the stalls and display structures which they contain. A great new hotel, the Palace on the Place Rogier, by Leuer and Ponepe, was the most important permanent edifice of the year in the Belgian capital, which with Antwerp and some other cities was also engaged during the year in planning and executing comprehensive schemes of municipal improvement. Antwerp has planned, among other things, a new boulevard and ring of buildings on the site of the old fortifications. ITALY. In Italy, the past year has witnessed in Rome the advance by a long stage towards completion of the Victor Emmanuel monument, including the setting up of the colossal equestrian statue of the King. The Palace of Justice has been completed, and much work done on the coming Exhibition of Fine Arts to celebrate the semi-centennial of Italian independence. The United States building for this exhibition, an interesting colonial design by Carrère and Hastings, with extensive gardens behind it, was begun and is attracting much admiring attention. At Turin work was begun on the buildings for the industrial exhibition of 1911. Milan reports continued work on the Sacred Heart Church and the laying out of an extensive garden suburb; Venice, the completion of the brickwork of the campanile of St. Mark, ready for the open belfry and its square spire. articles have attracted world-wide attention, and the general conclusion seems to be that the American expert has proved his case. At Winchester (England), the underpinning of the defective foundations of the Cathedral has been carried out with great success under the architect, Mr. T. G. Jackson, R. A.; but the difficult problem of restoring the south transept front to verticality has not yet been attacked. In France the restoration of the abbey of Fontevault has progressed under Mr. L. Magne, and has laid bare a number of tombs of the Plantagenets. UNITED STATES. While the volume of building has not equaled that of 1909, in which the full tide was reached of reaction from the panic of 1907, it was nearly equal to that year's product. Thus in September, the building permits issued in fifty-eight cities were for buildings aggregating in cost $49,000,000, as against nearly $52,000,000 in September, 1909, a falling off of about six per cent. This is probably fairly representative of the year's record generally. In New York this record will fall little short of $200,000,000. MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENT. The activity in municipal improvement continues unabated, especially in the Western and Central States. Thus Cleveland is rapidly progressing with the monumental layout of 1905, and is actually reaping a profit from it in the form of greater economy in the total ultimate cost of buildings and grounds as compared with the old-time scattered purchase of sites for public buildings. Denver has purchased land for the execution of an interesting civic-centre scheme, and Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Columbus, O., San Diego, and Los Angeles, Cal., in the West, Roanoke, Va., and Greenville, S. C., in the South, and Buffalo, Rochester, Philadelphia and Hartford, are all actively prosecuting their enterprises in the same direction. One-half mile of the new Philadelphia Parkway has been completed, and Buffalo has purchased land for a new central rail way station and civic square. At Los Angeles there was held a conference on city improvement. Washington, D. C., gave out to competition the designing of three important buildings to stand upon the stately Mall, respectively for the departments of State, Justice and Commerce and Labor. Among other important enterprises involving the architectural and landscape treatment of large areas may be mentioned the finely monumental plan by Cass Gilbert for the development of the University of Minnesota, following the usual American system of isolated buildings without enclosed courts, and a competition for a garden village for a Masonic Home at Elizabethtown, Pa. plans by D. H. Burnham a striking and dignified County Court House. The record from Chicago includes the completion of the City Hall by Holabird & Roche, forming with the Court House, reported in 1907, a single columnar design, colossal in scale, occupying an entire block; the La Salle Hotel by the same architect, the new Northwestern Railroad Station by Frost & Granger, and many large commercial buildings. From other cities the following buildings have been reported among many others of perhaps equal importance: At Hartford (Conn.), the Morgan Memorial by B. W. Morris; Chelsea (Mass.), a new City Hall by Peabody & Stearns; Portland (Maine), the competition NEW YORK. In New York the great Public for the New City Hall awarded to Carrere Library was brought to entire completion & Hastings, Stevens & Stevens; West Point, except as to some of the interior dec- completion of the impressive Chapel for the orations; the choir of St. John's Cathedral was Military Academy (Cram, Goodhue & Fergucompleted and the furnishings (organs, stalls, son); Louisville (Ky.), a group of buildings etc.) partly installed; the foundations of the for the Presbyterian Theological Seminary and great Municipal Offices nearly completed-a a Christian Science Church, both by McDonald gigantic and complex work of engineering; and & Dodd; San José (Cal.), the State Normal the magnificent Pennsylvania Terminal brought School by W. D. Coates-a somewhat interesting to completion. This superb structure now essay in the Art Nouveau spirit: Far Rockaway stands without a rival in the world among build- (N. Y.), the Sage Memorial by C. & G. Crane; ings of its kind. The buildings of the Union Garden City (N. Y.), Doubleday & Page's PrintTheological Seminary (Allen & Collens) were ing Works, with garden surroundings, by Kirby completed and dedicated; they are a distinct & Petit. Louisiana announced the passing of an architectural adornment to the upper section of Architects' Registration Law. Manhattan. In the near neighborhood, Columbia University completed and opened Kent Hall for its Law School, and began the erection of a new Hall of Philosophy, both buildings by McKim, Mead & White. Among new office buildings the most noticeable were the thirty-one story Whitehall building (Clinton & Russell), and the thirty-two story Liberty Tower (II. I. Cobb). Work was begun on the fifty-four story Woolworth building (Cass Gilbert) which will surpass the Metropolitan Tower in height and will, it is to be hoped, mark the extreme limit of height for such buildings. There has been a remarkable development of business building along Fourth Avenue, and of apartment house building in the neighborhood of Columbia University. OTHER CITIES. In Washington the year witnessed the completion of two interesting buildings; the handsome structure by Kelsey and Cret for the Pan-American Union, and the building for the Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution by E. P. Casey. In Baltimore the new Walters Museum was opened, an unusually elegant design by Delano & Aldrich; and Pittsburg announced the award to Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson of the competition for the First Baptist Church. Another important competition was that in Oakland, Cal., for a new City Hall, awarded to Palmer & Hornbostel, for a striking design recalling somewhat that for the New York Municipal Offices. In St. Paul and Minneapolis there was considerable important work recorded for 1910; in the first-named city, a building for the Y. W. C. A. by Clarence Johnston, the Hotel St. Paul by Reed & Stern, and a Masonic Temple by Bückner & Orth; in the second, the Plymouth Building (Long, Lamoreaux & Long), St. Mark's Protestant Episcopal Cathedral by E. H. Hewett, a very interesting domical chapel and crematory in Lakewood Cemetery by H. W. Jones, and by the same architect a fine warehouse for Butler Bros. In the same State, Duluth erected from OTHER COUNTRIES. Australia has chosen a site for a new capital at Canberra, N. S. W., and begun measures for a competition for the layout of the new city. In South Africa, at Bloemfontein, new Law Courts by Hawk & McKinlay, and at Pretoria, Union Government Buildings, by H. Baker, were under erection or recently completed; and the cities of Khartum and Omdurman were being replanned and rebuilt on approved modern lines. In Asia, Calcutta reported the erection of a new Government Press Building at a cost of six and one-half lakhs of rupees; Karachi, a new Municipal Building, by J. E. Wynnes of Edinburgh; and Nagoya (Japan), the holding of an important Industrial Exhibition. In South America the greatest activity seems to have been in the Argentine Republic, greatly stimulated by the centennial celebrations of the independence of the Republic and by the Exhi bition at Buenos Ayres. Besides the buildings of that Exhibition, there was heavy expenditure upon the improvement of the splendid Plaza de Congreso; costly high school buildings were begun at Parana, Santiago de Estero and five other cities, in addition to one completed at Buenos Ayres; and at Samborombón Bay, at the mouth of the Plata, the execution of a vast scheme was begun for the building of a new harbor, town and railway terminal from designs by an English architect, Mr. Peache. The necrology of 1910 includes the death in England of George Aitcheson, W. R. A., Past President of the Royal Institute of British Architects, at the age of 84; in the United States, of W. G. Preston, F. A. I. A., and of I. M. Clark, A. I. A., both at Boston; of Alfred Stone, F. A. I. A., at Providence; of G. W. Thompson, A. I. A., at Nashville, Tenn., born in England in 1835, the designer of many Catholic churches and schools; and of S. A. Treat, A. I. A., at Chicago, at the age of 71. The death of C. W. Clinton, F. A. 1. A., of Clinton & Russell, at New York at the age of 72, removed ARGENTINA. A South American republic extending from the South Atlantic westward to Chile and northward to Bolivia. The capital is Buenos Ayres. 57 ARGENTINA 'traordinary rate, though, chiefly on account of drought, the crop returns for the year 1908-9 (the last for which official reports are available) show in general some decrease as compared with those of the preceding year. For 1895 there were reported under cultivation 4,892,004 hectares (1 hectare 2.471 acres), of which 2,049,683 were sown to wheat and 1,244,184 to corn. For the crop year 1908-9, the total area under cultivation was 15,830,563 hectares. Of these, 6,063,100 hectares were sown to wheat, 5,895,373 being harvested and yielding 4,250,086 metric tons; 1,534,300 were sown to linseed, 1,496,691 being harvested and yielding 1,048,852 tons; 2,973,900 were sown to corn, yielding 4,500,000 tons; 441,570 were sown to oats, yielding 464,252 tons; there were sown to wheat, linseed, oats, barley, millet, and rye a total of 8,242,690 hectares, of which 7,797,137 hectares were harvested, yielding 5,739,794 tons. Values of the three most important crops, in thousands of gold pesos, have been as follows for crop years: Crops AREA AND POPULATION. The republic consists of 14 provinces, 10 territories, and the federal district (city) of Buenos Ayres; the aggregate area is estimated at 1,139,000 square miles. The census of 1895 showed a population of 3,954,911; official estimate of December 31, 1908, 6,489,023; December 31, 1909, 6,805,684. About twothirds of the inhabitants are foreign-born and children of foreign-born parents. Of the total at the end of 1909, 5,060,900 were reported as of Argentine nationality (by law children born in the republic of foreigners are Argentine); Italian, 843,540; Spanish, 424,085; French, 104,990; British and Irish, 26,324; Austrian, 24,785; German, 23,450. The population per square mile in the most densely inhabited prov- Wheat inces (excluding the federal district) was in Corn 1908: Tucumán, 32.8; Santa Fé, 16; Entre Ríos Linseed 14.1; Buenos Ayres, 13.9; Corrientes, 9.8; Cordoba, 8.8. The most important cities, with populations on July 1, 1909, are: Buenos Ayres, 1,200,000 (1,228,955 on September 30, 1910); Rosario, 172,000; Cordoba, 95,000; La Plata, 95,000 (97,006 on June 30, 1910); Tucumán, 66,000; Santa Fé, 48,000; Mendoza, 39,000; Bahia Blanca, 37,755. The over-sea immigrants in 1909 numbered 231,084; of these, 93,528 were Italians, 86,798 Spaniards, 16,475 Russians, 11,765 Syrians, and 4120 French. From 1857 to the end of 1909, the total over-sea immigration amounted to 3,409,540. The notable influence of Italy upon the republic may be inferred from the fact that of the total number 1,892,721 were Italians; Spaniards numbered 882,271, French, 192,436, Russians, 93,349, Austrians, 64,252, Syrians, 60,359, Britons, 44,871, and Germans, 43,856. To the immigrant the government furnishes free transportation to that part of the country where he may choose to settle. EDUCATION. Primary instruction is free, secular, and nominally compulsory. In 1904 about one-half of the inhabitants over six years of age were illiterate, but statistics relating to 1909 show a considerable improvement in the literacy of children of school age (6 to 14). Children of school age in May, 1910, are reported at 1,200,212. There are reported 6371 primary schools, public and private, with 659,460 pupils. Secondary education is controlled by the Federal government. There are 26 lyceums, with about 5800 students, and 45 normal schools, with about 4300. In addition some 20 special and technical schools have an enrollment of about 7000. For higher education there are national universities at Buenos Ayres and Córdoba and provincial universities at Santa Fe, La Plata, and Paranã, having an aggregate of some 6000 students. Of these, in 1909, 4364 were enrolled at Buenos Ayres, which is the largest university in South America. The state religion is Roman Catholicism, but religious toleration prevails. AGRICULTURE. During the last 15 years agricultural development has proceeded at an ex 1895-6 1899-1900 1908-9 1909-10 .34,606 70,272 194,356 178,036 .24,416 22,743 87,437 113,850 7,726 11,170 52,063 56,533 In the production of wheat Argentina ranks sixth among the countries of the world, the crop of 1908-9 being about 5.3 per cent. of the world's production; in corn, third (being exceeded by the United States and Austria-Hungary), the yield being about 4 per cent. of the world's production; in linseed, first, the Argentine production being over 35 per cent. of the total. For the crop year 1909-10 there were under cultivation 18,775,672 hectares, as compared with 15,830,563 for 1908-9, although the aggregate sown to wheat, corn, linseed, and oats, 10,869,750 hectares, showed a decrease of 3.2 per cent. The areas sown to the various crops for 1909-10 were: wheat, 5,836,550 hectares; corn, 3,005,000; linseed, 1,455,600; oats, 572,000; grapes, 122,459; sugar (cane), 70,750; barley, 60,011; potatoes, 48,514; millet, 27,922; beans, 26,000; alfalfa, 4,706,530; cultivated grasses, about 2,100,000. Estimates of production in the crop year 1909-10 are: Wheat, 3,825,000 metric tons; corn, 4,500,000; linseed, 800,500; oats, 591,000. On March 17, 1910, the President of the Republic laid the foundation stone of a barrage on the Neuquén River to regulate for irrigation purposes the waters of the Rio Negro. STOCK RAISING. The number of live stock and their values in gold pesos are stated as follows for 1908: Cattle, 26,116,625-413,021,767 pesos; horses, 7,531,376-90,563,807; mules, 465,037—9,926,873; asses, 285,088-1,256,178; sheep, 67,211,754-126,437,993; goats, 3,945,086-3,661,609; swine, 1,403,591-6,895,960. The total value of these animals was 651,764,187 pesos, as compared with 378,926,803 pesos in 1895. Returns of the meat-packing industry for 1909 showed in the freezing and salting establishments a slaughter of 1,150,202 cattle, 2,985,970 sheep, 25,751 hogs, and 666 horses. The salting estab lishments are in Entre Ríos. What may be termed the neighboring salting establishments of Uruguay slaughtered 754,300 cattle in 1908 and 664,700 in 1900, and of Brazil (Rio Grande), 425,000 in 1908 and 660,500 in 1909. No Isabel of Spain and President Montt of Chile were among the visitors at Buenos Ayres. Brazilian representative, however, was present, which was one of many signs of strained relations with that country. The explosion of a bomb at the Colón Theatre at Buenos Ayres on June 25 injured several persons. The govern ment took prompt measures against the anarchists and about 100 were arrested on suspicion. A law was enacted empowering the police to transport any anarchist now in their hands. In July diplomatic relations were broken off with Bolivia on account of Bolivian criticism of the Argentine President's award in the boundary dispute between Bolivia and Peru, but they were resumed in December. The International Agricultural Exhibition was opened at Buenos Ayres in the first week of July. The Exposition of Hygiene and the Railway and Land Transport Exhibition illustrated the recent progress of the country. The budget presented in August showed a surplus of $30,000,000 pesos paper, and estimated the revenue for the next year at $152,000,000, being an increase of $19,000,000. Another transAndine railway to connect northern Argentina with Chile was authorized by Congress in September. The new President announced a new Cabinet in October. ARGENTINE EXPOSITIONS. POSITIONS. See Ex ARGON. See ATOMIC WEIGHTS. ARGYLL, DUKE OF. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN. ARIZONA. A Territory of the Mountain Division of the United States. Its area is 113, 956 square miles, of which but 116 square miles are water. The capital is Phoenix. POPULATION. The population of the Territory according to the figures of the Thirteenth Census was 204,354, as compared with 122,931 in 1900 and 88,243 in 1890. The increase in the decade 1900 to 1910 was 66.2 per cent. The population of the larger cities and towns will be found in the article on UNITED STATES CENSUS. MINERAL PRODUCTION. The chief product of the mines of the Territory is copper, although gold, silver and lead are also produced in considerable quantities. The production of copper in 1909 was 291,110,298 fine lbs., as compared with 289,523,267 lbs. in 1908. This gives Arizona second place in the production of copper, being surpassed only by Montana. The production in 1910, according to the preliminary figures of the United States Geological Survey exceeded the output of 1909, and gave Arizona first place among the copper-producing States. The Bisbee district was the largest producer with an output of approximately 145,000,000 lbs., as compared with about 130,000,000 lbs. in 1909. There were produced in the Territory in 1905 1465 tons of lead and 2862 tons of spelter. In 1910 the value of Arizona's gold production, according to the preliminary figures of the United States Geological Survey was $3,375,256, as compared with a value of $2,626,800 in 1909. The silver production was 2,835,641 fine ounces in 1910, as compared with 2,523,600 fine ounces in 1909. Arizona also produced clay products, precious stones, tungsten, and a small quantity of zinc, AGRICULTURE. The acreage, production and value of the principal crops in 1909-10 are shown in the following table: The area of the agricultural land in the Territory is 1,500,000 acres, but the area actually under cultivation is little in excess of 200,000 acres. Cultivation is carried on chiefly by irrigation. For an account of the various projects for the reclamation of arid lands, see IRRIGATION. The cultivation of oranges has been carried on with success and fruits of all kinds, both temperate and sub-tropical, are grown on a small scale. Sugar beets also have been grown successfully and about 4000 acres are under cultivation in this crop. Ostrich raising is an important industry and there was a marked increase in this industry in 1910. Over 6000 birds are kept in the Salt River Valley, more than 80 per cent. of all the ostriches in the country. As to the farm animals, the numbers of cattle and sheep raised in the Territory have increased considerably in the last few years, the increase of sheep being nearly 50 per cent. in the last three years. The wool clipped in 1910 amounted to 4,950,000 pounds. EDUCATION. The school children in the Territory between the ages of 6 and 21 in the school year 1909, the latest year for which statistics are available, numbered 36,729. The enrollment was 27,639 and the attendance, 17,863. The average monthly salary of male teachers was $104.64 and of female teachers, $79.61. There are normal schools at Tempe and Flagstaff. FINANCE. At the close of the fiscal year 1910 the cash in the territorial treasury amounted to $507,721, an increase for the year of $145,277. The revenues amounted to $1,121,381 and the expenditures to $976,103. The territorial debt is $956,972, and there is owing to cities and counties $2,098,303, making the total debt of the Territory $3,055,275. CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS. The correctional and charitable institutions of the Territory include the Territorial Prison at Florence, Asylum for the Insane and the Territorial Industrial School at Benson. A Home for Aged and Infirm Pioneers is also maintained. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT. By the approval on June 20, 1910, of the Enabling Act, the citi zens of the Territory were assured of the final consummation of their long struggle for admission to the Union as a State. By the provisions of this Act the Governor of the Territory was to call for an election to elect delegates for the preparation of the Constitution within thirty days of its approval. This election was held on September 12. The result of the election for delegates showed that the Territory, unlike New Mexico, was Democratic in its political com. plexion. Forty-four Democrats and eight Republicans were elected delegates to prepare the Constitution. The chief issue in the campaign for the election of these delegates was the initiative and referendum. This measure had the support of the Democratic party in the Territory and it is thus assured a place in the Constitu |