NEW NATIONALISM

his own power and sagacity, when exercised with entire regard to the welfare of his fellows. But the fortune must be honorably obtained and well used. It is not even enough that it should have been gained without doing damage to the community.... This I know implies a policy of a far more active governmental interference with social and economic conditions in this country than we have yet had, but I think we have got to face the fact that such an increase in govern. ment control is now necessary."

Regulation of the terms and conditions of labor as well as the use of wealth in the public interests: "No man can be a good citizen unless he has a wage more than sufficient to cover the bare cost of living, and hours of labor short enough so that after his day's work is done he will have time and energy to bear his share in the management of the community.... We need comprehensive workingmen's compensation acts, both State and national laws to regulate child labor and the work of women, and especially we need in our common schools, not merely education and book learning, but also practical training for daily life and work."

Suppression of mob violence: "In the interest of the workingman himself, we need to set our faces like flint against mob violence, just as against corporate greed."

State and national efficiency: "The State must be made efficient for the work which concerns only the people of the State and the nation for that which concerns all the people. There must be no neutral ground to serve as a refuge for lawbreakers, and especially for lawbreakers of great wealth who can hire the vulpine legal cunning which will teach them how to avoid both jurisdictions.

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'The new nationalism puts the national need before sectional or personal advantage. It is impatient of the utter confusion that results from local legislation attempting to treat national issues as local issues. It is still more impatient of the impotence which springs from the overdivision of government powers, the impotence which makes it possible for local selfishness or for legal cunning, hired by wealthy special interests to bring national activities to a deadlock. This new nationalism regards the executive power as the steward of the public welfare. It demands of the judiciary that it shall be interested primarily in human welfare rather than in property."

Direct primary: "We must have I believe we have already-a genuine and permanent moral awakening, without which no wisdom of legislation or administration really means anything; and on the other hand, we must try to secure the social and economic legislation without which any improvement due to purely moral agitation is necessarily evanescent." See UNITED STATES, Campaign and Election of 1910, and ROOSEVELT, THEODORE.

NEWNES, Sir GEORGE. An English editor and publisher, died June 9, 1910. He was born in Derbyshire in 1851 and was educated at private and public schools. He began his business life as a merchant's clerk in Manchester. In 1875 he married a clergyman's daughter, who, it is said, founded her husband's fortune by suggesting to him the value of a magazine containing "tit bits of notes and fun." With little or no capital he started a penny weekly, Titbits, in 1881, writing for a time most of its contents himself. The journal was a success from the start and

NEW SOUTH WALES

he soon accumulated a large fortune. In 1885 he was elected to Parliament from the Newmarket Division of Cambridgeshire as a Liberal and represented that division for ten years. In the meantime he continued to found and buy daily, weekly and monthly papers and magazines. In 1889 he founded the Review of Reviews and in 1891 the Strand magazine. To the latter Conan Doyle contributed the Sherlock Holmes stories. At this time he had as associates Alfred Harmsworth (Lord Northcliffe) and C. A. Pearson, who later became his rivals in the conduct of newspapers and magazines. Newnes founded or bought the Westminster Gazette, the Wide World, the Grand Magazine, the Sunday Strand, the Captain, Fry's Magazine, Country Life, the Garden, the Ladies' Field, Woman's Life, and the Scholar's Own. Prompted by the fact that W. W. Astor bought the Pall Mall Gazette, the only Liberal evening paper, and over night turned it into a Tory organ, Newnes bought the Westminster Gazette, took over the whole Liberal staff of the Pall Mall and gave the Liberals an evening organ with the same dispatch which marked their loss of one. He was notable for the ingenious schemes which he devised for increasing the circulation of his periodicals. Perhaps the most notable was his attempt to increase the circulation of the Strand by announcing that clues to the hiding-place of £500 would be found in a Strand serial story. He then made further hidings, ten of £100 each and when clues in the story seemed to indicate that some of the gold was hidden beneath Trafalgar Square, the police had difficulty in preventing the Square from being dug up. He was created Baronet in 1895. He was active in promoting international matches in chess and donated the international chess trophy which bears his name.

NEW SOUTH WALES. A state of the Australian Commonwealth. Capital, Sydney. Area, 310,372 square miles. Estimated popula tion, June 30, 1910, 1,662,367. For details, see AUSTRALIA. The executive authority is vested in a governor appointed by the British Crown and acting through a responsible ministry. The legislative power devolves upon a parliament of two houses, the appointive Legislative Council and the elective Legislative Assembly. Governor in 1910 (appointed May 28, 1909), Right Hon. John Napier, Baron Chelmsford; Premier (in the ministry constituted October 21, 1910), J. S. T. McGowan.

HISTORY. Great losses of cattle and serious damage to the town of Tamworth were caused by floods on January 16, and several townships in the northern part of the state were devastated. The coal strike, which had been going on for eighteen weeks, came to an end toward the end of February. It had little public sympathy and its prospects were bad from the beginning. The government had continued its policy of encouraging immigration and the Premier announced in the spring that there had been a gain of 10,000 immigrants from Great Britain in 1910, all of them of the settler class. In his manifesto to the electors he urged their acceptance of the Federal financial agreement, saying that it would be fair both to the states and the Commonwealth and that rejection would mean financial chaos, increased taxation and an encroachment on state rights. The closer settlement policy at the close of the session of Parliament in the summer had resulted in the sub