NEW JERSEY training, $309,959, and for transportation of pupils, $145,736. FINANCE. The report of the treasurer for the fiscal year ending November 30, 1910, showed a balance in the treasury on November 1, 1909, of $3,680,882. The total receipts for the year were $8,534,969 and the total disbursements were $7,670,663, leaving a balance in the treasury on October 31, 1910, of $4,545,188. The chief receipts were from the collateral inheritance tax, State tax on railroad corporations, tax from miscellaneous corporations and from banks and insurance companies. The chief disbursements were for education, for the support of State institutions, and for the support of the State government. the House in passing a measure that the work shall be completed under the direction of the State Board of Assessors, one of the commissioners to act as expert in charge. On February 7 the governor transmitted to the legislature the proposed income tax amendment to the Constitution with the recommendation that it be approved. The legislature failed to vote on the amendment. CONVENTIONS AND ELECTIONS. Next to the election of governor, the chief interest in the election of 1910 centred in the election of a United States Senator to succeed John Kean, whose term expired in 1911. There were several candidates for the nomination in both the Republican and Democratic parties. Among those CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS. The institu- who sought the Republican nomination were tions under State control, with the amounts dis- Senator Kean for re-election, David Baird former bursed for their support in 1910, were as fol- sheriff of Camden County, Franklin Murphy of lows: Home for Feeble-Minded Children, $7787; Newark, formerly governor of the State, RepreHome for Disabled Soldiers, $86,995; Manual sentative Charles N. Fowler of Elizabeth, and Training and Industrial School for Colored E. C. Stokes, a former governor. The candidates Youth, $25,137; New Jersey School for the on the Democratic side were former Senator Deaf, $46,767; New Jersey Reformatory, $174,- James Smith, Jr., James E. Martine and Frank 975; Sanatorium for Tuberculous Diseases, $88,- M. McDermit. By provisions of the act passed 487; State Home for Boys, $88,447; State Home by the legislature of 1910, senatorial canfor Girls, $68,021; State Hospital at Trenton, didates may submit their claims to popu$333,625; State Hospital at Morris Plains, lar vote at direct primaries. Mr. Murphy $533,413; State Prison maintenance, $124,995; suggested that Senator Kean, Mr. Baird, and Village for Epileptics, $170,342. There was also other Republican candidates take advantage of disbursed for the support of the blind and feeble- these provisions. They refused, however, to do minded, $131,274. So. The nominations for Senator were made in accordance with the law by petition, each of which required the signatures of 1000 legal voters of the State. At the primaries held in September, Mr. Stokes received the Republican nomination, while the larger part of the Democratie votes were cast for Mr. Martine, his only opponent in the party primaries being Mr. McDermit. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT THE LEGISLATURE. The State legislature sat in 1910 and the most important laws passed will be found noted in the paragraph Legislation below. The opening of the legislature was marked by an attempt of the Democratic minority to have a rule passed compelling committees to report any bill by request of fifteen or twenty members of the House. In 1908 the "New Idea" Republicans, aided by the Democrats, succeeded in having a rule adopted relieving the committee of further consideration of bills upon demand of fifteen members and in 1909 there was a similar rule enforcible by twenty members. In 1910 the Democrats had nineteen members in the House, and after failing to have the fifteen rule adopted, they endeavored to put through the twenty rule. The House, however, refused this, and adopted the rules of 1907, making committees amenable to the majority rule. Among the recommendations made by Governor Fort in his annual message were the establishment of a public utilities commission, extension of the direct primary system, restrictive excise regulations, the formation of different departments for corporations, motor vehicles and collateral inheritance tax, the construction of a system of State highways, extension of the scheme of inland waterways, continuation of the commission to revalue railroad property and an appropriation toward the Palisade Park project. In advocating the extension of the direct primary system the governor declared that for the first time in its history the State would have the opportunity to send to the United States Senate the man for whom the people may declare their preference. The governor was not able to secure the passage of all these measures through the legislature. His attempt to secure legislation providing for the continuation of the commission to revalue railroad property was defeated by the action of The Democratic convention for the nomination of State officers was held on September 14. The most prominent candidates for the governorship were Woodrow Wilson, President of Princeton University; and Frank S. Katzenbach, Jr., former mayor of Trenton. Dr. Wilson's candidacy resulted from a demand on the part of the Democrats of the State for the strongest possible candidate, as the indications for Democratic success were sufficient to give them sanguine hope for electing their candidate. He had the support of the Democratic organizations of which former Senator James Smith, who was the chief Democratic power of the State, was the acknowledged leader. Mr. Wilson was nominated on the first ballot which stood: Wilson, 795; Katzenbach, 276. The platform adopted by the convention included a plank criticising the Payne-Aldrich tariff bill in severe terms. It favored the enactment of an employers' liability act which will satisfy the just demands of labor and secure safety and efficient sanitation in all manufacturing processes and employments. The Republican State convention was held at Trenton on September 20. The only prominent candidate before the convention was Vivian M. Lewis of Paterson, N. J., State Commissioner of Banking and Insurance. The platform heartily approved the administration of President Taft. It commended the protective tariff and endorsed the action of the President and Congress in providing an expert and permanent tariff board to investigate tariff schedules. The policy of conservation announced by the President was approved and it was affirmed that the same safe guards should surround primary elections as members of the old State Railway Board behad been shown to be effective in preventing came the new Public Utilities Commission with repeating and frauds at general elections. The State has never seen a more aggressive and interesting campaign than that which followed the nominating conventions. The nomination of Dr. Wilson at once attracted the attention of the country, and he gave his campaign a character which caused it to be one of the chief subjects of interest throughout the United States. He traveled about the State making addresses, which were received with great enthusiasm The fear that these addresses would be too academic to impress the average voters proved to be unfounded. They discussed political conditions with the greatest clarity and with an evident practical knowledge of conditions. An interesting incident of the campaign resulted from the action of a well known Progressive Republican leader, George L. Record, in propounding to Dr. Wilson nineteen questions for answer. These questions were answered fully and without hesitation. He assailed the Republican administration and policies, but in terms which included no personal abuse or bitterness. Mr. Lewis too made an aggressive campaign, speaking in all parts of the State. It was apparent, however, from the beginning of the campaign that the tendency was strongly toward the election of Dr. Wilson. This was the result, not only of his strong personality and high capabilities, but was due also to the Democratic trend felt throughout the country. Dr. Wilson was elected by a plurality of 49.056. He received 233,682 votes against 184,626 cast for Mr. Lewis. The Democrats elected a majority of the members of the State legislature, thus insuring the election of a Democrat to succeed Senator Kean. Following the election, the question of the action of the legislature in electing a United States Senator became the leading matter for political discussion. James E. Martine of Plainfield, as noted above, received a majority of the Democratic votes at the primary. James Smith, Jr., a former United States Senator and an aggressive candidate for the Senate refused to be bound by the action of the voters at the primary. On December 8 Dr. Wilson issued a statement favoring the candidacy of James E. Martine to succeed Senator Kean in the United States Senate. The governor-elect based his support of Mr. Martine on the ground that it was the will of the people as expressed in their vote that he should be elected. Former Senator James Smith, Jr., a candidate for the Senate declared that the governor's attitude was neither fair nor honorable and was an unwarrantable attempt to coerce the legislature. Mr. Wilson in his statement said "I offered, if elected, to be political spokesman and adviser to the people. I even asked the voters who did not care to make their choice of governor upon that understanding, not to vote for me... and I cannot escape the responsibility involved. I know that the people of New Jersey do not desire Mr. James Smith, Jr., to be sent again to the Senate. If he should be he will not go as their representative. . . At the recent primaries 48,000 Democratic voters, a majority of the whole number who voted at the primaries, declared their preference for Mr. Martine. For me that vote is conclusive." ... OTHER EVENTS. In July the public utilities law in the State became effective. The three jurisdiction over every public service corporation in the State, including telegraph and telephone companies, pipe lines and water companies. In general, the powers of the Commission are similar to those exercised by the New York Public Service Commission, though much modified. The threatened action of the railroads passing through New Jersey to increase their rates, especially the rate for commutation to New York City, raised great opposition throughout the State and demand was made on Governor Fort to call a special session of the legislature to consider the question. The governor refused to do this on the ground that while the railroads may have acted hastily in adopting new schedules, such action was within their legal rights if it could be shown that the proposed increase was reasonable and just. This he said presented a judicial question which could be settled according to the facts. The Interstate Commerce Commission on June 23 requested the railroads in the State to postpone the proposed advance in commutation rates, and to this request the companies acceded. Later the new rates were put into effect. The question as to whether these rates shall be maintained was before the Interstate Commerce Commission at the end of the year. LEGISLATION. Among the important measures passed by the legislative session of 1910 were the following: The act relating to private banks was amended. A bond of $20,000, with sufficient sureties, is now required. Child labor laws were so amended that no minor under 16 years of age is allowed to work more than 55 hours a week or more than ten hours a day. No minor under 15 years of age is permitted to work between six at night and six in the morning, and after July 4, 1911, no minor under 16 years of age will be permitted to work during these hours. Sheriffs were authorized to appoint jail matrons, and a State reformatory for women over 17 years of age was established. A commission was appointed to investigate the subject of an employers' liability law, and a law for workmen's compensation. A commission was also appointed to report on the allied subject of old age pensions. The marriage law was revised so as to require a license from the town where the woman resides, if a resident, otherwise from the place of the man's residence, before the performance of the ceremony. A law was passed permitting any married woman who holds real estate in the State, and whose husband has been a fugitive from justice for three years or more, to petition the court for power to sell such real estate as if unmarried, and if such power is granted she may convey all her title thereto. The legislature passed a sweeping law directed toward the reduction of tuberculosis. It declares tuberculosis an infectious disease, requires physicians' reports, disinfection of premises, care of the diseased, and a distribution of circulars and information. The violation of the law is a misdemeanor. Three other measures were passed along the same lines. first appropriates $10,000 for the study of the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis under the direction of the State Board of Health by publication, State exhibits, and special inspectors. The other acts authorized counties to establish tuberculosis hospitals subject to inspection by the State Board of Charities and The NEW JERSEY 513 NEW MEXICO the State Board of Health, and required that I. W. Trenchard, Rep., Alfred Reed, Dem., C. G. the location of such hospitals must be approved Garrison, Dem., James J. Bergen, Dem., Willard by the State Board of Health only after due F. Voorhees, Rep., James F. Minturn, Dem., F. notice to the public and a hearing of remon- J. Swayze, Rep.; Clerk, William Riker, Jr., Rep. strants. October 12 was made a legal holiday, to STATE LEGISLATURE. 1911 Senate, Repubbe known as Columbus Day. An elaborate public licans 12; Democrats 9; Republican majority 3. utilities bill was passed. This provides that Assembly, Republicans 18; Democrats 42; Demothe board of railroad commissioners shall hence- cratic majority 24. Joint ballot, Republicans forth be called the Public Utilities Commission. 30; Democrats 51; Democratic majority 21. Subject to their jurisdiction are railroads, street NEW MEXICO. railroads, canals, subways, pipe lines, traction, gas, electric, water, express, sewer, telephone and telegraph companies, and other companies operating for general use within the State a franchise obtained from the State or munici pality. The commission is to supervise all these utilities and to exercise its powers to secure obedience to the laws, to require safe and adequate service, to prescribe methods of book keeping, with an eye to securing simplicity and uniformity, to approve leases, mergers, the issue of securities, and the grant of local franchises, and in all cases such approval is a prerequisite to the validity of the action taken. The commission is to enforce its orders by proper procéss. Appeal from the decisions of the board lies to the courts and appeals to the board lie from municipal ordinances and regulations. The act forbids free transportation and other favors to municipal officers, except when on duty and in uniform. A law was passed requiring railroads to furnish free transportation within the State to specified officials, including members of the legislature or congressmen. Railroads are obliged to furnish these individuals with an unlimited pass for all purposes. Measures were enacted providing for a complete physical valua tion of all the railroads of the State and the valuation of their franchises. Measures were western part of the United States. It has an A Territory in the southarea of 122,634 square miles. Its capital is Santa Fé. POPULATION. The population of the Territory The increase in the decade MINERAL PRODUCTION. The most valuable of the mineral products in the State is coal, of AGRICULTURE. value of leading crops are given for 1909 and The acreage, production, and 1910 in the following table: Corn, .1910.. passed providing for regulations upon the sale STATE OFFICERS. Governor, Woodrow Wilson; son. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, W. S. Gummere, Rep.; Justices, Charles W. Parker, Rep.; Oats, 1910 1909 Acreage Prod. bu. Value 1909 1909 Potatoes, 1910. 1909 1909 a Tons. 5,339,000 POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT. The passage of a bill providing for the statehood of New Mexico was the most important political event in the history of the Territory in 1910. This made it necessary to hold a convention to construct a constitution for the new State. Elections were held on September 6 for the choice of delegates. These resulted in the election of 71 Republican and 29 Democratic delegates to the Convention. The majority of the delegates elected were opposed to the initiative and referendum. The Convention met at Santa Fé October 4 and continued its deliberations until November 21, and formulated a constitution that was submitted to a popular vote on Janu (1) Complete and effective publicity of corporate affairs. (2) Prohibition of the use of corporate funds for political purposes. (3) Government supervision of the capitali zation of all corporations doing an interstate business. (4) Franchises given only for a limited time and with compensation to the public. (5) The same supervision over combinations that control the necessaries of life, such as meat, oil, and coal, as over public service corporations. (6) Directors of corporations to be held personally responsible if corporations break the law. ary 21, 1911. The constitution, as formulated, To bring this condition to pass Mr. Roosevelt followed the older models, especially the Con- put forward a platform, which contained the stitution of the United States, as distinguished following planks: from the newer models, the Oregon and Oklahoma constitutions. However, a modified referendum was included and an elective corporation commission was provided, while the initiative, recall, direct primaries and Prohibition were not included. Because of the fact that the constitution adopted the language of the Federal Organic Act and of treaties, in defining the eastern boundary as the 103d degree of longitude, the Texas representatives in Congress protested, as a survey of the 103d meridian had proved erroneous, throwing the line three miles west of the true meridian. This erroneous survey had been tacitly permitted to stand although the error had been frequently pointed out. But President Taft and Texas took the view that property rights had been established under this erroneous survey and that it therefore should be adopted by New Mexico despite the fact that by treaty with Texas in 1850 the boundary had been established on the true 103d meridian. On December 21, President Taft sent a message to Congress embodying this view and recommending the passage of a joint resolution authorizing the President and the State of Texas to mark the boundary line between that State and New Mexico. This resolution was adopted. STATE OFFICERS. Governor, William J. Mills, Rep.; Secretary of Territory, Nathan Jaffa, Rep.; Treasurer, Miguel A. Otero, Rep.; Auditor, W. G. Sargent, Rep.; Adjutant-General, A. S. Brookes, Rep.; Attorney-General, Frank W. Clancy, Rep.; Superintendent of Education, J. E. Clark, Rep.; Commissioner of Insurance, Jacobo Chavez, Rep.; Commissioner of Agriculture, Robert P. Ervien. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, W. H. Pope; Associate Justices, John R. McFie, Ira A. Abbott, E. R. Wright, C. J. Roberts, M. C. Mechem, and F. W. Parker; Clerk, José D. Sena-all Republicans. LEGISLATURE. By special provision of Congress there was no election for a State legislature in 1910; the legislature of 1909 was composed of nine Republicans and three Democrats in the Senate, and twenty Republicans and four Democrats in the House. 66 (7) Combinations in industry are necessary, but they should be controlled in the interest of the public welfare. (8) An expert tariff commission. (9) A graduated income tax on big fortunes, with a graduated inheritance tax. (10) A scientific revision of our financial system so as to prevent those recurring panics from which other countries are free. (11) A sufficient army and navy to insure international respect. (12) Conservation of natural resources. (13) Extension of the work of the Department of Agriculture and agricultural colleges to cover not merely the production of crops but all the interests of agricultural life. (14) Regulation of the terms and conditions of labor as well as of the use of wealth in the public interests. (15) Suppression of mob violence. (16) National and State efficiency. (17) The direct primary, associated with a corrupt practices act, with the recall. In the elaboration of these propositions, Mr. Roosevelt made the following comments: Government supervision of the capitalization of all corporations: "I do not wish to see the nation forced into the ownership of railroads if it were possible to be avoided, and the only alternative is thoroughgoing and effective regu lation, which shall be based on the full knowledge of all the facts, including the physical valua tion of the property. This physical valuation is not needed or at least is very rarely needed for fixing rates, but it is needed as the basis of honest capitalization." Combinations: "For that purpose [of regulat ing corporations] the Federal Bureau of Corpora tions is an agency of the first importance. Its power, and therefore its efficiency, as well as that of the Interstate Commerce Commission, The Hepburn should be largely increased. act and the amendment to that act in the shape in which it finally passed Congress at the last session represent a long step in advance and we must go yet further." NEW NATIONALISM. This title was applied to certain propositions contained in a speech made by Mr. Roosevelt on August 31, 1910, at the dedication of the John Brown Park, Osawatomie, Kansas. Mr. Roosevelt said: The essence of any struggle for healthy liberty has always been and must always be to take from some one man or class of men, the right to enjoy power, wealth, position, or immunity which has not been earned by service to his or their fellows." The thing chiefly to be settled, he said, was equality of opportunity, which means that our governments, National and State, must be freed from the sinister in- An expert tariff commission: "Such a com. fluence or control of special interests. Exactly mission can find out the real difference between as special interests of cotton and slavery cost of production, which is mainly the difference threatened our political integrity before the of labor cost here and abroad. As fast as its Civil War, so now the great special business recommendations are made I believe in revising interests too often control and corrupt men and methods of government for their own profit. We must drive the special interests out of politics. . . . The true conservative is he who insists that property shall be the servant and not the master of the commonwealth." one schedule at a time. A general revision of the tariff almost inevitably leads to log-rolling and the subordination of the general public interest to local and special interests." Graduated income tax and inheritance tax: "We grudge no man a fortune which represents |