وو ade the English rule is to be followed with some slight modifications. To be binding, a blockade "must be maintained by a force sufficient really to prevent access to the enemy's coast line." The doctrine of "continuous voyage' is not to apply to blockade. Knowledge of blockade is to be presumed if the neutral vessel has left port after her government has been notified of the blockade; but the neutral vessel must receive notice if she approaches the blockaded port without knowledge, actual or presumptive. Further provisions of the Declaration concern the unneutral service of neutral vessels, resistance to search, the transfer of the enemy's merchant vessels to a neutral flag, compensation to neutrals for injuries, etc. In certain quarters the rules laid down in the Declaration were severely criticised. The London Chamber of Commerce, for example, pro tested against ratification of it in its present from (Novmber 14, 1910), urging among other reasons that it radically altered the Law of Nations, that it exposed food supplies in neutral vessels to capture or destruction, that it contained no provision against the conversion of merchant ships into commerce destroyers, that the principle of the destruction of neutral prizes would work injury, that it would impair the nation's strength in time of war, and in general that it was framed without regard to the difference in situation between Great Britain and Continental countries, the former being an island and without neutral ports to fall back upon. LONDON, JACK. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Poetry and Drama. LONDON TO MANCHESTER RACE. See AERONAUTICS. LONG AND SHORT HAUL.* See RAIL WAYS. A LOS ANGELES AVIATION MEETS. See AERONAUTICS. LOS ANGELES WATER WORKS. See AQUEDUCTS. LOUISIANA. One of the Gulf States of the United States. It has an area of 48,506 square miles, of which 3097 square miles are water. Its capital is Baton Rouge. POPULATION. The population of the State in 1910, according to the Thirteenth Census, was 1,656,399, as compared with 1,381,625 in 1900 and 1,118,588 in 1890. The gain in the decade twenty-fourth in point of population whereas 1900 to 1910 was 19.9 per cent. The State ranks in 1900 it ranked twenty-third. The population of the larger cities and towns will be found in the tables in the article UNITED STATES CENSUS. MINERAL PRODUCTION. The most important mineral product of the State is petroleum. There were produced in 1909 3,059,531 barrels, valued at $2,022,449. This was a great decrease 874 barrels valued at $3,503,419. The producfrom the production of 1908, which was 5,778,tion is chiefly from the Jennings and Caddo In 1910 three important gushers were struck in the oil field and there was a consider fields. In October the able increase in the production in the northwestern part of the State in which this field is situated, as compared with a decline in the southern part of the State. The output of oil increased notably during the year and amounted to over $5,000,000. This required the construction of two additional pipe lines to Texas ports. The pipe line of the Standard Oil Company was LÖOFTZ, LUDWIG VON. A German painter, completed during the year from Oklahoma to died December, 1910. He was born at Darm the refinery at Baton Rouge, La. The State legstadt in 1845 and was a pupil of Kreling and islature passed measures during the year, callRaupp at Nuremberg and then of Diez at the ing for a vote of the people on the establish- · Academy of Munich where in 1879 he became ment of a system of protection against the waste professor. He was made director of this in- of natural gas in the Caddo field. The resultant stitution in 1891, serving in that position until vote ratified these measures. 1899. His paintings showed great technical Standard Oil Company purchased over 100,000 skill and are of great perfection. They include acres of proved oil territory in the James Bayou "A Cardinal Playing the Organ" (1876), region and actively continued development work Picture of Franz Liszt," "Avarice and Love" during the year. Other important acquisitions (1879), in the Vanderbilt collection, New York by lease were made by the Producers' Oil ComCity, and "Erasmus in his Study." He won a pany. The State is a large producer of sulphur gold medal at the International Exhibition in in which it dominates the world's trade. It also Munich in 1883 with the "Pieta." For the produces large quantities of salt. The clay Cathedral at Freising he painted in 1889 a large products are important as is also the mineral altar piece, "The Assumption of the Virgin." LOOKER, THOMAS HENRY. Rear-Admiral, retired, of the United States Navy, died July 24, 1910. He was born in Cincinnati in 1829, and was educated at the United States Naval Academy. He was appointed midshipman in 1846, but resigned in 1852. In the following year he was appointed purser in the United States Navy, serving until 1871, when he became pay director. In 1906 he was retired with the rank of rear-admiral for creditable service during the Civil War. In 1877 he was assistant to the Secretary of the Navy and in 1889-90 was general inspector of the pay corps. In the latter year he was appointed paymastergeneral. "water. LORDS, HOUSE OF. See GREAT BRITAIN. LOREBURN, Lord. See GREAT BRITAIN, Government. AGRICULTURE. The acreage, production and value of the principal crops in 1909-10 are shown in the following table: Corn, 1910... 1909 1909 Rice, 1910 1909 Potatoes, 1910 1909 Hay, 1910.. Tobacco, 1910... 1909. Cotton, 1910 1909. 1909 LOUISIANA 435 LOUISIANA EDUCATION. The total enrollment in the ele- only after a contest that emphasized the division mentary schools of the State in 1909 was 174,- in the Democratic party of the State. The leg984, of whom 78,862 were colored. The average islature of Louisiana is unanimously Demoattendance in the elementary schools was, 128,- cratic. The laws of the State require that all 022 white pupils, and 54,637 colored. The United States Senators shall be nominated by average monthly salary of white male teachers primary, and the opposition to the present adis $75.29, white female teachers, $50.80; of ministration urged the legislature to submit colored male teachers, $34.25, colored female the names of candidates to the voters. teachers, $28.67. The total value of the school General Assembly, by a vote of 87 to 53, refused property in the State is $7,805,926. The total to do this, and ratified the appointment made disbursements for the fiscal year ending July 1, by Governor Sanders by electing Judge Thorn1910, were $4,470,883. The total number of ton. teachers, white and colored male and female, was 6286. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT The The first extra session of the legislature was called primarily to pass upon a constitutional amendment, later submitted to and ratified by the voters of the State, authorizing a special tax to raise $6,500,000 for the World's Panama Exposition in New Orleans in 1915. PARTY POLITICS. Dissatisfaction with the methods of the administration of the State and the city of New Orleans resulted in the organization of the Democratic Good Government League, which promises to take a prominent part in the political affairs of the State and city in 1912. The regular Democratic organization in New Orleans has for the past ten years been in absolute control of all public offices. The organization is dominated by the leaders of the seventeen wards of the city. These seventeen leaders are known locally as the "bosses" and their organization as the "ring." Their emblem is LEGISLATIVE SESSION. Louisiana was one of the few States in which the legislature was in session in 1910. Besides the regular session which convened in May, two extra sessions were held. At the regular session the matter of ratifying or rejecting the income tax amendment to the Federal constitution resulted in complications. Governor Sanders in referring the question to the General Assembly on May 16 declared his opposition on the ground that it would permit Congress to tax the income from State bonds and thus practically tax State bonds, a power which it does not now possess. This view was endorsed to some extent by the press of the State which had hitherto supported the amendment. The Speaker of the House, however, favored the passage of the amendment the rooster. as a Democratic measure. The Senate agreed City and State elections are held every four with the attitude of the governor and sought to dispose of the question by declaring in favor of submitting the proposition to the voters by referendum, the voters to decide and to instruct the next legislature how to vote on the question. This would delay action on the matter for two years and would leave the result largely dependent on which faction won in the Democratic primary. On June 2 the House approved the amendment which had already been rejected by the Senate. Senator McEnery (q. v.) died in July, and it was necessary for the legislature, then in regular session, to elect his successor. That body chose Governor Jared Young Sanders. Governor Sanders accepted the oflice, asking for a few weeks in which to finish up his affairs as governor. In the meanwhile the legislature was called in extra session. Following its adjournment the governor withdrew his acceptance of the senatorship on the ground that he could accomplish more in bringing to New Orleans the Panama Exposition as governor than as United States Senator. He appointed as Senator, to fill out the unexpired term of Senator McEnery, Judge T. B. Thornton of Alexandria. The action of Governor Sanders in declining the office to which he had been elected by the legislature and naming another man to fill the vacancy was without precedent, and there was some doubt as to whether the appointment of Judge Thornton would be accepted by the United States Senate. In November it became apparent that a second extraordinary session of the legislature would be necessary to amend an act passed at the regular session authorizing the Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans to sell bonds for the completion of certain public improvements. When the legislature met in extra session December 6, Judge Thornton was duly elected United States Senator by a large majority, but years-the State elections in April, the city elections the following November. To qualify to vote in any of these elections it is necessary to have paid the poll tax the two preceding years-to vote in 1912, one must have paid the poll tax in 1910 and 1911. At the last State election the vote of New Orleans was about 33,000. There was no opposition to the "ring" in the city election of 1908. The poll taxes paid for 1910 (52,052) indicate that the vote in 1912 will be much larger than in past years. Identified with the Democratic Good Government League are many of the most prominent men of the State. The league has permanent quarters in New Orleans, and is perfecting a very thorough organization throughout the State. Its policy is to keep out of municipal and parish contests, outside of New Orleans, and to devote all its attention to the election of State officers, members of the legislature and all the officials of New Orleans. The reason given for taking part in the affairs of the city is that the city "ring" practically controls the State machine. In municipal elections, any reform or independent movement can depend upon practically solid support from the Republicans. In New Orleans, every time there has been a serious independent movement or campaign, the "ring" has been defeated. Congressman Samuel L. Gilmore, representing the Second District of Louisiana (comprising nine wards of the city of New Orleans and four rural parishes or counties) died July 18. H. Garland Dupre of New Orleans was elected to fill the vacancy for the unexpired term and to the regular term beginning March 4, 1911. At the time of his election to Congress, Mr. Dupre was Speaker of the House in the General Assembly and first assistant City Attorney of New Orleans. OTHER EVENTS. A strong propaganda was chusetts, died Feb. 4, 1910. He was born in carried on during the year to bring the Panama Rhode Island in 1835 and was educated at the Exposition, to be held in 1915, to New Orleans, Cambridge High School and the Hopkins Clasand in the November election among the meas- sical School. He entered the field of cotton ures voted on was the constitutional amendment manufacturing and soon became manager of (mentioned above) permitting the State to raise the Whittenton Manufacturing Company of $6,500,000 for the proposed exposition in New Taunton, Mass. He subsequently became direcOrleans. An investigation by the Federal tor and manager of many other cotton manugrand jury, carried on in April against alleged factories. During the Civil War he served for frauds in weighing sugar at the Custom House a time as engineer at Fortress Monroe, but was at New Orleans showed that no such frauds had cbliged to resign from the service on account of been perpetrated. During the year arrange- ill health. In 1874-5 he was a Senator in the ments were made by the immigration authori- Massachusetts legislature and in 1880 he was a ties of the State to bring 1000 peasant families delegate to the National Republican Convenfrom France to settle and cultivate 50,000 acres tion. From 1897 to 1903 he was a member of of land in the southwestern part of the State. Congress fro mthe 12th Massachusetts district This movement had its inception in the activi- and from 1903 to the time of his death from ties of a French citizen, Gustav Camoin. He the 14th district. Mr. Lovering was the oldest came to Louisiana and signed a preliminary member of the Massachusetts delegation in contract for the purchase of the land. He then Congress and was serving his seventh consecureturned to France, organized two corporations tive term. and made a lecture tour of the provinces telling of the salubrity and fruitfulness of the State. The first 100 families of the new immigration will land at New Orleans in February, 1911. Others will follow as fast as the land can be opened up for settlement. On April 22 the city of Lake Charles was practically destroyed by fire, which rendered 3000 people homeless, and destroyed property valued at over $3,000,000. The fire started in the centre of the city's business district and spread into the residential quarters. Many beautiful and historic homes were destroyed and among the public buildings burned were the new Court House and City Hall. The Catholic church and convent which dates before American occupation of Louisiana was burned. The most important business development of the year was the movement of Northern and Western farmers to the southern part of central Louisiana. Within the past five years many millions of Northern capital have been invested in the "marsh lands" of Louisiana. Wide areas that were once considered useless, because subject to overflows, have been reclaimed by the modern system of levees that protect them from the annual floods of the Mississippi and other rivers, and by an extensive system of drainage canals have been prepared for cultivation. These lands are now producing remarkable crops of vegetables and farm products of all kinds. During the past autumn and winter there has been a steady movement of Northern and Western farmers to this part of Louisiana, and present indications are that this immigration will add much to the wealth and prosperity of the State. LOW, ALEXANDER. A Scotch jurist, died October 14, 1910. He was born in 1845 and was educated at Cambridge University and at Edinburgh University. In 1870 he was admitted as a member of the Faculty of Advocates. In 1889 he was appointed sheriff of Ross, Cromarty and Sutherland, but occupied that position only until 1890, when he was raised to the bench, taking the title of Lord Low. During his service he decided a number of important cases. The most notable of these was that which arose out of the union of the Free and the United Presbyterian churches. Lord Low decided the case in favor of the defendants, but upon appeal to the House of Lords the judg ment was reversed. LOYAL LEGION. See PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES. LUCAS, E. V. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Fiction, Travel and Description. LUFFMAN, C. B. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Fiction, Travel and Description. LUMBER. See FORESTRY. LUMSON, C. B. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, History. LUNACY. See INSANITY. LUTECIUM. See ATOMIC WEIGHTS. LUTHERAN CHURCH. A religious denomination which includes the largest body of Protestants in the world, and is the mother church of the Protestant faith. It is found in nearly all parts of Europe and in Australia and North and South America in the largest numbers. Churches of the denomination, how. ever, are scattered throughout the world. The denomination is carried on under Congregational, Presbyterian and Episcopal forms and church government is not considered essential. The great organizer of the church in the United States was Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg, who arrived in 1742 and founded the ministerium of Pennsylvania, the mother Lutheran Synod in the United States, in 1748. The divisions of the denomination in the United States, with statistics in 1910, will be found below. The General Council, which is prevailingly English, but teaches the Gospel in German, Swedish and French, was founded in 1867. The Synodical Conference, prevailingly German, was founded in 1871. The United Synod of the South was STATE LEGISLATURE, 1911. Both Houses founded in 1886. The four general bodies of Democratic: Senate, 41; House, 116. Lutherans embrace two-thirds of the Lutherans LOVERING, WILLIAM C. An American in the United States. The chief independent public official, member of Congress from Massa- synods are the United Norwegian Synod, the STATE OFFICERS. Governor, J. Y. Sanders; Lieutenant-Governor, P. M. Lambbemont; Secretary of State, J. T. Michel; Auditor, Paul Capdeville; Treasurer, O. B. Steele; Attorney General, Walter Guion; Superintendent of Education, T. H. Harris; Commissioner of Agriculture, Charles Schuler; Commissioner of Insurance, Eugene J. McGuney; Commissioner of Public Lands, Fred J. Grace-all Democrats. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, J. A. Breaux; Associate Justices, A. D. Land, F. T. Nichols, Frank A. Monroe, O. O. Provosty; Clerk, Paul E. Mortimer-all Democrats. LUTHERAN CHURCH Joint Synod of Ohio and the German Iowa 437 MCCALLA All three Seminaries are conservative and teach the gospel of Christ in its original sense. According to the religious census made by the LUXEMBURG. An independent neutral United States in 1906 and published in 1910, grand-duchy in central Europe. Area, 998 the total number of communicants of the Luth- square miles; population (1907), 250,911, eran faith in the former year was 2,112,494, nearly all Roman Catholics. Capital, Luxemwith 11,194 church edifices and 7841 ministers. burg (20,682 inhabitants), a dismantled forStatistics were taken of twenty-four Lutheran tress. Iron ore is the chief product. Mineral bodies. The statistics of the denomination output (1908), 5,799,280 metric tons, valued at given below are from the church authorities: £696,250 (miners, 5438). Luxemburg is a THE GENERAL COUNCIL. Ministers, 1590; congregations, 2461; communicant members, 479,575; value of church property, $28,388,graded Bible schools of this section of the 301.00; benevolent offerings, $519,093.55. The church number 2134, with 28,874 teachers and 260,466 pupils. In addition there are 594 parochial schools, with 26,588 pupils. THE GENERAL SYNOD. Ministers, 1326; congregations, 1807; communicants, 286,325; church property, $19,809,312; benevolent offerings, $454,843.40; Sunday schools, 1715, with 28,401 teachers and 259,673 pupils. SYNODICAL CONFERENCE. Ministers, 2713; congregations, 3356; communicants, 766,281; benevolent offerings, $822,910.32; Sunday schools, 849; teachers, 4406; pupils, 98,370. This branch maintains 2655 parochial schools with 132,927 pupils. UNITED SYNOD OF THE SOUTH. Ministers, 243; congregations, 464; communicants, 48,601; church property, $2,042,942.00; benevolent of ferings, $72,244.83; Sunday schools, 369; teachers, 3797; pupils, 30,393. INDEPENDENT SYNODS. Ministers, 2696; congregations, 5861; communicants, 624,029; church property, $15,009,097.00; benevolent of ferings, $734,648.74; Sunday schools, 2363; teachers, 14,112; pupils, 152,670; parochial schools, 1577; pupils, 83,583. GRAND TOTAL. Ministers, 8558; congregations, 13,939; communicants, 2,204,811; property (less Synodical Conference not reported), $65,249,652.00; benevolence, $2,603,740.84; Sunday schools, 7428; teachers, 79,590; pupils, 801,584; parochial schools, 4862; pupils, 244,198. member of the German Customs Union. Rail- MCADOO, WILLIAM GIBBS. See TUNNELS. MACAO. A city on the Chinese island of Macao, at the mouth of the Canton River, constituting, with Coloane and Taipa (small adjacent islands), a Portuguese dependency. Area, 4 square miles; population, 63,991 (12,S94 in Coloane and Taipa), of whom 3919 are white. The city has two wards, one Chinese, one non-Chinese, each with its own administrator. Imports (1908), 18,697,415 dollars Mexican (in junks, 5,253,621); exports, 17,755,135 (in junks, 7,050,299). The trade is largely transit, and in the hands of Chinese. Merchant vessels entered, 1895, of 1,005,595 tons; junks, 4655, of 3,999,350 piculs. Military force, at least 488 men. Estimated revenue and expenditure (1909-10) balanced at 639,136 milreis. Governor (1910), Capt. C. A. Marques. An unsettled boundary dispute with China resulted, in Probably the most significant movement of the summer of 1910, in fighting between the the year was toward strengthening theological Chinese and Portuguese. A revolt occurred at educational work. The Chicago Theological the end of November among the soldiers and Seminary has erected an entirely new and sailors, and the insurgents seized arms and amvery complete group of buildings to the number of ten. The Philadelphia Theological Seminary inducted one new professor and created two more new chairs and also started the endowment of its magnificent Krauth Memorial Library. A new theological seminary for the Pacific Coast has been started on the Pacific Coast and still another determined upon by the several synods of Canada to be located in Toronto. All these have been within the General Council which has also perfected its relations with the seminary at Kropp, Germany, for the securing of missionary pastors for GermanAmerican mission work. The United Synod of the South has relocated its Seminary and has fine new buildings under construction at Columbia, S. C. This body is also at the same time engaged in establishing a seminary for its foreign work in Japan. Meanwhile a new Seminary has been opened, or rather an old one re-established in Michigan. The Missouri Synod significantly reports the largest attendance in its history at the Theological Seminary of that large German body in St. Louis, Mo. munition and marched upon the govermnent house, demanding increased pay, expulsion of religious orders, suppression of an offensive journal and the redress of other grievances. Some of these demands were granted. MACAULIFFE, M. A. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Travel and Description. MACBETH, ROBERT WALTER. A British artist, died November 2, 1910. He was born in Glasgow in 1848 and was educated in Edinburgh and in Fredrichsdorf, Germany. He studied art at the Royal Scottish Academy schools. In 1871 he removed to London and for a time was on the staff of the Graphic. In 1874 he was elected an associate of the Royal Water Color Society and he was an original member of the Painter-Etcher Society. Amer MCCALLA, BOWMAN HENDRY. An ican rear-admiral, retired, died May 6, 1910. He was born in Camden, N. J., in 1844, and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1864. His first assignment after his graduation was on the steam sloop Susque through his efforts the site at University Heights was acquired and the great buildings, including the Library and the Hall of Fame, were erected thereon. Among his published writings are: Tercentenary of Presbyterianism (1870); Leaders of the Church Universal (1879); Cities and Universities (1882); The Scotch-Irish in America (1884); Kant and Lotze (1885); John Calvin (1888); A Metropolitan University (1892); Educational Progress in the United States in the Quarter Century ending 1893: The Three Essentials (1901), and The Hall of Fame (1901). MCCREA, R. C. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Political and Social Science. MCCULLOGH, F. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Travel and Description. MCCUTCHEON, GEORGE BARR. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Fiction. hanna in the Brazil squadron in 1865 after the ern University of Pennsylvania (now the UniCivil War was over. From the Susquehanna versity of Pittsburg) from 1881 to 1884. In he was transferred to the steam sloop 1884 he became professor of philosophy at New Brooklyn in the South Atlantic squadron in York University. From 1885 to 1891 he was 1866, and thence he went to the Kearsarge in vice-chancellor of the university, and from the Pacific squadron. In 1887 while he was in 1891 was chancellor. Under his administration command of the Enterprise in the European the university became one of the prominent squadron he was court-martialled for striking institutions of learning in the country. Largely a sailor with his sword. He was sentenced to be dismissed from the navy but before the order of dismissal could be promulgated, and through the intervention of other officers who knew his worth as a stern disciplinarian, the sentence was mitigated to three years' suspension from the service and the loss of numbers. His punishment was further softened and in 1891 an order was signed restoring him to duty, and in 1900 he was restored to his place in the navy list. At the beginning of the war with Spain he was in command of a small protected cruiser, Marblehead. He had brought discipline on this vessel to a high degree of perfection, and he directed the landing of the marines at Guantánamo Bay and led the forces of marines which drove back the Spaniards. During the time this position was held by the Americans, McCalla directed all affairs, won the confidence of the Cubans and superintended the landing of the great mass of supplies. McCalla was made a captain in 1898, and after a year's shore duty was attached to the Asiatic station. During the insurrection against the American forces he led a small band of 250 officers and men through the forests of Luzon to the relief of the city of Vigan. Six days later he received the formal surrender of the insurgents in the provinces of Isabella and Cagayan and in the Batan islands. During the Boxer outbreak in China in 1900 McCalla, then in command of the cruiser Newark, put himself at the head of 112 cfficers and men from his ship and joined the forces of relief under the British Admiral Seymour. He was at the battle of Tientsin, receiving a wound in that engagement. He was advanced three numbers in grade for his service during this campaign. He was later put in command of the new ship Kearsarge and in 1903 of the San Francisco naval training station. While he was at this post he was advanced to the grade of rear-admiral, and in 1903 he was commandant of the Mare Island Navy Yard in California, where he remained until he was retired in June, 1906. MacCALLUM, M. W. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Essays and Literary Criticism. MacCARTHY, DESMOND. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Biography. MCCORMACK, T. J. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Biography. MacCRACKEN, HENRY MITCHELL. An American educator, retired September 28, 1910, as Chancellor of New York University. He was born at Oxford, O., in 1840 and graduated from Miami University in 1857. He studied at the U. P. Theological Seminary, at the Princeton Theological Seminary and at the universities of Tübingen and Berlin. In 185761 he was teacher and superintendent of schools in Ohio. He was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1863 and from that year to 1867 was pastor of the Westminster Church, Columbus, O. From 1868 to 1881 he was pastor of the First Church of Toledo. He was professor of philosophy and chancellor of the West MacDONALD, J. R. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Travel and Description. MacDONALD, WILLIS Goss. An American surgeon, died December 30, 1910. He was born at Cobleskill, N. Y., in 1863, and was educated at the New York State Normal School and at Cornell University. He graduated from the Albany Medical School in 1887, and in 1889-90 studied at the University of Berlin. He was for several years resident surgeon and surgeon at the Albany Hospital, and was lecturer on surgery and adjunct professor of surgery at the Albany Medical School until 1895. In 1896 he became surgeon at the Albany Hospital, and in 1900 became professor of abdominal surgery at the Albany Medical College. He was major and surgeon of the United States Volunteers in 1898, and was in charge of the surgical division of depot hospitals at Fort McPherson, Georgia, during the Spanish-American war. From 1900 to the time of his death he was a member of the New York State Tuberculosis Commission. He was a member of many medical societies and was one of the most eminent surgeons in the United States. He contributed extensively to surgical journals. MacDOWELL, E. A. See MUSIC. MCENERY, SAMUEL DOUGLAS. United States Senator from Louisiana, died June 28, 1910. He was born at Monroe, La., in 1827. He was educated at the Spring Hill College, United States Naval Academy and the University of Virginia. He studied law at the latter institution, and in the National Law School, receiving his degree in 1859. He served in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and at its close engaged in the practice of law. He served in the State legislature in the early 70's and in 1876 was the leader of the White League Movement in Northern Louisiana, which overthrew the negro and the Republican government. He was elected lieutenant-governor in 1879, and on the death of Governor Wiltz in 1881 he succeeded to the governorship. He was re-elected in 1884 but was defeated for nomination in the Democratic convention in 1888. Upon his retirement from the office of governor |