ers. HUMANE ASSOCIATION وو Chronicles of Henry VIII. (1889); Courtships of Queen Elizabeth (1896-1904); Sir Walter Kaleigh (1897); Spain, its Greatness and Decay (1898); Modern Spain (Story of the Nations Series) (1899); A History of the Spanish People (1901); The Love Affairs of Mary, Queen of Scots (1903); Cambridge Modern History, vols. 3 and 4 (1904-5); Spanish Influence on English Literature (1905); Queens of Old Spain (1906); Through Portugal (1907); The Court of Philip IV. (1907); Two English Queens and Philip (1908); Queen Elizabeth and Her England (1910). He wrote also many historical articles in the principal English and Spanish magazines and reviews. He was an academician of the Royal Spanish Academy, of the Royal Spanish Academy of History, and of the Royal Galatian Academy. HUMPERDINCK, ENGELBERT. See MUSIC. HUMPHREY GAS PUMP. See PUMPING MACHINERY. HUMUS. See SOILS. HUNEKER, J. G. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Essays and Literary Criticism. HUNGARY. See AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. porated in 1903. The Association holds annual Regiment. His numerous publications include: meetings in various cities, and under its auspices, in connection with its 34th annual meet ing, there was held in Washington, October 10-15, 1910, the first American International Humane Conference. This conference was called to discuss certain practical problems relating to the prevention of cruelty to animals and children, to exchange views concerning methods and policies now practiced, to encourage unity and cocperation among humanitarians and to promote humane progress throughout the world. The sessions of October 10, 11, and 12 were devoted exclusively to the subject of child protection and addresses were made by experts on this subject. Among those who contributed to the discussion were Mr. A. Doria, the General Director of Prisons and Reformatories in Italy, who read a paper entitled "The Methods Followed in Italy for the Reformation of Young Girl Criminals." Mr. Nicholas Loutchinsky of St. Petersburg read a paper on The Reform of Criminal Children in Russia." Mr. Tong Kaison of Peking, China, read a paper of unusual interest on "The Anti-Foot-Binding Movement in China." "Child Protection in Australia was discussed by Mrs. D. R. McConnell of Brisbane, Australia, and oth"Work for the Protection of Children in HUNNEWELL, JAMES FROTHINGHAM, Canada" was the title of a paper by Mr. W. F. American merchant, author and bibliographer, Carsley, President of the Montreal Society for died in November, 1910. He was born in the Protection of Women and Children. Many Charlestown, Mass., in 1832. He was educated other papers were read on questions relating to in private schools and engaged in business, but the care of children in the United States and in found time to write extensively on historical foreign countries. The sessions of October 13, subjects. Among his published works are: Bibli14, and 15, were devoted to animal protection. ography of the Hawaiian Islands and Civiliza Among the important contributions were papers tion in the Hawaiian Islands (1869); The Lands en Japanese Attitude toward Animals," by M. of Scott (1871); Bibliography of Charlestown Honda of Tokio, Japan; "Have Animals and Bunker Hill (1880); Historical Monuments Rights?" by Henry S. Salt, Secretary of the of France (1884); The Imperial Island (1886); Humanitarian League, London, Eng.; Report A Century of Town Life (1888); Triumph of of the League for the Protection of Animals for Early Printing (1909) and Historical Museums the German Empire," by Otto Hartmann of (1909). He also edited The Relation of VirCologne, Germany; "Humane Conditions in ginia by Henry Spelman (1869-72), and Early Norway," by Karl Schiorn of Tonsberg, Nor- American Poetry (5 vols. with introductions, way. There were also important papers and 1894-1899). speakers from France, Holland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Argentina, and other foreign countries. The officers of the Association in 1910 HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN. An English arwere: President, Dr. W. O. Stillman; Vice- tist, died Sept. 7, 1910. He was born in London Presidents, Albert Leffingwell, Miss Caroline in 1827. His father was a poor man of the midEarle White, and E. W. Newhall; Secretary, dle class who was not able to give his son even Nathaniel J. Walker of Albany, N. Y. Presi- an ordinary education. While he was still a dent Taft acted as honorary president of the boy he was apprenticed to an auctioneer as a International Conference and is one of the vice- clerk and a few years of uncongenial work folpresidents of the Association. lowed. Even before this he had shown artistic aptitude, but his father would not give his consent to his following his bent. During his ap prenticeship he made several drawings which attracted attention and when his indentures had expired he struck out boldly to become an artist. He painted portraits three days a week and the rest of the time he spent in the British Museum copying pictures. He tried three times to enter the Academy before he succeeded. When he was seventeen years of age he first met Millais, who was then only fifteen, but who had already won the principal medal in antique in the Academy. A friendship then began between the two artists which continued for years. Hunt worked intelligently and in 1844 he had completed his first Academy picture. It was a portrait of a child entitled "Hark." With Millais he founded in 1848 the modern school, known as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. With them other well-known artists soon allied 66 HUME, MARTIN ANDREW SHARP. An English historial writer and educator, died July 1, 1910. He was born in London in 1848 and was educated in Madrid, where branches of his family had resided for over a century. During the campaign of 1878-79 he was attached to the Turkish army. In 1885 he unsuccessfully contested a seat for Parliament and again in 1886, 1892 and 1893. He travelled much in South America and Africa. His chief historical writings dealt with Spanish subjects and he was an authority on the relations of Spain and England, especially in the period of the Renaissance. He edited the Spanish State Papers of the Public Record Office, was lecturer in Spanish history and literature at Pembroke College, Cambridge, was examiner in Spanish and lecturer in the University of London and was examiner in the University of Edinburgh. He was a major, retired, of the Third Battalion, Essex HUNT, WILLIAM. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, History. themselves. The letters P. R. B. were signed to HURD, CHARLES EDWIN. An American literary critic, died April 21, 1910. He was born in 1833. He taught school for a short time during his youth and when about twenty years of age settled in Boston, where he found occasional employment on newspapers. He afterwards attempted a stage career, but returned soon to journalism. During the Fenian raid in Canada he acted as artist correspondent for Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly. He was successively editor of the Erie Despatch, and on the staff of a Providence paper and several Boston papers. In 1875 he became literary editor of the Boston Evening Transcript, and held this position until 1901, when he retired. He originated and conducted the notes and queries and genealogical departments on the Transcript, and contributed largely to the art, dramatic and editorial departments. Among his published writings are the following: New England Library of Genealogy and Personal History (1901); History of the United States (4 vols., 1906); also many translations from the French, German, Danish, Spanish, Swedish and Norwegian. HUTCHINS, H. B. See UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. tablishing a Department of Public Health and for other purposes," was read twice in the Senate and referred to the Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine. The bill aims to create a separate department of the national government and provides for a "Secretary of Public Health who shall be appointed by the President a Cabinet officer" with like tenure of office. The bill also aims to unite all the departments and bureaus concerned in medical or sanitary matters, including the Marine Hospital service, and contemplates the establishment of a Bureau of Biology, a Bureau of Chemistry, a Bureau of Veterinary Service, and a Bureau of Sanitary Engineering. PURIFICATION OF WATER. The purification of water by means of bleaching-powder, an impure product composed principally of calcium hypochlorites, has assumed practical importance during the past two years. This substance had previously been used for sewage disinfection and for the purification of typhoid-infected water in Maidstone, England. The use of bleaching-powder for the purification of the Jersey City water supply in 1908-9 stimulated interest in the subject during the past year. The degree of purification is indicated by the fact that, while bacteria in the untreated water ranged from 30 to 1600, the water treated by bleaching-powder contained but 15. Out of 455 tests the colon bacillus was found in only one sample. The simplicity and low cost of the process are remarkable. In an emergency a small plant can be put in operation within a few days and the cost averages under 40 cents for 1,000,000 gallons. A number of American cities have already employed the hypochlorite method, and among these are Harrisburg, Pa., Quincy, Ill., Minneapolis, Montreal, Toronto and Milwaukee. See CHEMISTRY and WATER PURIFICATION. A simple method of purifying drinking water is recommended to campers, prospectors and travelers by the Ontario health authorities. A level teaspoonful of chlorid of lime is rubbed up in a cup of water. This is diluted with three cups of water, and a tablespoonful of this mixture is thoroughly mixed into two gallons of the water to be purified. This will give between four and five parts of free chlorin to a million parts of water, which is sufficient to destroy in ten minutes all typhoid or cholera baeilli and dysentery-producing germs, yet leaving the water without taste or odor. This method has HUTH, ALFRED HENRY. An English bibli- been found effectual in purifying the germ-laden ophile and author, died October 14, 1910. He water of Toronto Bay. was born in 1850 and was educated at Rugby and Berlin University. He inherited a magnificent collection of rare and early printed books gathered by his father, Henry Huth. His father was an intimate friend of Henry Thomas Buckle, historian, and the son became the latter's bicgrapher in the Life and Writings of Henry Thomas Buckle. He wrote also Marriage of Near Kin (1875), Goethe's Faust in English verse (1889) and Adventures of Matthew Dudgeon (1894). INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS. The Committee of the International Office of Public Hygiene held a meeting in Paris in April, 1910. Nineteen Powers were represented, viz.: Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Egypt, Spain, the United States, France, Great Britain, India, Australia, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Prussia, Russia, Servia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Tunis. At this meeting the delegates examined the various questions relating to the extermination of rats and the adoption of international regulations requiring the extermination of rats on merchant ships. They also discussed the question of a uniform method of preparing antidiphtheritic serum, HYBRIDIZATION. See BIOLOGY. the question of weekly statistics on epidemic HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANTS. See diseases, and the disinfection of water taken to TRANSMISSION OF POWER. HUTTON, E. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Travel and Description, Biography. insure the stability of water ballast ships. |