HEYSE, PAUL JOHANN LUDWIG. A German Yard he became master shipwright in 1862. In author awarded the Nobel prize for literature 1864 he declined an offer to be assistant naval in 1910. He was born in Berlin in 1830 and constructor, but five years later he made apwas educated there and at the University of plication for an appointment to that position Bonne. He afterward travelled extensively, and and was successful. From California he was carried on philological studies in libraries of ordered to the Portsmouth Navy Yard and in Switzerland and Italy. Even earlier than this, 1875 was made naval constructor. After this however, he had made a dramatic essay entitled he served at the League Island Navy Yard and Francesca da Rimini. In 1851 appeared Urica, in 1881 was made a member of the first naval and in the following year, Die Brüder. These advisory board. In 1884 he was appointed aswere republished in 1854 and made Heyse so sistant chief of the Bureau of Construction in conspicuous that King Maximilian of Bavaria the Navy Department. In the same year he invited him to make his home at Munich. In went abroad to study foreign naval constructhat city he resided for several years, making tion, and the report which he made of his findfrequent visits to Italy. In later life he spent ings was used as a text-book among naval men. most of his time in that country. Heyse's many He was made chief constructor in 1893 and and varied productions made him a dominant served in this position during the period of figure among German men of letters. His prose naval expansion in 1901. Under his supervision fiction has been chiefly in the shape of short the construction of submarine torpedo boats was stories. These tales are models of their kind. inaugurated, the amount of wood in warships The best collection is Das Buch der Freund- was materially reduced, increase was made in schaft (1883). Perhaps the most famous single conveniences aboard ship for the comfort of short story is L'Arrabbiata He also wrote officers and men, and the plan of the inclined a few longer novels tinged with radical thought turret, sometimes called the Hichborn turret, on social and religious questions. Among was adopted. He retired in March, 1901. these are Kinder der Welt (1873), and Im Among his works on naval subjects were EuroParadise (1875). His writings include also a pean Dockyards; Standard Boats, and Sheathed large number of lyric and epic poems of high and Unsheathed Ships. He was the inventor of merit. The best known of the longer poems is the Franklin life-buoy. Thekla (1858). In his dramas he maintained See LITERATURE, ENGa high level, although he did not in any of them attain the highest dramatic rank. The best known of his dramas include Maria von Magdala (1899), Der Heilige (1902) and Die Tochter der Semiramis (1905). A collection of his novels and short stories was published in 1897-99, and tales separately in 1904. His dramatic writings are contained in thirty-four volumes (1864-1903), and a volume of Reminiscences from his pen appeared in 1900. HEYWOOD, W. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, History. HIBBARD, GEORGE ALBEE. An American public official, mayor of Boston, Mass., 190810, died May 29, 1910. He was born in Boston in 1864 and was educated in the public schools of the city. He engaged in the wholesale produce business, and later conducted the business of an insurance broker. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1894-5 and was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1896. In 1900 he was appointed postmaster of Boston, serving until 1908, when he resigned to become candidate for the mayoralty against John F. Fitzgerald. In this campaign he was successful. He was in duced to become a candidate again in 1910 against John F. Fitzgerald and James J. Storrow, the Independent candidate. Fitzgerald was elected and the defeat of Storrow was by some attributed to the fact that Hibbard was a candidate. After this defeat Mr. Hibbard retired from public life. HIBBEN, J. G. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Philosophy and Religion. HICHENS, ROBERT. HIGH PRESSURE FIRE SERVICE. See HIGH SCHOOLS. See EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. HIGHWAYS. See PAVEMENTS. HILL, ADAMS SHERMAN. An American educator, died December 25, 1910. He was born in Boston in 1833 and graduated from Harvard College in 1853. He studied law at the Harvard Law School and from 1856 to 1868 acted as law reporter, correspondent and editor in New York, Washington and Chicago. From 1872 to 1876 he was assistant professor of rhetoric at Harvard College and from 1876 to 1904 was Boyls ton professor of rhetoric and oratory at the same institution. In the latter year he retired with the rank of professor emeritus. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Harvard in 1903. He was the author of Principles of Rhetoric (1878; revised edition, 1895); Our English (1889); Foundations of Rhetoric (1892); Beginning of Rhetoric and Composi tion (1903). He also contributed to leading reviews and magazines. HILL, DAVID BENNETT. An American public official and lawyer, former Senator of the United HICHBORN, PHILIP. An American rear- State and governor of New York, died Ocadmiral, retired, died May 1, 1910. He was tober 20, 1910. He was born at Havana, N. Y., born in Charlestown, Mass., in 1839 and re- in 1843 and was educated in the district schools ceived his early education at the Boston High, and in Havana Academy. His father was a School. He served for five years as shipwright carpenter in poor circumstances. He studied apprentice at the Boston Navy Yard, and by law in the office of Erastus B. Hart in Elmira, direction of the government took a course of N. Y., and in 1864 was admitted to the bar. special instruction in ship construction, calcula- While he was still a law student he became tion and design. In 1860 he went from Boston actively interested in politics. When but sevento California, and in the Mare Island Navy teen years of age he made a speech on the occasion of the raising of a flag-pole in honor of trines. Following the defeat of President CleveStephen A. Douglas. His first office was that of land in 1888, the latter's friends in New York city attorney of Elmira. He was elected to the gave themselves to the effort to have him Assembly in 1871 and re-elected in the following renominated four years later. Hill was equally year. During his service in the Assembly he was determined that he himself should be the Demoon the judiciary committee with Samuel J. Til- cratic nominee. He made a tour in the South den and took a prominent part in the reform for the purpose of winning delegates and in legislation which the latter went to Albany to 1891 had himself elected United States Senator pass. From his first participation in politics, to succeed Senator Hiscock. In the State ConSenator Hill was lieutenant to Tilden. With vention he was declared the State's choice for Daniel S. Lamont, Edward Cooper, and Abram President. This convention had been called toS. Hewitt, he helped Tilden to fight Tammany gether by Senator Hill and it was known as a Hall. After having served two terms as alder- " snap convention." It greatly angered Mr. man in Elmira he was elected mayor of that Cleveland and his friends. Hill had the supcity in 1882 on a reform ticket. At this time port of the regular Democratic organization, Grover Cleveland was beginning to be a prom- while William C. Whitney was in charge of the inent figure in the Democratic party, and when Cleveland forces. At the convention held in the latter was nominated in 1882 for governor, Chicago Cleveland won the nomination on the Hill was placed on the ticket for lieutenant- first ballot by a vote of 6171⁄2 delegates, while governor. He continued to be lieutenant- Hill had but 114. Following President Clevegovernor of the State until 1885, when Cleve- land's election considerable trouble arose beland was inaugurated as President. He then tween him and Senator Hill over the distribubecame governor and held this office until Jan- tion of patronage in New York State. The uary, 1892, when he was succeeded by Roswell President acted in his appointments without P. Flower. His tenure of office as governor was special regard for the Democratic organization. exceeded in length only three times in the history There was no open hostility until the President of the State, by George Clinton, De Witt Clin- nominated William B. Hornblower as Associate ton, and Daniel D. Tompkins. Senator Hill Justice of the Supreme Court of the United was at first a strong supporter of President States. Senators Hill and Murphy at once anCleveland and he exerted all his political nounced that they would make an issue of the ability to bring about the nomination and right of the President to ignore them. They election of Mr. Cleveland as President. Dur- were supported by Senator Gorman, then the ing his first term as governor the legislature chief power in the Senate. Senator Hill made was Republican and with it he carried on an an eloquent speech against nominating Hornuncompromising battle. He vetoed many bills, blower and the Senate voted against the nomilargely for party reasons, and the legislature nation. The President shortly afterwards retaliated by refusing to confirm his nomina- nominated Wheeler H. Peckham and Hill and tions. At the end of the regular session there Murphy were again prepared to oppose him. was a deadlock and he was obliged to call an After a conference with the President, however, extraordinary session, in which, however, he was their opposition to Peckham was withdrawn. able to accomplish little. Although he was re- Thereafter Senator Hill was a defender of the nominated for the governorship, there was a administration. lack of enthusiasm for him in the party because many thought that he could not be trusted. His Republican opponent was Ira Davenport. The campaign on the part of the Republicans was carried on also with a lack of enthusiasm. At a meeting held in Brooklyn, which began apathetically, Mr. Hill, who had begun his speech quietly, suddenly changed his manner and cried out in ringing words, "I am a Democrat." The effect was electrical. The sentence was taken as the keynote of the campaign and Davenport was defeated by 11,134 votes. For the rest of his life Mr. Hill was cartooned in a small silk hat, decorated by a long feather, which bore the words "I am a Democrat." During his second administration, Governor Hill's plan to do away with hanging and substitute death by electricity as punishment for capital crimes was brought to a successful conclusion in the face of violent opposition. Senator Hill was often accused of treachery to President Cleveland in the latter's second administration. He did not approve of the President's tariff views, and in the campaign he stated plainly that if there were any who meditated cutting the national ticket they should cut the State ticket as well. He himself worked hard in the campaign and the fact that he carried the State and Cleveland lost it was always considered by him not so much a personal tribute as evidence that the Democrats were afraid of President Cleveland's tariff doc In 1894 he was nominated for governor against his will and was defeated by Levi P. Morton, the Republican candidate, by a majority of 156,108. Opposition to the election of Isaac H. Maynard, a candidate for the Supreme Court on the Democratic ticket, was the chief cause of the tremendous overthrow. Maynard had been proved corrupt. In the Democratic National Convention in St. Louis in 1896, Senator Hill was defeated for the temporary chairmanship by a vote of 556 to 349. At this convention William J. Bryan was nominated for the presidency on the free silver platform. Senator Hill would not speak for him in the campaign and was always in opposition to Mr. Bryan's doctrines. As a result of the election of President McKinley and the carrying of New York State by an enormous plurality, Senator Hill was succeeded in the Senate by Senator Platt in 1897. In 1898 Senator Hill came into conflict with Richard Croker, who was then the leader of Democratic politics in New York City. Croker wished the nomination of Augustus Van Wyck for governor, while Senator Hill favored the nomination of his law partner, John B. Stanchfield. The Republican candidate was Theodore Roosevelt. Van Wyck was nominated, but was defeated by only 17,794 votes. Senator Hill always maintained that Stanchfield could have beaten Roosevelt. Croker and his associates continued their measures against Senator Hill. An attempt was made at the National Convention of 1900 to humiliate him by removing him from the committee on resolu- American history. Among the important papers tions and substituting Van Wyck. They en- on the latter subject were those of Orin G. deavored, in addition, to press the nomination Libby of the University of North Dakota on for vice-president upon him, but he declined to be considered. He was active in the campaign of 1900 and supported the nomination of Bird S. Coler for governor. His wishes were disregarded and John B. Stanchfield, who had in the meantime joined with the Croker forces, won the nomination. He was defeated by Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. Two years later Senator Hill succeeded in bringing about the nomination of Coler, but Odell again won by 8803 votes. It was generally believed that the defeat of Coler was brought about by the insertion of a plank in the platform calling for state ownership of coal mines. Senator Hill was directly responsible for the inclusion of this plank in the platform. Inter New Light on the Explorations of the Verendrye; The American Intervention in West Florida by Isaac J. Cox of the University of Cincinnati; A Century of Steamboat Navigation on the Ohio, by Archer B. Hulbert of Marietta College; and Early Forts on the Upper Mississippi, by Dan E. Clark of the State Historical Society of Iowa. Upon Ancient History papers were contributed by Robert W. Rogers of Drew Theological Seminary, George W. Botsford of Columbia University, R. F. Scholz of the University of California and Walter L. Westermann of the University of Wisconsin. On December 29 a general session was held commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of secession. esting papers dealing with this period were In 1904 Senator Hill was largely instru- those of Worthington C. Ford on Cotton and mental in carrying New York State for Alton B. Border Politics, 1859-1860, of Carl R. Fish on Parker. He controlled the Democratic State the Decision of the Ohio Valley, of Edward S. Convention, which was instructed to vote as a Corwin on the Dredd Scott Decision, and of unit for Parker, who was nominated in the Andrew C. McLaughlin on the Doctrine of SeNational Convention. Following the defeat cession and Coercion. A conference of archiof Mr. Parker for the presidency by Theo- vists was also held, as well as a conference of dore Roosevelt, Senator Hill practically re- teachers of history in teachers' colleges and tired from politics. In spite of his politi- normal schools and a conference of State and cal activities he had been one of the most local historical societies. The publications prominent lawyers in the State, and from this of the society include the Annual Report, time until his death he practiced law and was the American Historical Review and the associated in some of the most important cases Handbook. Under the auspices of the society before the courts. He was unquestionably one is being published a series of Original Narraof the ablest lawyers of his day. His personality tives of Early American History, and it is aswas not inspiring, as he had a certain cool aloof- sisting in the publication of an annual bibliog ness which prevented familiarity. As a political raphy, Writings on American History, and of fighter New York State has probably never seen the series of Acts of the Privy Council of Engbis equal. He did excellent work in the Senate land, Colonial. The officers of the Association and was identified with some of the most im- in 1910 were: President, Frederick J. Turner; portant measures passed by that body during Vice-Presidents, William M. Sloane and Theohis term of service. It was frequently said of him that while many decried him as a peanut politician" because of his minute attention to details and his liking for quarrels, he had the mind of a statesman if not the conduct of one. He was a student of literature and of the politics of all countries. 66 HILL, JAMES J. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Political and Social Science. HIRSCH, H. See FRENCH LITERATURE. HIRST, W. A. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Travel and Description. HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, AMERICAN. A society for the promotion of historical studies, organized at Saratoga, N. Y., in 1884. Its membership in 1910 was 3000. The Association has from the first pursued the policy of admitting to membership not only those professionally or otherwise actively engaged in historical work, but also those whose interest in history or in the advancement of historical science is such that they desire to ally themselves with the Association and the furtherance of its objects. Its principal office is fixed at Washington and it is required to make an annual report to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, which holds annual meetings in different cities of the United States. The meeting for 1910, which was the 26th, was held at Indianapolis, December 27-30. Among the topics discussed at the various sessions were Ancient History, Modern European History, American Diplomatic History, with special reference to Latin-American relations, Mediæval History and many important subjects dealing with dore Roosevelt; Secretary, Walter G. Leland; Treasurer, Clarence W. Bowen; and Secretary of the Council, Charles H. Haskins. HISTORY. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN; FRENCH LITERATURE; GERMAN LITERATURE. HITCHCOCK, F. H. See UNITED STATES, Post-office. HOBHOUSE, W. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, Philosophy and Religion. HOCKEY. The annual championship series of the American Amateur Hockey League was won for the second successive year by the New York Athletic Club seven, which only lost one game of the eight played. The final standing of the clubs in the league follows: New York A. C. won 7, lost 1; Wanderers Hockey Club won 6, lost 2; Crescent A. C. won 3, lost 5; St. Nicholas Hockey Club won 3, lost 5, and the Hockey Club of New York won 1, lost 7. The Wanderers of Montreal captured the championship of the Canadian Professional Hockey League winning 11 games and losing 1. The Ottawas finished second with 9 games won and 3 lost. In the contest for the Stanley Cup, the Wanderers were also victorious. The championship of the Intercollegiate League went to the Princeton team, which won every game played. Harvard was second with 4 victories and 1 defeat, and Cornell third with 2 victories and 2 defeats. Columbia failed to win a game. HOCKING VALLEY RAILROAD. RAILWAYS. HODENPYL, EUGENE. thologist, died May 5, 1910. See An American pa Plainfield, N. J., in 1863, and graduated from Harper's Weekly. At this time he first painted the College of Physicians and Surgeons in in oil. In 1864 he was elected an associate of 1885. He acted as house physician and the National Academy and in the following year pathologist at the Roosevelt and other hos- was made an academician. His pictures atpitals in New York City. In the early tracted attention and in 1867 he went to Europe part of 1910, he came into prominence for a brief stay. He frequently exhibited in through the publication of a preliminary paper London and Paris and gained special success concerning some discoveries that he had made abroad in his studies of negro figures. One of regarding the course and treatment of cancer. his first pictures to attract attention was Physicians had long noticed in cancer cases that "Prisoners to the Front," which he painted in occasionally a case was presented which ap- Washington during the war. This picture parently had cured itself." Dr. Hodenpyl en- made a profound impression, owing largely to countered such a case and had noted the pres- the state of mind of the country at that time. ence of a dropsical fluid in the abdominal cavity After his war pictures had become known, he which it was necessary to remove frequently. turned his attention to studies of negro life and It occurred to him that this fluid might contain at a later stage of his career painted fishernature's cure for cancer and on that line he folk and the hunters in the Adirondacks. proceeded to experiment with gratifying results. also worked to some extent in the field of landHe employed the use of this fluid in forty-seven scape. His studies of fishermen were made first cases, but his observation up to the time of his at Gloucester, where his paintings of the sea death had not proceeded far enough to deter- showed his genius in a new light. "The Life mine whether or not the treatment was effica- Line," "Undertow," and " Perils of the Sea cious. In all cases, however, the cancerous are among his well-known sea studies. "The tumors had grown smaller and in some they had Hunter," exhibited by him at the World's Fair completely disappeared. in Chicago, received the gold medal, and he won a gold medal at Paris in 1900. He painted also in water colors and in 1866 was one of the founders of the Water Color Society. The last two years of his life he painted altogether in water colors. Mr. Homer was perhaps the best known of contemporary American painters at the time of his death. HODGSON, F. C. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN, History. HOFMANN, JOSEF. See MUSIC. HOG CHOLERA. See VETERINARY SCIENCE. HOGG, JAMES. An English publisher, died January, 1910. He was born in 1829, the son of James Hogg, the Edinburgh printer and publisher. He early engaged in business with his father. As editor of Hogg's Instructor, in 1850, he met De Quincey, who afterwards became a regular contributor to that magazine. In 1858, with his brother, John, he founded in London a branch publishing house which afterwards took over the entire business of James Hogg and Sons. This firm was dissolved in 1867. Mr. Hogg was the author of De Quincey and His Friends. HOGS. See STOCK-RAISING. HOLBACH, M. M. See LITERATURE, ENG- HOLMES, D. T. See LITERATURE, ENGLISH HOLMES, LUDWIG. A Swedish-American clergyman and poet, died in November, 1910. He was born in Sweden in 1858 and received his early education in that country. He removed to Illinois, where he spent the greater part of his life. He held important office in the Lutheran church in that State. In 1897 he was honored by King Oscar of Sweden with the jubilee token in silver and in 1901 with the Llue ribbon which is the highest Swedish award for literary merit. His best-known work is a volume called Dickter af Ludvig. HOMER, WINSLOW. An American artist, died September 30, 1910. He was born in Boston in 1834. He showed great interest in painting from childhood and began the study of art in Boston. At the age of nineteen he entered the employ of a lithographer, where he remained for two years. In 1859 he settled in New York and began to study at the school of the National Academy and under F. Rondel. He began to illustrate for various publishers and was sent to the front in the Civil War for He HOME RULE. See GREAT BRITAIN, History; also MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. HONDURAS. A Central American republic. The capital is Tegucigalpa. AREA AND POPULATION. The estimated area is 44,274 square miles; another estimate places the area at 46,250 square miles. The popula tion, according to official figures, was 500,136 at the end of 1905. A recent estimate, probably exaggerated, is 745,000. The population is principally Indian. The larger towns, with estimated population, are: Tegucigalpa, 35,000; Juticalpa, 17,800; Nacaome, 12,040; La Esperanza, 11,500. For primary instruction, which is free, secular, and nominally compulsory, there are about 850 schools with about 30,000 pupils. There are several secondary and normal schools and, at the capital, an institution for higher and professional education. INDUSTRIES. The people are engaged principally in agriculture and cattle-raising. The most important crops are bananas and corn. In 1909 the Atlantic coast district produced about 9,000,000 bunches of bananas, and the total yield of corn was reported at 478,395 bushels. Other products are coffee (5,500,000 pounds in 1909), sugar, tobacco, rubber, and fruits. There is some exploitation of the forests, which are rich in cabinet woods. Mineral deposits, which include gold, silver, copper, and many other metals, are remarkable in richness and quantity, but they are not extensively worked. COMMERCE. For the fiscal year ending July 31, 1908, imports and exports were valued at 7,075,085 pesos (silver) and 4,585,157 pesos respectively; for 1909, 6,841,115 and 5,275,094. With the average gold premium at 165 during the latter year, the imports and exports are represented by $2.581,553 and $1,990,601 respectively. The leading imports are cotton textiles and breadstuffs and other provisions. Classified exports in 1909 were: Vegetable prod ucts, $1,203,905; mineral products, $662.957; HONDURAS animal products, $116,236; manufactures, $6158; miscellaneous, $1345. The more important exports included: Bananas, 4,630,241 bunches, valued at 2,410,193 pesos (silver); cyanide products, 1,423,193 pesos; cocoanuts, 8,035,262 in number, 300,104 pesos; silver, 267,023 pesos; coffee, 153,635 pesos; cattle hides, 139,623 pesos; cattle, 126,263 pesos. Imports from and exports to the principal countries in the fiscal year 1909 were respectively: United States, $1,769,877 and $1,834,565; Great Britain, $245,258 and $12,191; Germany, $233,515 and $71,793; France, $114,891 and $1428. 347 COMMUNICATIONS. There are about 100 miles of railway, including a line of 57 miles from Puerto Cortez to Pimienta and one of 32 miles from Ceiba into the Zacate banana lands. Several new lines and extensions are projected. Steamers ply the Ulua River from its mouth to Progreso, 125 miles. Reported miles of telegraph, 3600, with 217 offices. Post-offices, 256. FINANCE. For the year ending July 31, 1909, net revenue amounted to 3,408,574 pesos (silver), of which customs duties yielded 2,379,926 pesos; expenditure, 8,548,388 pesos, of which 3,822,234 were ordinary (including 1,495,829 for war), 4,317,106 on special accounts, and 409,048 on account of the internal debt. This debt stood on that date at 4,019,253 pesos; the external debt (of which a considerable portion is in dispute), £22,470,510, of which £17,071,940 were arrears of interest. The value of the peso is about 37 cents, fluctuating with the price of silver. ARMY. There is an active army of about 2000 officers and men. The effective strength of the reserves is about 50,000, latest reports giving 49,431 officers and men, of whom 955 are officers and 2900 non-commissioned officers. By law every citizen is liable for service in the active army from his 21st to 35th year and in the reserve from his 35th to 40th. GOVERNMENT. The executive authority is vested in a president, elected by direct vote for four years. The legislative power rests with a unicameral congress of 42 members. The executive in 1910 was Gen. Miguel R. Dávila, who assumed provisional charge of the presidency April 18, 1907, and became president carly in the following year. HONGKONG lish residents and the confiscation of their prop- DURAS. HONEY BEE. See ENTOMOLOGY. HONGKONG. An island off the southeast coast of China, constituting, with 4 square miles of the peninsula of Kowlun (which is part of Hongkong proper) and a strip of territory on the mainland leased from China, a British crown colony. Area of the island, about 30 square miles; of the leased territory, 376 square miles. Population of Hongkong (1907 "estimate), 421,499 (Chinese, 401,461); of the leased territory, 100,000, exclusively Chinese. Capital, Victoria. Births 4.17, deaths 27.55 per 1000 of the population in 1908 (calculated only on the population of Hongkong and Kowlun), Chinese emigrants (1908), 71,081; Chinese immigrants, 157,809. There are government and other schools; expenditure (1908), 205,875 dollars. The important industries are cotton-spinning, sugar-refining, ship-building and repairing, rope-making, cement manufacture, flour-milling, brewing (latterly), the fabrication of knit goods, and deep-sea fishing. Hongkong is a free port (save for the ordinance passed September 17, 1909, imposing a tax on liquors) and the centre of trade for many classes of goods, mostly transit; it is fortified, and has a magnificent harbor. There are no official returns of trade, which is chiefly with Great Britain (about one-half), India, Australia, the United States, and Germany. The British Board of Trade returns give the imports into Great Britain from Hongkong for 1909 at £455,674, against £510,495 in 1908; and exports of British produce to Hongkong at £3,713,852, against £3,088,340. Registered shipping (December, 1908), 45,521 tons. Total tonnage entered (1908), 11,164,386; cleared, 11,142,731. The money of account is the Mexican dollar. Revenue (1909), 6,822,966 dollars, against HISTORY. In August the arrest of revolutionists under ex-President Bonilla and General Lee Christmas, who had been active on the Guatemalan border, was reported by President Cabrera. There were conflicting reports about the revolution in Honduras. President Cabrera of Guatemala was supposed by some to have encouraged the revolution and it was reported that President Dávila or Honduras himself had expressed a suspicion to this effect. It was reported afterward, however, that President Cabrera denied the charge and said that Bonilla was still in confinement at the Guatemalan 6,104,207 in 1908 (derived mainly from land capital. In November, Bonilla and Christmas, having been expelled from Guatemala, were in New Orleans. There were signs of anti-British feeling in the town of Ceiba, where three British citizens of Jamaica had been killed and others maltreated. A British cruiser appeared on the coast and demanded an indemnity. Serious complaints were brought against Governor Valladares for his treatment of the foreign residents of Amapala. He was said to be especially bitter against the Americans and to have ordered the imprisonment of American and Eng taxes, licenses, quarry rent, and an opium |