canism pre-supposes political equality. And if we examine the lexicographers they too define a citizen as one who possesses the rights of suffrage (or a vote). Bouvier says, "A citizen is a person who, under the constitution and laws of the United States Republic, has a right to vote for public offices." Worcester says, “A citizen is an inhabitant of a Republic who has a right to vote for public offices." Webster says, "In the United States Republic a citizen is a person who has the right of exercising the elective franchise." Richard Grant White says, "A citizen is a person who has political rights, and the word can only be properly used to imply the possession of such rights." The very meaning of a Republican government is clear-it is the right of honest and rational adult members thereof to individual choice of representation. Yet the national government of no Republic protects woman in the right to representation or gives her a voice therein. In consequence of this, confiscation of liberties, rights and privileges of woman-politically, legally, civilly, in trade, and in all and everything concerning her,

occurs again, again and again; and (as in such government non-representation is equivalent to ostracism) her interests are ignored, overlooked and uncared for. Woman, like the fabled Prometheus, lies chained and helpless while the vulture preys on her vitals.

In speaking of woman in democracy I shall speak of her chiefly in the one I belong to, as her position therein is, on the whole, better than in any other. You know, of course, that the vast North American democratic Republic is a collection of many States. In the forty-one States embraced in these United States, every citizen twenty-one years of age has a voice in the government, through individual choice of representation; or has the right to complete selfgovernment through having votes, or the right to make all laws under which he lives-with the following exceptions.

*The citizen must be twenty-one years of age a couple of the Southern States insist upon educational qualifications, which are, however, not hard to overcome as a few months' instruction suffices. (The intention is to bar out illiterate negroes.) But the difficulty of sex can never be overcome. Once a woman, never a voter.

In Alabama all citizens have votes or right to self-government except persons convicted of the crimes of treason, idiots, lunatics, and women.

In Arkansas all citizens have votes or selfgovernment except persons convicted of heinous crimes, the insane, and women.

In California all citizens have votes or selfgovernment except persons convicted of embezzlement of public money, of infamous crimes, idiots, lunatics and women.

In Connecticut all citizens, who can read English have votes or self-government except those convicted of heinous crimes and women.

In Delaware all citizens have self-government or votes except persons convicted of infamous crimes, felons, women, idiots and lunatics.

In Florida all citizens have self-government or votes except lunatics, women, and persons guilty of heinous crimes.

In Georgia all citizens have self-government except persons convicted of perjury, bribery, murder, the insane and women.

In Illinois all citizens have self-government except persons convicted of bribery in elections,

the inmates of insane and criminal institutions,

and women.

In Indiana all citizens have votes or self-government except persons guilty of infamous crimes, lunatics, imbeciles and women.

In Iowa all citizens have votes or self-government except the insane, women, and persons convicted of heinous offences.

In Kansas all citizens have complete suffrage or self-government except public embezzlers, persons guilty of treason and felony, the insane, and women.

In Kentucky all citizens possess self-government or votes who are not imprisoned for crime or lunacy, except women.

In Maine all citizens have self-government except public paupers, idiots, the insane, and

women.

In Maryland all citizens have self-government except perpetrators of heinous crimes, the insane and women.

In Massachusetts all citizens who can read English can vote, except paupers, persons under guardianship, criminals and women.

In Louisiana all citizens have votes except felons under indictment, the insane and women.

In Michigan all citizens have self-government except women, duellists, incarcerated criminals, and lunatics.

In Minnesota all citizens have self-government except those convicted of treason, arson, those who are non compos mentis and women.

In Mississippi all citizens have self-government except women, bigamists, (who have been convicted), perjurers, and the inmates of prisons and institutions for the feeble minded.

In Missouri all citizens have votes or selfgovernment except criminals the insane, the feeble-minded and women.

In Montana all citizens have votes or selfgovernment except perpetrators of unpardonable offences, women and the insane.

In Nebraska all citizens have self-government or votes except those convicted of treason, arson, felony, the insane and women.

In Nevada all citizens have self-government or votes except unpardoned convicts, women and the feeble-minded.