and the modernized version today is identified as the "International System of Units" (SI). The above units and other SI units are listed in the Annex of ISO Recommendation R 1000. (4) Metrication: any act tending to increase the use of the metric system.

(5) Engineering standard: a practice established by authority or mutual agreement and described in a document to assure dimensional compatibility, quality of product, uniformity of evaluation procedure, or uniformity of engineering language. Examples are documents prescribing screw thread dimensions, chemical composition and mechanical properties of steel,

dress sizes, safety standards for motor vehicles, methods of test for sulphur in oil, and codes for highway signs. Engineering standards may be designated in terms of the level of coordination by which they were established (e.g., company standards, industry standards, national standards).

(6) Shop drawings: drawings or prints with dimensions, tolerances, and other specifications from which parts are fabricated.

(7) Research & development: laboratory activity directed toward development of new kinds of products and processes but not immediately associated with production.

The purpose of this Part is to obtain information as to the present impact within the United States of the increasing worldwide and domestic use of the metric system and as to the probable future advantages and disadvantages of this increasing metric usage under two assumed courses of action: (1) no coordinated action on a national scale with regard to metrication; i.e., a continuation of the present practice of using the metric system or retaining the customary system when either appears to be economically and technically preferable to the other as a matter of individual company policy, or (2) a coordinated national program of metrication based on voluntary participation involving most sectors of the economy including education.

GUIDELINES

Your attention is directed to the document titled "Orientation for Company Metric Studies" (attached hereto) prepared by the Metric Advisory Committee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This document can serve as a source guide to supply you with background information and should prove of value in answering some of the questions in this Questionnaire. Other guidelines pertaining to specific questions have been inIcluded in the Instructions to those questions.

Other background materials are also attached for your information and reference. These include "ASTM Standard Metric Practice Guide", ISO Recommendation R1000", "Measuring Systems and Standards Organizations", and "The

Modernized Metric System" (NBS Special Publication 304A).

Although many of the questions ask for information that is conjectural rather than factual, the acquisition of this information is necessary for the study. Furthermore, it is evident that this information as obtained from individual companies will be more reliable than if obtained from other sources. Accordingly, your best estimates are earnestly solicited.

Since precise answers to many of the questions may be difficult to develop, considered estimates will suffice in those cases.

INSTRUCTIONS

IMPORTANT. Please note that except for question 1, which solicits information as to the number of employees in your Company* in the United States, and questions 18, 19, and 21, which solicit general comments, all other questions ask for company data applicable ONLY to the 4-digit SIC product group covered by this questionnaire. If a question or a segment of a question is not applicable (NA) to your type of business indicate that fact by the notation NA, but please be careful to differentiate between the use of NA and zero.

We may wish to communicate with your company regarding some item in this report. Accordingly, please designate at the end of the questionnaire the person you wish us us to contact.

For purposes of this survey "Company" is defined to include the parent firm and all domestic subsidiaries it owns or controls.

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this Part is to obtain information as to the costs and savings that would accrue to the manufacturing industry if the country were to follow a coordinated national program of metrication based on voluntary participation involving most sectors of the economy, including education.

The data collected in this survey will be presented in the Department of Commerce Report to Congress on an industry-wide basis and in such form that individual company data cannot be isolated.

THIS COST QUESTIONNAIRE APPLIES TO
YOUR DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ONLY

The attention of respondents is directed to "Orientation for Company Metric Studies" (attached hereto) prepared by the Metric Advisory Committee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to establish a basis for estimating added costs on an optimum schedule.

Other background materials are also attached for your information and reference. These include "ASTM Standard Metric Practice Guide", "ISO Recommendation R1000", "Measuring Systems and Standards Organizations", and "The Modernized Metric System" (NBS Special Publication 304A).

Please note that this Part of the Manufacturing Industry questionnaire is designed to report your in-house added cost only on a company basis.

DEFINITIONS

"Added cost" due to increased use of the metric system in a new or redesigned product is the increment of cost directly attributable to the use of the metric system over and above what the cost would have been had the new or redesigned product been designed and manufactured by using customary units.

"Net added cost" of metrication is added cost as defined above decreased by the savings during the transition period that accrue as a result

of the use of the metric system rather than the customary system.

"Value of sales" represents net selling values, F.O.B. plant, after discounts and allowances and excluding freight charges and excise taxes.

“Value of materials” as used in this questionnaire includes cost of purchased materials and parts, including standard parts and standard materials incorporated in the finished product (whether purchased or produced in-house), supplies, fuel, and electrical energy.

"Standard parts" are parts for which standards have been established on a national basis. These parts are interchangeable and normally can be purchased "off-the-shelf"; such as nuts, bolts, tires, sparkplugs, lamps, vacuum tubes, electric motors, and bearings.

"Standard materials" are sheet, plate, wire, bar stock, etc. manufactured to specified thicknesses, cross-sections, and shapes established on a national basis. These materials can normally be purchased "off-the-shelf".

"Optimum period" is that period of time in which the transition of the product from customary units to metric units can be accomplished at minimum cost to your company; it is normally the period during which the product is substantially redesigned.

ASSUMPTIONS

The assumptions stated herein are for the purpose of estimating "added cost" during the transition period for converting to metric production under a coordinated national program of metrication based on voluntary participation. They do not imply what course of action may be recommended or what course of action the country may follow after completion of the study.

Assume that:

1. The use of metric units and metric engineering standards will be increased only for new or redesigned products or new or redesigned parts of the product. Unless there are distinct advantages in changing, the production of an existing item will remain unchanged un

til the normal design life cycle of that product is completed and a new metric-designed product replaces it.

2. In-house designed products or components will be designed in metric units on a schedule that is compatible with normal obsolescence of tooling or with economically feasible conversion of tooling from customary to metric units. Existing items of production equipment will be used until their normal life cycles are completed. The only changes or conversion to metric units will be in dials, gages, some feedrate controls and indicating devices. Such changes will be made on an economic basis, (i.e. when the demand for metric designed parts or products requires a change).

3. Out-of-house production materials and components based on metric engineering standards will become available during the transition period at no substantial increase in cost.

4. Costs resulting from mating metric components with carry-over existing customary components at their interface are added costs.

5. The transition period will be the "optimum period" for most companies. However, for companies that produce product groups that are standard parts and/or standard materials, the transition period is not an "optimum period" but is a period that is dictated by the demands of the customers.

6. The metric system will be taught in all U. S. schools during the transition period and the general public will concurrently be gaining familiarity with this system of measurement.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

All elements of your manufacturing process, for the SIC product group reported on, should be investigated and any identifiable added costs associated with each element resulting from adoption of metric usage instead of customary usage should be noted.

There are two alternative Part B (blue) questionnaires. The one headed "Section 1" is for use by most companies. However, if this response covers a product group that comprises standard parts and/or standard materials, use the one headed "Section 2".

The list of areas of investigation that follows is identical with the list in item g. of both Sections of the questionnaire. Respondents are

requested to consolidate the added costs determined for all elements into the applicable listed areas of investigation of item g.

In some of the areas such as "Engineering & Research" or "Records & Accounting," there may be savings of a continuing nature that would start to be realized during the transition period. To the extent practicable, any such savings during the transition period should be computed and a net cost determined. In some cases, such net costs may be negative (i.e. where savings exceed costs).

The areas to be studied include: 1. Personnel Education

2. Engineering & Research & Associated
Documentation

3. Manufacturing & Quality Control
4. Records & Accounting

5. Standards Association Activity
6. Warehousing

7. Sales & Services

8. Other

Guidelines for those areas of study follow:

1. Only those workers who will be affected by the introduction of metric units will need training. In some cases, a short briefing or orientation is all that is necessary; in others, more detailed and formal instructions may be required.

2. a. What changes in engineering drawings over and above normal redesign changes, if any, will be necessary. What are the associated costs? What about new metric rulers, tables, handbooks, etc?

b. In your research department, determine what equipment will need new dials or changed indicators; what new test equipment, such as gage blocks and other metric standard devices, will need to be purchased, etc?

3. a. What existing production equipment needs new or modified dials, verniers, indicators, and the like, to read out in metric units? Will any production equipment actually need. replacement of feed-screws and what are the costs of replacement? In the latter case it may prove more economical to modify the feedscrew indicator to metric readings. Which precision machine tools will need optical position indicators in metric and which will need metric digital readout? Machines on which the feed rate is dependent on the pitch of the feed-screw, such as milling machines, require special in

vestigation. In some cases, the lead-screw drive arrangement may need to be changed. It is assumed that when a modification is expensive, it would be applied only in machines whose life before obsolescence is long.

b. What calipers, micrometers, and other tools that are furnished by your company will need to be replaced?

c. A review of the equipment used in quality control and the testing of the finished product should be made. Any added costs in changing dials, gages, etc., or even the replacement of certain equipment that cannot be changed to metric readout should be noted.

4. Included in this category are records, bookkeeping, billing, and other associated paperwork.

5. Added costs resulting from increased activity on standards organizations should be included. However, the added costs for the development of company standards will be covered in whichever department has that responsibility (e.g. Engineering or Design).

6. Added costs may accrue because of the necessity of additional inventories. These should be determined for the transition period.

7. Added costs in connection with sales, such as sales catalogues, service and replacement parts, advertising, and the like should be estimated.

8. Other elements peculiar to your operations will occur to you during your investigations. These should be noted and any added costs determined.

A different form should be used for each 4digit SIC Product Group that you report. For small companies this will be the principal SIC product group only but other SIC product groups may be included with it if it is not practicable to sever them. Added costs should be evaluated as the total dollar added costs occurring over the transition period, based on 1969 dollars, for the SIC product group produced by your company. Since the task of calculating added costs for all products in this SIC Product group by your company may be great, it may be expedient and possible to use a representative sample consisting of one or more typical items or products selected from the group of products being reported to serve as a basis for estimating the cost for the entire SIC product group of the company. However,

with the exception of question e in Section 1 or question f in Section 2, the information requested is for the total of all items in the 4-digit SIC product group produced by your company. INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION 1:

a. State the SIC 4-digit product group covered by this questionnaire. It should be the same as that shown to the left of your company name and address in Part A.

b. Check the box that includes the value of sales for all products produced by your company in the stated 4-digit SIC product group.

c. Note that a percentage is requested, the ratio of value of materials to your total value of sales of this 4-digit SIC product group produced by you, multiplied by 100.

d. A percentage is requested, the ratio of total "in-house net added cost" of metrication to your total value of sales of this 4-digit SIC product group produced by you, multiplied by 100. In the determination of total in-house net added cost it should be remembered that (1) any added cost of standard parts and standard materials are to be excluded and (2) savings are to be subtracted from added costs thus resulting in a total in-house net added cost of metrication. In cases in which this net added cost is negative, the percentage reported will be negative and should be prominently so marked.

f. Enter the number of years that you have determined is the optimum period of transition for this SIC product group produced by your company.

g. If the net added cost (added cost minus savings) is negative for any item or area of investigation, the percentage reported will be negative and should be prominently so marked. However, the sum of 1 through 8 should total 100 (or minus 100 if the percentage value in d is negative).

h. Because of the interrelationships, or interlocking, of various industries we would like to determine what the cost impact would be if your company converted this product to metric measurement during a coordinated national program of metrication of 10-year duration based on voluntary participation. Your considered estimate will be appreciated.