1 twisting B, around the objective mounting, and noting the results. As the field is dark, quite faint stars serve. Before use the level was carefully calibrated. An observation is made by setting the telescope, pointing east, so that the image of a known star passes the intersection of the cross-hairs, starting a stopwatch, stopping the watch by a clock, reading both ends of the bubble; then pointing west and repeating. This gives the instants of two passages of the star across a small horizontal circle of about 2° or 3° radius; the mean of these is the clock time of transit over the meridian. If there is a change in level reading, this is allowed for by the formulas for the method of equal altitudes, e.g., Comstock's "Field Astronomy," par. 64, equations (108) and (109). As but one star is used, the correction terms depending on declination vanish. Of course the best results are obtained with stars which pass very near the zenith, they being very near the prime vertical. The computations are almost as simple as those with a meridian transit instrument. With the arrangement used, the interval between upward and downward passages is about 16 minutes. At Manila ten or twelve of the ten-day stars in the American Ephemeris are bright enough and culminate near enough to the zenith for this apparatus. I have made a good many trials, of which a large number were unsatisfactory, the concrete sidewalk on which the tripod stood, and on which I had to move about from one sighting or reading position to another, not being stable enough. However, a position was found where the bubble moved from this cause only an uncertain fraction of a division, and the results in the table were there obtained. The columns marked "corrections for star time-time-ball time" give the corrections to be added to the time-piece reading, found as above, to give the standard mean time (E. 120°), computed from the geographical position (known to 0.1 sec.), and the star tables, or the same interpolated from the noon-time fall of the Manila Observatory time-ball. As is to be expected, the latter correction is gen erally found to be smaller, for the time-ball has to drop a short distance for its motion to be perceived. Taking into consideration the clumsiness of the attachment, the uncertainties of stopwatch readings, the instability of the platform and the inexperience of the observer, the table indicates that under better conditions the method would be exact. It has the great advantage that highly accurate adjustments of collimation axis, etc., are unimportant. It can be extended by observing pairs of stars to give latitude as well as time. THE thirty-eighth annual meeting of the American Society of Naturalists was held in Ida Noyes Hall and Mandel Hall, University of Chicago, December 30 and 31, 1920. At the business meeting the treasurer's report was read, showing a balance of $514.09 in the treasury. On recommendation of the executive committee, the constitution was amended by adding a sentence to the end of Section 1 of Article II. This section now reads: Section 1. Membership in this society shall be limited to persons professionally engaged in some branch of natural history, as, instructors in natural history, officers of museums and other scientific institutions, physicians, and others, who have essentially promoted the natural history sciences by original contributions of any kind. Any member may present to the executive committee of the society, through the secretary, names of candidates 96 for membership, and those candidates who are approved by the committee may be elected to membership in the society by a majority of the members present at any meeting of the society. A nomination for membership in the society shall remain in the hands of the executive committee for at least one year before action is taken upon it. The names of candidates not elected to membership within three years of the date of consideration shall be removed from the list of nominees unless renominated. Professor H. H. Bartlett, University of Michigan, was elected to represent the society on the board of control of Botanical Abstracts, to succceed Professor E. M. East. Dr. J. Arthur Harris is the other representative of the society on the board of control. Professor Leon J. Cole was elected to membership for a term of five years, in the advisory committee of the society, related to the committee on cooperation and coordination of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of the National Research Council, to succeed Dr. A. G. Mayor. The other members of this advisory committee are Bradley M. Davis (4 years, chairman), Ross G. Harrison (3 years), George H. Shull (2 years), and H. S. Jennings (1 year). The report of the committee on genetical form and nomenclature, authorized at the 1919 meeting of the society, was read, in the absence of the chairman, Dr. C. C. Little, by Dr. Sewall Wright. The society voted to continue the committee and to request it to publish the report in SCIENCE, but deferred discussion of and action upon the report to a later meeting. The following persons, recommended to the society by the executive committee for election to membership, were duly elected: William H. F. Addison, Roy E. Clausen, Theodore D. A. Cockerell, Frederick V. Coville, George W. Crile, John W. Gowen, A. L. Hagedoorn, Duncan Starr Johnson, William Allen Orton, Charles Vancouver Piper, Harold H. Plough, Brayton Howard Ransom, Mary B. Stark, George L. Streeter, Walter T. Swingle. The nominating committee presented candidates for vacancies in the offices of president, vice-president and treasurer, who were unanimously elected by the society. Accordingly, the officers for the year 1921 are as follows: President: Professor Bradley M. Davis, Univer- Vice-president: Professor Henry E. Crampton, Secretary: Professor A. Franklin Shull, Univer- Treasurer: Dr. J. Arthur Harris, Carnegie stitution of Washington. Additional members of executive committee virtue of previous office: Professor W. E. Cas Harvard University; Professor E. M. East, H vard University; Dr. Jacques Loeb, Rockefe Institute for Medical Research. The annual dinner of the society was held at Hotel Sherman, at 7 o'clock, December 30, one hundred and thirty-nine in attendance. the absence of the president, Dr. Jacques L the after-dinner addresses were made by charter members, Professors William North and J. Sterling Kingsley, who narrated the s of the foundation and early days of the soc The program of papers, which occupied Th day and Friday, December 30 and 31, was as lows: Thursday morning: The analysis of a continuously varying char in the wasp Hadrobracon: P. W. WHITING. Fluctuations of sampling in a population sho linkage: J. A. DETLEFSEN. Linkage between flower color and stem colo Enothera: GEORGE H. SHULL. (Read by ti The inheritance and linkage relation of shru endosperm in maize: C. B. HUTCHISON (i duced by R. A. Emerson). Relative frequency of crossing-over in micros I. Genetic aspects (Dr. Anderson). II. On the photochemistry of the reactions of an to light: SELIG HECHT. The influence of internal secretion on the de ment and growth of amphibians: E. UHLENI Enzyme action as exemplified by pepsin dige The equilibrium functions of the internal ear: S. S. MAXWELL. Friday morning: Differential survival of male and female dove embryos in increased and decreased pressures of oxygen: a test of the metabolic theory of sex: OSCAR RIDDLE. A decrease in sexual dimorphism during the course of selection with inbreeding: CHARLES ZELENEY. A dominant color mutation of the guinea-pig : SEWALL WRIGHT. Some conclusions regarding the influence of the endocrine glands upon amphibian development: BENNET M. ALLEN. Chromosomes and the life cycle of Hydatina senta: A. FRANKLIN SHULL. Inheritance of eye-defects induced in rabbits: M. F. GUYER AND E. A. SMITH. The bearing of Mendelism and mutation on the theory of natural selection: C. C. NUTTING. The inheritance of size in rats: HEMAN L. IBSEN. Inheritance of a secondary sexual character and the effects of lethal factors in Colias philodice: JOHN H. GEROULD. (Read by title.) A recessive mutation in haemolymph pigment in Colias philodice: JOHN H. GEROULD. (Read by title.) Duplicate factors for cotyledon color in soy beans: C. M. WOODWORTH (introduced by J. A. Detlefsen). Some variation in color pattern of mammals: LEON J. COLE AND JESSIE MEGEATH. Inheritance of checks and bars in pigeons: SARAH V. H. JONES (introduced by Leon J. Cole). Friday afternoon: Selective fertilization and the rate of pollen tube growth: D. F. JONES. Genetic studies in Crepis: E. B. BABCOCK. A quantitative study of mutation in the second chromosome of Drosophila: H. J. MULLER. A genetic analysis of "low crossover stock" produced by selection: ELMER ROBERTS (introduced by J. A. Detlefsen). The inheritance of small deviations from bilateral symmetry: F. B. SUMNER. (Read by title.) Relation between chaff color and pubescence in a cross between wheat and emmer: H. H. LOVE. (Read by title.) The mutant type "crossveinless" in Drosophila virilis and D. melanogaster: ALEXANDER WEINSTEIN AND C. B. BRIDGES. A. FRANKLIN SHULL, Secretary THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ZOOLOGISTS THE American Society of Zoologists held its eighteenth annual meeting at the University of Chicago in conjunction with Section F of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and in association with other biological societies on December 28, 29 and 30, 1920. Due the absence of the secretary, H. V. Neal was elected secretary pro tem. The Constitution was amended by adding a new type of membership as follows: Foreign zoologists, not members of this Society, may be elected Honorary Fellows upon unanimous recommendation of the Executive Committee by a majority vote of the members present at any meeting of the Society. Honorary Fellows shall not be required to pay dues. The By-Law providing for affiliation with the American Society of Naturalists was amended to eliminate this affiliation. The following were elected to membership in the Society: Royal N. Chapman, University of Minnesota; James Arthur Dawson, Dalhousie University; Leslie Clarence Dunn, Connecticut Agricultural Station; Ernest Melville DuPorte, MacDonald College; Charles McLean Fraser, University of British Columbia; William Marion Goldsmith, Southwestern College; Norman McDowell Grier, Washington and Jefferson College; Selig Hecht, Creighton Medical College; Walter N. Hess, DePauw University; Minna E. Jewell, MilwaukeeDowner College; Thestle T. Job, Loyola University School of Medicine; Rokusaburo Kudo, University of Illinois; Ralph S. Lillie, Department of Pure Science, Nela Research Laboratories; William A. Lippincott, Kansas State Agricultural College; Henry G. May, Rhode Island State College and Agricultural Experiment Station; Irene McCullough, Sophie Newcomb College; Richard Anthony Muttkowski, University of Idaho; J. M. D. Olmstead, Toronto University; Thomas Elliott Snyder, Bureau of Entomology U. S. Department of Agriculture; Wilbur Willis Swingle, Yale University; Charles Vincent Taylor University of California; Clarence Lester Turner, Beloit College; Asa Orrin Weese, University of New Mexico. Among other items the secretary reported the death of two members, E. L. Michael and George D. Allen. The membership roll before the election of new members contained 305 names of members in good standing. The American Association for the Advancement of Science had recognized election to membership in the society as a certification of eligibility for Fellowship in the association. 98 SCIENCE The report of the treasurer showed a probable balance for January 1, 1921, of $890.30, a net increase for the year of $80.71. The officers elected for 1921 are: President, C. A. Kofoid; Vice-president, A. L. Treadwell; Member of the Executive Committee to serve five years, Gilman A. Drew; Member of Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council, to serve three years, William Patten; Members of the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, C. C. Nutting and W. C. Allee; Members of the Advisory Board to serve four years, C. A. Kofoid and D. H. Tennent. Professor R. A. Budington appealed for support for Professor Van der Stricht and his Archiv de Biologie which can be given by the purchase of a set of lantern slides made from Van der Stricht's preparations showing fertilization in Nereis. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED REGARDING DUTY FREE IMPOR PORTATION OF SCIENTIFIC MATERIALS The American Society of Zoologists representing the zoological interests of the country, especially from the standpoint of research and instruction in our American colleges and universities, views with much concern the proposals made in the bill H. R. 7785 which provides for an increase of 20 per cent. in the duty on scientific instruments and an increase of 30 per cent. on scientific glassware and in addition repeals section 573 of the tariff act of October 3, 1913, which allows for the duty free importation of such materials by educational institutions. In view of the fact that the great mass of research in pure science is still carried on by men in our colleges and universities, an increase in the cost of scientific apparatus and equipment is especially to be deplored since even under the present arrangement of low duties and duty free import privileges, the funds at the disposal of our educational institutions are inadequate to provide for the most efficient teaching equipment or to allow for the most effective prosecution of research. Therefore be it resolved: That the American Society of Zoologists, assembled in annual session, call the attention of Congress to the burden imposed upon the prosecution of educational and research work by the proposed repeal of the privilege of duty free importation of scientific apparatus, chemicals and glassware by educational institutions and respectfully request the continuance of this privilege in proposed tariff legislation. The American Society of Zoologists also requests the restoration of the privilege of the duty free importation of single copies of scientific books in the English language by members of recognized educational and scientific institutions. That copies of these resolutions be forwarded to the Congressional Committees concerned, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council and to the executive committee of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and given other proper publicity as the execu tive committee of the American Society of CONCERNING THE PRESERVATION OF WILD LI WHEREAS: The Ecological Society of Am is engaged in attempting to secure the reserv of natural areas, ie., reserves including the ori flora and fauna in an undisturbed state, fo A standing comm search present and future. has been listing and describing such areas able for reservation, during several years The society is now entering on a plan to unit various groups interested in primeval namely: 1. Investigators in biology, geography, hi and art. 2. Sportsmen through their interest in sanctuaries. 3. Ornithologists through their interest in refuges. 4. Wild flower lovers through their intere primeval areas as seeding centers and preser The purpose of such union of interest will secure the preservation of natural areas in parks, forest preserves, etc., and to secur creation of more such parks and forest pres WHEREAS: The number of primeval pre especially in the eastern states is wholly quate for either present or future research poses and areas from which such preserves m created are rapidly being destroyed. Be it resolved: That the American Socie Zoologists indorses the efforts of the Eco Society of America to secure reserves for re purposes and directs its secretary to forw copy of this resolution to the division of B and Agriculture of the National Research C And further resolved: That the president society be directed to appoint a delegate Parks Conference to be held in Des Moines, January 10, 11 and 12, 1921, said delegate resent the society in the interest of reser primeval conditions for zoological research. A more complete report of the business sacted together with titles and abstracts papers presented and a revised list of mem the society will be found in the Anatomical for January, 1921. W. C. ALLE Secretary-Trea SCIENCE A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance Science, publishing the official notices and ceedings of the American Association f the Advancement of Science Published every Friday by THE SCIENCE PRES LANCASTER, PA. GARRISON NEW YORK, N. Y. Entered in the post-office at Lancaster, Pa., as second cla Washington University School of Medicine REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION Candidates for entrance are required to have completed at least two full years of college work which must include English French or German, and instruction with laboratory work in Physics, Chemistry and Biology. INSTRUCTION Instruction begins on the last Thursday in September ano ends on the second Thursday in June. Clinical instruction is given in the Barnes Hospital and the St. Louis Children's Hos pital, affiliated with the medical school, the St. Louis City Hos pital, and in the Washington University Dispensary. COURSES LEADING TO ACADEMIC Students who have taken their premedical work in Wash ington University, are eligible for the degree of B.S. upon the completion of the first two years of medical work. Students in Washington University may pursue study in the fundamental medical sciences leading to the degree of A.M and Ph.D. TUITION The tuition fee for undergraduate medical students is $200 per annum. Women are admitted. The catalogue of the Medical School and other information may be obtained by application to the Dean. Euclid Avenue and Kingshighway St. Louis Johns Hopkins University Tulane University of Medical School The Medical School is an Integral Part of the University and is in close Affiliation with the Johns Hopkins Hospital ADMISSION Candidates for admission must be graduates of approved colleges or scientific schools with at least two year's instruction, including laboratory work, in Chemistry, and one year each in physics and biology, together with evidence of a reading knowledge of French and German. Each class is limited to 90 students, men and women being admitted on the same terms. Except in unusual circumstances, applications for admission will not be considered after July 1st. If vacancies occur, students from other institutions desiring advanced standing may be admitted to the second or third year provided they fulfill all of our requirements and present exceptional qualifications. The charge for tuition is $250 per annum, payable in three instalments. There are no extra fees except for rental of microscope, certain expensive supplies, and laboratory breakage. The annual announcement and application blanks may be obtained by addressing the Dean of the Johns Hopkins Medica School Washington and Monument Sts. BALTIMORE, M.D SUMMER WORK FOR GRADUATES Beginning Tuesday, June 6th, and ending Thursday, July 16th, a course in medical diagnosis, including laboratory exercises in clinical pathology and demonstrations in pathological anatomy, will be offered. The course will be limited to twenty students, fee $100. Applications should be made to the Dean's Office. Louisiana SCHOOL OF MEDICINE (Established in 1834) ADMISSION: All students entering the Freshman Class will be required to present credits for two years of college work, which must include Chemistry General and Organic), Physics and Biology, with their laboratories, and at least one year in English and one year in a modern foreign language. COMBINED COURSES: Premedical course of two years is offered in the College of Arts and Sciences, which provides for systematic work leading to the B.S. degree at the end of the second year in the medical course. School of Pharmacy, School of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medicine also. Women admitted to all Schools of the College of Medicine For bulletins and all other information, address Tulane College of Medicine P. O. Box 770 New Orleans, Le. |