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ice from distilled water is rapidly being replaced
by production of ice from raw water, due prin-
cipally to cheap dependable power and water
softening. The requisite characteristics of first
quality ice are clearness, firmness and freedom
from discoloration. In freezing water, by far the
greatest part of the substances dissolved in it
freeze out in the ice produced. Ice made from
impure water is opaque, discolored and brittle, de-
pending on the nature of the impurities. Lime-
soda softening, followed by sand filtration, is the
most efficient purification of raw water to be
frozen. The most objectionable impurities are
compounds of magnesium, calcium and iron, or-
ganic matter, silica and alumina, and sodium salts.
Softening with lime eliminates temporary hardness,
magnesium and iron, and reduces organic matter,
silica and alumina. Recent investigations indicate
that soda may be omitted from treatment, as re-
moval of permanent hardness appears to be unim-
portant if all of magnesium is replaced by cal-
cium. Temporary hardness is particularly objec-
tionable, causing gritty white sediments in center
of cake, white deposits in clear ice, weak structure,
and probably crackings and also necessitates one
or more core pumpings. Zeolite softening of the
raw water has been shown to be unsuitable for ice
making, due to the relatively large quantity of
sodium salts which it leaves in the treated water to
retard freezing and form deposits, to the fact that
bicarbonates, which are in some manner connected
with cracking, are not removed, and to the non-
removal of iron, organic matter, alumina and
silica.

Specifications for glassware for waterworks laboratories: HARRY E. JORDAN.

Hardness of surface waters in the United States:
W. D. COLLINS.

The new sewage testing station of the Illinois State Water Survey Division: EDWARD BARTOW. With the cooperation and assistance of the Sanitary Districts in Illinois, The State Water Survey Division has started again the sewage testing station that was operated from 1914-17 and in which work was practically discontinued during the war. It is proposed to test all processes of sewage disposal that may be applicable to Illinois conditions, as time and funds permit. The first test will be of the Dorr-Peck modification of the activated

sludge process, which will be tes age to clarified effluent and to d CHARLES

THE AMERICAN ASSOC
THE ADVANCEMENT
SECTION E-GEOLOGY AND
SECTION E of the American
Advancement of Science held its
in conjunction with the Geol
America and the Association o
raphers, in Rosenwald Hall of
Chicago, from December 28 to
cordance with the agreement wh
societies take charge of the prog
meet jointly with Section E, t
The addi
program of its own.
vice-president, Dr. Charles Ker
University of Wisconsin, upon
structural failure of the lithos
ered on the evening of Decembe
smoker of the Geological Socie
has been published in SCIENCE.
general sessions will appear in
Geological Society of America,
Annals of the Association of 4
ers, Vol. 11.

At the regular meeting of mittee the following were nom officers:

Vice-president and Chairman Willet G. Miller, director of th Mines.

Secretary for 4 Years, Dr. Pennsylvania State College. The election of a committee quired this year.

ROLLIN

SCIEN

A Weekly Journal devoted to Science, publishing the offici ceedings of the American the Advancement Published every F

THE SCIENC

LANCASTER, PA.

NEW YORK, Entered in the post-office at Lancaster,

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE

First Avenue and Twenty-eighth Street

NEW YORK CITY

For Information Address

THE SECRETARY

477 FIRST AVENUE

NEW YORK, N. Y.

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The Fourth Year Course

Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Fre er German. Six and seven years' ooD nation courses are offered.

are spent in mastering by laborat methods the sciences fundamental elinical medicine.

is systematic and clinical and is devoted the study of the natural history of dise to diagnosis and to therapeutics. In year the systematic courses in Medic Burgery and Obstetrics are completed.

is clinical. Students spend the entire f noon throughout the year as clinical ele in hospitals under careful supervision. elinical clerk takes the history, makes physical examination and the laborat examinations, arrives at a diagnosis wh he must defend, outlines the treatm under his instructor and observes records the result. In case of operation of autopsy he follows the specimen identifies its pathological nature. Twe eral hospitals, one of which is owned controlled by the University, one spe hospital and the municipal hospitals laboratories are open to our students. afternoons are spent in the College Disp sary and in clinical work in medical surgical specialties and in conferences.

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Johns Hopkins University Tulane University c

Medical School

The Medical School is an Integral Part of the University and is in close Affiliation with the Johns Hopkins Hospital

ADMISSION

Candidates for admission must be graduates of approved colleges or scientific schools with at least two year's instruction, including laboratory work, in Chemistry, and one year each in physics and biology, together with evidence of a reading knowledge of French and German.

Each class is limited to 90 students, men and women being admitted on the same terms. Except in unusual circumstances, applications for admission will not be considered after July 1st. If vacancies occur, students from other institutions desiring advanced standing may be admitted to the second or third year provided they fulfill all of our requirements and present exceptional qualifications.

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The charge for tuition is $250 per annum, payable in three instalments. There are no extra fees except for rental of microscope, certain expensive supplies, and laboratory breakage.

The annual announcement and application blanks may be obtained by addressing the

Dean of the Johns Hopkins Medica School Washington and Monument Sts. BALTIMORE, M.D

SUMMER WORK FOR GRADUATES
IN MEDICINE

Beginning Tuesday, June 6th, and ending Thursday, July 16th, a course in medical diagnosis, including laboratory exercises in clinical pathology and demonstrations in pathological anatomy, will be offered. The course will be limited to twenty students, fee $100. Applications should be made to the Dean's Office.

Louisiana

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

(Established in 1834)

ADMISSION: All students entering the Freshm Class will be required to present credits for t years of college work, which must inclu Chemistry (General and Organic), Physics a Biology, with their laboratories, and at le one year in English and one year in a mode foreign language.

COMBINED COURSES: Premedical course of t years is offered in the College of Arts a Sciences, which provides for systematic wc leading to the B.S. degree at the end of t second year in the medical course.

School of Pharmacy, School of Dentistry a Graduate School of Medicine also.

Women admitted to all Schools of the College of Medicine

For bulletins and all other information, addres

Tulane College of Medicine

P. O. Box 770

New Orleans, La.

X

Northwestern University

Medical School

Situated in Chicago in close proximity to important Hospitals with an abundance of clinical material. Admission Requirements-Two years of College credit including a satisfactory course in Physics, Chemistry, Biology or Zoology, and French or German. Course of Study-leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine-Four years in the Medical School and a fifth year either as Interne in an approved hospital or devoted to research in some branch of Medical Science.

Graduate Instruction-in courses leading to the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy. Research Foundation-The James A. Patten Endowment for Research affords unusual opportunities for advanced students of Medical Science to pursue special investigations.

Research Fellowships-Four fellowships of the value of $500 each are awarded annually to promote scholarly research.

Tuition Fees-The tuition fee for undergraduate stu dents is $180.00 a year.

For information address

C. W. PATTERSON, Registrar

2431 South Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois

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SUPPLY DEPARTMENT Open the Entire Year

Facilities for research in Zoology, Embryology, Physiology, and Botany. Eighty-four private laboratories, $100 each for not over three months. Thirty tables are available for beginners in research who desire to work under the direction of members of the staff. The fee for such a table is $50.00.

Courses of laboratory instruction with lectures are offered in Invert ebrate Zoology, Protozoology, E mbryology, Physiology and Morphology and Taxonomy of the Algae. Each course requires the full time A lecture of the student. Fee, $75, course on the Philosophical Aspects of Biology and Allied Sciences is also offered.

for Liv

Animals and plants, preserved, liv-
ing, and in embryonic stages. Pre-
served material of all types of
animals and of Algae, Fungi, Liver-
worts and Mosses furnished
classwork, or for the museum.
ing material furnished in season as
ordered. Microscopic slides in
Zoology, Botany, Histology, Bao-
teriology. Price lists of Zoological
and Botanical material and Micro-
scopic Slides sent on application.
State which is desired. For price
lists and all information regarding
material, address

GEO. M. GRAY, Curator, Woods Hole, Mass. The annual announcement will be sent on application to The Director, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.

Yale Univ

SCHOOL OF M

Affiliated with the New H
and New Haven Dis

109th Sessi Reorganized on a full-t Entrance Requiremen of two years (or its equiv including general biology, and organic chemistry, pl or laboratory physics, an or German.

ALL OF THE GENERA
OF THE UNIVERSITY
ABLE TO MEDICAL
As the number admitted
limited, applications must
June 15.

Dean, Yale Unive
of Medici
NEW HAVEN,

Stanford Un

Medical S

The Medical School of Leland Stanf integral part of the University, and Lane and the Stanford University H with the Lane Medical Library, a Trustees of the University. Admission

Instruction

Tuition

Three years of U cluding English a and Biology with also a satisfactory French or Germa mission to candida tor of Medicine. ments see the M ment which may tion to the Dean o The work in Med October each yea middle of June. the four years Med in the laboratori Palo Alto, Califor ters and the requ buildings of the M cisco. The degree completion of the the Medical M.D. upon compl Students wishing stitutions are ady mer quarter, begi in order to make The tuition fee is quarters, payable quarter.

cu

For information address THE DEA

sity Medical School, 2398 Sacramen California.

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Do not fail to write for our descriptive circular of models. Special Offer

General Biological Supply House

1177 East 55th Street

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

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THIRD EDITION-IN PRESS FOR EARLY PUBLICATION

AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE

A BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY
EDITED BY J. McKEEN CATTELL

Price, Ten Dollars, Net, Postage Paid

The work should be in the hands of all those who are directly or
indirectly interested in scientific work.

(1) Men of Science will find it indispensable. It gives not only the names, addresses scientific records and the like of their fellow workers, but also an invaluable summary of the re search work of the country, completed and in progress.

(2) Those interested in science, even though they may not be professionally engaged in research work, will find much of interest and value to them in the book.

(3) Executives in institutions of learning and others brought into relations with scientific men will use the book constantly.

(4) Editors of Newspapers and periodicals will find it to be one of the works of reference that they will need most frequently.

(5) Libraries will find the book to be a necessary addition to their reference shelves. The third edition of the Directory will contain nearly 10,000 sketches as compared with 4,000 in the first edition and 5,500 in the second edition.

THE SCIENCE PRESS

GARRISON, N. Y.

LANCASTER, PA

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