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SCIENCE

paleontology, which have been largely carried on at the museum during the 22 years that he has been connected with it. Dr. Gregory will have associated with him in the new department Dr. J. Howard McGregor, who has been appointed associate in human anatomy.

The staff in ornithology, under the leadership of Dr. Frank M. Chapman, has been strengthened by the appointment of Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy as associate curator of marine birds. Dr. Murphy will devote himself particularly to the studies on the birds of the Brewster-Stanford Collection and to the collection which will be obtained by the Whitney South Sea Expedition

The former department of invertebrate zoology has been reorganized as two departments, namely, lower invertebrates and entomology. Dr. Henry E. Crampton has been appointed honorary curator of the new department of lower invertebrates and will confine his attention to his Polynesian researches. Mr. Roy W. Miner is appointed associate curator in charge.

Dr. Frank E. Lutz has been promoted to the curatorship of the new department of entomology.

Further staff changes or promotions are as follows:

PROMOTIONS

Lower Invertebrates: Willard G. Van Name, assist-
ant to assistant curator.

Ornithology: Ludlow Griscom, assistant to assist-
ant curator.

Anthropology: N. C. Nelson, assistant curator to
associate curator of North American archeol-
ogy; H. J. Spinden, assistant curator to asso-
ciate curator of Mexican and Central Ameri-
can archeology.

NEW APPOINTMENTS

Comparative Anatomy: S. H. Chubb, assistant in

osteology.

Public Education: Grace E. Fisher, assistant.
Ichthyology: E. W. Gudger, associate in ichthyol-

ogy.

Mammalogy: Carl E. Akeley, associate in mammal

ogy.

Entomology: Herbert F. Schwarz, research asso-
ciate, Hymenoptera.

The title of the department has been changed to read depa parative physiology.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES A

Ar a meeting of the trustee
beth Thompson Science Fund
ruary 26, the following grants
T. Brailsford Robertson, Adela
tralia, $250 for the purchase o
for use in a statistical study
Donald Macomber, Boston, E
vestigation of the effects of c
Dr. W. J. Fisher, Woods Hole,
of low sun phenomena (sunrise
horizon mirage). Dr. H. G.
Haven, $300 for an investigati
regulatory mechanism of the b

LAWRENCE J. HENDERSON, E
logical chemistry, has been ap
exchange professor to France
at the Sorbonne during the se
present academic year.

PROFESSOR WILLIAM ALANSC erly curator in the Bishop M fessor of zoology and geology of Hawaii, has been appointe Los Angeles Science Museum Art, where he succeeds the lat

DR. F. C. HARRISON, princip College, was elected as preside of American Bacteriologists, meeting held at Chicago.

AT the annual meeting of th logical Society the following cers: President, R. H. Hoa dents, J. Baxendell, W. W. B Shaw and Dr. E. M. Wedder W. V. Graham. Secretaries, Richardson and G. Thomson

DURING the current year Texas established two lecture by distinguished scholars fr sities. Professor E. G. Conl University, was invited to first engagement. During th February 28 Dr. Conklin ga

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lectures, two to the general public and three seminar lectures to advanced students in the biological departments. Professor Conklin will also lecture at Houston, Galveston and San Antonio.

On the evening of February 22, Professor F. R. Watson, of the University of Illinois, delivered an illustrated lecture on "Acoustics of auditoriums" before the Illinois Society of Architects at the Chicago Art Museum.

FREDERICK G. CLAPP, of New York City, an authority on petroleum geology, is giving a series of twelve lectures on that subject at

Harvard University, beginning on Tuesday,

March 8.

DR. HARLOW SHAPLEY, of the Mount Wilson Observatory, gave a series of illustrated lectures in San Francisco and Berkeley, February 25 and 27, on the following subjects: "New stars and variable stars," Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Native Sons' Hall, San Francisco; "On the structure of the galactic system," astronomical department of the University of California; "The dimensions of the sidereal universe," California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.

THE joint spring meeting of the Association of American Geographers and the American Geographical Society will be held in New York City on April 22 and 23. The complete program for the meeting will be published in the near future.

THE third annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists will be held in Washington, D. C., from May 2 to 4. Sessions devoted to the reading of papers, discussion and business, will be held from 10 A.M. to 4.30 P.M., each day, in the New National Museum. A session may also be arranged for the evening of May 2. Opportunities will be offered to visit various places of zoological interest in the city, and the usual social functions will be arranged.

THE annual meeting of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists will be held at Cleveland, Ohio, on March 25 and 26. Dr. Howard T. Karsner is the president.

THE next annual meeting of the America Astronomical Society will be held at the Va Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut, from August 30 t September 2, 1921.

THE second annual meeting of the South western Geological Society will be held o March 18, at Tulsa, Oklahoma. The firs bulletin of the society will be ready for dis tribution about that time. The society has membership of one hundred and seventy-nine Sections have been organized at Austin Texas; Houston, Texas; Ardmore, Oklahoma Okmulgee, Oklahoma; Duncan, Oklahoma Dallas, Texas, and Shreveport, Louisiana Visiting geologists in any of these localitie are invited to attend the section meetings.

THE Indian Botanical Society has recently been organized with a charter membership of eighty-five. The officers, who serve until the meeting of January, 1922, are as follows President, Winfield Dudgeon; Vice-president W. Burns; Secretary-treasurer, Shiv Ram Kashyap; Councilors, Birbal Sahni and Ra Bahadur K. Rangachari. The society had its inception in a resolution passed by the Botan ical Section of the Indian Science Congress at the Nagpur meeting in January, 1920.

THE Eye-Sight Conservation Council of America with headquarters in New York City was recently organized, and Mr. L. W. Wal lace, New York, was elected president, and Dr Cassius D. Wescott, Chicago, vice-president Drs. Frederick R. Green, Chicago; W. S Rankin, Raleigh, N. C.; Arthur L. Day, Washington, D. C., and Allan J. McLaughlin, U. S P. H. S., Washington, D. C., are members of the board of councilors. The council has for its object the conservation and improvement of vision by arousing public interest in eye hygiene, especially as it pertains to defective vision and the protection of the eyes in hazardous occupations.

THE trustees of the American Medical Association have made an appropriation to further meritorious research in subjects relating to scientific medicine and of practical interest to the medical profession, which might not be

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carried out for lack of funds at hand. Applications for grants should be sent to the Committee on Scientific Research, American Medical Association, 535 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, before April 1, 1921, when action will be taken on the applications at hand.

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DR. J. PAUL GOODE (Minnesota, '89), of the department of geography of the University of 66 Coal and civiliChicago, gave an address on zation" at the annual banquet of the General Alumni Association at the University of MinThe occasion was nestota, on February 18. the fifty-third anniversary of the founding of the University of Minnesota.

DR. S. B. WOLBACH, associate professor of pathology and bacteriology, Harvard University, will deliver the eighth Harvey Society lecture at the New York Academy of MediHis cine on Saturday evening, March 12. His subject will be "Typhus fever and rickettsia."

SURGEON-GENERAL IRELAND has completed plans to have prominent physicians of the country deliver addresses before the General Staff College at Washington. Dr. Joel E. Goldthwait, Boston, and Dr. Thomas W. Salmon, New York, recently went to Washington to speak at the college.

THE Washington Section of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers held a supper and meeting at the InDr. H. terior Department on January 14. Foster Bain, the newly appointed director of 66 Mines and the Bureau of Mines, lectured on mining in the far east."

On behalf of the subscribers to the Poynting Memorial Fund, the portrait of the late Professor J. H. Poynting by Mr. Bernard Munns has been presented to the University of Birmingham, and Mr. W. Waters Butler has presented the portrait of the late Professor Adrian Brown by the same artist.

DR. WILLIAM MILLER WELCH, an authority on contagious diseases, and for more than fifty years connected with the Philadelphia Bureau of Health, and professor in the graduate school of medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, has died at the age of eighty-three

years.

DR. F. J. V. SKIFF, directo Museum, Chicago, died on Feb age of sixty-nine years.

THE North Carolina Depar culture announces the death Marion Pickel, for many year chemist of the department.

DR. J. C. CAIN, editor of the the London Chemical Society works on synthetic dyestuffs, d 31 at the age of fifty years.

ALFRED GABRIEL NATHORST Swedish geologist and paleob Stockholm on January 20, in year.

PROFESSOR T. MIYAKE, of th zoology of the Agricultural Imperial University of Toky ruary 2 of typhoid fever whi was prevalent in Tokyo. P will be remembered as the au two-volume work on the enton a review of which was publis some months ago.

THE request is made to bo the department of botany Polytechnic Institute with sep publications to help restore t was lost in the fire which des cultural building.

THE sum of $500,000 has b Frank Schamberg, Dr. John Professor George M. Raiziss logical research laboratories of Pennsylvania for the suppo search. The sum represents th by the laboratories during t sale of the drug arsphenamin German salvarsan. Its man result of experiments conduct tological research laboratorie berg and his two assistants, fessor of pathology and bad graduate school of medicine of Pennsylvania, and George fessor of chemotherapy at th

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the university. Dr. Schamberg was director of the Research Institute.

THE magnetic-survey yacht Carnegie, under the command of J. P. Ault, arrived at San Francisco on February 19. After re-outfitting there, she will continue her present circumnavigation cruise, which was begun at Washington in October, 1919, and has an aggregate length of about 62,000 nautical miles. She will cruise in the Pacific Ocean until about September and thence return via the Panama Canal to Washington in October.

PUBLIC lectures under the auspices of the New York City College Chemical Society, in the Doremus Lecture Theatre at four-thirty P.M. are announced as follows:

March 7. "Beyond the laboratory," Ellwood Hendrick.

March 15. "The service of the synthetic dye industry to the state," Marston Taylor Bogert, professor of chemistry at Columbia University.

March 23. "The trail of the chemist in the packing industry," Charles H. MacDowell, president, Armour Chemical Company.

April 8. "Explosives in war and peace, nest M. Symmes, Hercules Powder Co.

"' Er

April 14. "Chemical evolution,'' Daniel D. Jackson, professor of chemical engineering at Columbia University.

THE Southwestern Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science announces the following lectures at El Paso:

February 15. "How to live," Dr. Jenness. March 1. "Alien insect enemies,'' Benjamin Druckermaur.

March 14. "The mechanism of heredity, development and evolution," Edwin Grant Conklin, of Princeton University.

March 15. "Historical progress in chemical theory," F. H. Seamon,

April 5. "Reclamation work," L. M. Lawson. April 19. "Great American scientists: Major J. W. Powell and Professor Langley," E. C. Prentiss.

May 3. "Southwestern agricultural problems," Robert S. Trumbull.

May -. "Archæology," Edgar L. Hewett, of the School of American Research, Santa Fe, N. M. May 17. "Crystallography," James C. Crichett.

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL
NEWS

By the will of Miss Helen F. Massey legacy of $500,000 has been left to the Uni versity of Pennsylvania. It is reported tha one of the conditions of the bequest is tha the income shall be used for increasing th salaries of members of the college faculty.

HAROLD HIBBERT, Ph.D., Sc.D., assistan professor in Yale University, has been pro moted to an associate professorship of applie chemistry, and assigned to the graduat school and the Sheffield Scientific School.

DR. HUGH C. MULDOON, professor of chem istry at the Albany College of Pharmacy, ha become dean and professor of chemistry i the School of Pharmacy, Valparaiso Univer sity.

THE biology department, Macdonald Col lege, has been divided into two departments the department of entomology and zoology under Professor William Lochhead, and th department of botany, under Professor B. T Dickson. Dr. G. P. McRostie, Ph.D. (Cor nell, '17), has been appointed assistant pro fessor in the cereal husbandry department in charge of grass and clover investigations, and Walter Biffen, B.Sc. (Wales '06), has beer appointed lecturer in the department o botany.

DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE MUSICAL NOTATION

TO THE EDITOR OF SCIENCE: While musica notation is not a matter of great scientifi interest, reform presumably is.

The desirability of the changes advocated by Professors Huntington and Hall may b admitted. This leaves the space available fo briefly discussing the cost.

The reform of printing implies (1) reprint ing all existing music, and (2) scrapping some machinery, type, etc.

There is also an ideal cost. Whatever th exact methods of physical science may ulti mately reveal as to the pitch in orchestra

playing, there is no question for instance that a succession of notes, G, G sharp, A and a succession G, A flat, A, are musically distinct, and that each actual sound on the piano is a symbol used to stand in turn for many musical entities. The reformed method would destroy the signs of some of these distinctions and reduce playing at sight to striking a succession of notes with little chance of prevision of the musical meaning.

As to the reformed keyboard there is again an obvious material if no clear ideal loss. However the judgment that the simplification of "physiological reflex" is of much value might be demurred to. One can conceive a psychologist taking the stand that a reflex is a reflex, and a musician saying that he had established the reflexes and forgotten the process. Finally we might have a violinist objecting to the pianist borrowing his G clef and returning it in a damaged condition, for advantages on the keyboard would be disadvantages on the fingerboard where the hand covers an octave diatonically and the accidentals are made by a special finger move

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THE SIDEWALK M

TO THE EDITOR OF SCIENCE ence with the sidewalk mir Professor McNair in your iss was on a smoothly paved s tween Canton and Alliance, was three o'clock P.M. of a August, 1918, the tempera about 100°. We were headed stretch, while about a mile a slightly higher level was a car merged in water to a depth of A woman crossing the road up over her knees. As none ever seen such a reflection w car lest it might be caused by At first the vision was lost unt that the angle of vision was s had to hunt for it, when it ren distinct as long as we had the

Since that time I have se similar reflections, some in wa others in cold; which leads that heat is not necessary to The distance appears to go from the ground as I have se distance of a square and it or three inches of the surfac reflection mentioned by Mr. issue of September 27 is not could never be mistaken for surface of the mirage after; real one. Such explanations in 1918 were upset the follo I shall watch with interest formation that may be offere

C.

A RAINBOW AT N TO THE EDITOR OF SCIENCE on Thursday, November 18 for a street car, I saw a clea bow-a phenomenon which sufficiently rare occurrence a interest to some of your rea A drizzling rain was fallin

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