Books on Sociological and Economic Topics The Encyclopedia of Social Reforms HELPFUL BOOKS FOR STUDENTS OF SOCIOLOGY, POLITICAL This work sweeps the entire horizon of sociology and all topics directly or indirectly allied or involved. It contains the latest opinions, statisties, and other information on Sociology, Poitical Economy, Political Science, Wealth, Industrial Conditions and Institutions, and on all the great problems of modern civilization. Eminent authorities in the various schools of economy and social thought have set forth their pleas, enabling the reader to compare, weigh, and judge their respective claims. Edited by W. D. P. BLISS, with the cooperation of the highest authorities in England and the United States. Large octavo, 1.447 pp. Net prices: cloth, $7.50; sheep, $9.50; half morocco, $12.00; full morocco, $14.00. Benjamin Kidd: "I have read through many of the important articles, and am struck with their excellence and completeness." Col. Albert Shaw, in The Reviews of Reviews: "It will stand in years to come as an epitome of social and economic conditions and the state of human progress in the last decade of the nineteenth century." Social Christianity Twenty suggestive sermons on Social Christianity delivered by the great preacher in St. James's Hall before immense audiences. By REV. HUGH PRICE HUGHES, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 296 pages. Price, $1.40. The Christian: "We find these pages uniformly practical, and in a high degree instructive." Echo: "A collection of sermons full of pith, brightness, manliness, and shrewd sense." Practical Christ'n Sociology Christian Citizenship A special Series of Lectures delivered before THE CONTENTS-GENERAL SUBJECT: PRAC Bishop John H. Vincent, D.D., LL.D.: "This book is literally packed with facts and theories and practical counsels. There is enough wisdom in it to set up a whole millennium." Francis E. Clark, D.D.: "I am delighted with it." Carroll D. Wright, Washington, D. 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Ministers who desire to meet the latest pulpit requi ements and preach sermons of greatest helpfuluess will find stored up in this volume a surprising quantity of information, suggestion, and inspiration." Methodist Recorder, Pittsburg: "It deals with the deep, vital issues which confront us to-day as a people and as a nation." Hartford Post: "The book impresses one as a careful and thoughtful work, and its views are worthy the attention of all, and will find thousands of hearty supporters. Northern Christian Advocate, Syracuse; "It is surprisingly comprehensive, delightfully original." A New Handbook on A pocket monetary cyclopedia presenting accu- Edward Bellamy said: “A compact collection of facts and figures with which public men, writers, and speakers should be familiar.' Bradstreet's, New York: "One of the most convenient statistical presentations with which we are acquainted." FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, NEW YORK. THE MOST COMPLETE AND HELPFUL CONCORDANCE FOR PROFESSIONAL MEN. The Episcopal Recorder, Philadelphia: "It is unquestionably the best and most complete work of the kind ever published." The New York Observer: "This monumental work has been made as complete and perfect as could be desired. It has stood the test of the severest criticism. It is adapted to the wants of students of every class. A standard book of reference." Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible By ROBERT YOUNG, LL.D. Author of a New Literal Translation of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures, Concise Critical Comments on the Same, Etc., Etc. Seventh edition, thoroughly revised and containing 8,000 changes. It includes 311,000 references, making 30,000 New Testament Readings. It gives the original Hebrew or Greek of any word in the English Bible with the literal meaning of each, together with reliable parallel passages. Christian Standard, Philadelphia: "It enables every one to be his own commentator. He can at a glance find out three distinct points: First, what is the original Hebrew or Greek of any word in his English Bible; second, what is the literal and primitive meaning of every word; and third, what are proper and reliable renderings as well as parallel passages. It is undoubtedly best that Scripture be made its own interpreter, and this is effected by Young's Concordance." SOME SPECIAL AND EXCLUSIVE MERITS Its Analytical Character.-It gives at a glance the various shades of meaning of related words represented in the English by one word. Arrangement of Proper Names.-The proper names of all persons and places, unlike most Concordances, are given in their alphabetical order with meanings. Dates and eras of all persons are also given, so that they may be distinguished from others of the same name. Useful Features for Students. - It enables every student to be his own commentator even if he has no knowledge of the Greek or Hebrew languages. Especially Helpful Arrangement. -Every word is given in alphabetical order, and arranged under its Hebrew or Greek original, with the literal meaning of each, and its pronunciation. Valuable Complementary Articles.-Helpful supplemental articles add value to this Concordance. The Rev. Thomas Nicol, B.D., of Edinburgh, contributes "A Sketch of Recent Explorations in Bible Lands," outlining the results of recent topographical and archeological investigations in their bearing upon Scriptures. There are also 71 instructive “Hints and Helps on Bible Interpretation." It Meets the Wants of the Most Profound Scholar as well as the Simplest Reader of the English Bible Robert Rainy, D.D., Professor of Church History, New College, Edinburgh: "A work of great labour and pains, fitted to be useful to all Bible students, and especially ministers." Rev. James Buchanan, of Glasgow: "A work which will be greatly helpful to the critical study of the Sacred Scriptures." 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FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, NEW YORK Readers of THE LITERARY DIGEST are asked to mention the publication when writing to advertisers. Choice Fiction for Summer Reading Entertaining Companions for the Hammock or a Shady Nook "The intensity and majesty of this book are almost indescribable. It is a sweeping torrent in thought and expressionof passion, love, remorse, adventure, treachery, bloody conflict, madness, and portrayals of wonder in the heavens above and the earth beneath-the glorious imaginings of a lofty mind, at once philosophic and poetic."-Booklovers' Library Bulletin. Thulstrup Illustrated Edition ARRY HOU FILLT OME PLY TARRY THOU TILL I COME By George Croly. 20 Full-Page Drawings, Including a "Nothing more graphic has ever burst from a red-hot inspiration."-The Brooklyn Eagle. "Few romances equal in power this vivid story. It is constantly dramatic."Philadelphia Press. 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All Bookstores. FUNK & COMPANY, Publishers, NEW YORK Readers of THE LITERARY DIGIST are asked to mention the publication when writing to advertisers. VOL. XXIII., No. 4 Published Weekly by FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 30 Lafayette Place, New York. NEW YORK, JULY 27, 1901. 44 Fleet Street, London. Entered at New York Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. PRICE.-Per year, in advance, $3.00; four months, on trial, $1.00; single copies, 10 cents. RECEIPT and credit of payment is shown in about two weeks by the date on the address label attached to each paper. POST-OFFICE ADDRESS.-Instructions concerning renewal, discontinuance, or change of address should be sent two weeks prior to the date they are to go into effect. The exact post-office address to which we are directing paper at time of writing must always be given. DISCONTINUANCES.-We find that a large majority of our subscribers prefer not to have their subscriptions interrupted and their files broken in case they fail to remit before expiration. It is therefore assumed, unless notification to discontinue is received. that the subscriber wishes no interruption in his series. Notification to discontinue at expiration can be sent in at any time during the year. PRESENTATION COPIES.-Many persons subscribe for friends. intending that the paper shall stop at the end of the year. If instructions are given to this effect, they will receive attention at the proper time. WHAT TOPICS OF THE DAY. STEEL WORKERS VS. STEEL TRUST. WHAT The Iron Age calls "the first trial of strength between organized labor and the most conspicuous of modern industrial consolidations" continues to fill the columns of the daily press with a great mass of news and comment. The newspapers think that it may take rank with the Homestead, Pullman, Chicago, Anthracite Coal, and other great labor wars, and The Iron Age believes that it "may profoundly affect the iron industry of this country for many years to come." There does not seem to be a general agreement between the officials of the mills and of the men as to what the trouble is about. The steel officials say that "the demand is that in a non-union mill a nonunion employee, who is paid at least as high as the union wage scale, shall be coerced by the company to join a union or shall be discharged." But President Shaffer of the Amalgamated Association replies: "We have never made such a demand. We never will. We are demanding simply that the companies sign and enforce our scale in all their mills, and thus do away with the injustice of running the mills employing the lower-priced nonunion labor during dull seasons, while our own men were idle. As to the organization of the men in the non-union mills, we ask only that the companies do not interfere with our efforts at organization and do not prohibit the men from joining us." The Chicago Tribune interprets the disagreement by saying: "While non-union employees benefited by a strike might theoretically do otherwise, they are almost sure to join the union. The aim of this strike is, therefore, to draw all employees affected into the union to consolidate them for the exercise of more power over the management of the steel industry and over the distribution of its returns." As to how long the strike will last, no one ventures to predict. The following statement is issued by a member of the firm of J. P. Morgan & Co.: "The United States Steel Corporation will not consent to any arbitration of the present difficulty. There is nothing to arbitrate. The company stands willing to agree to the demands of WHOLE NUMBER, 588 the men as to wages and hours. If there is any other question at issue it is merely a sentimental one raised by the Amalgamated Association." The sympathy of the press is not so largely with the men as it was during the anthracite coal strike. The Philadelphia North American, which usually sympathizes with the labor view, thinks that the course of the union is "most unfortunate," and the New York Journal, while supporting the union's position in the main, says warningly: "Remember that the decadence of England's industries dates from the disastrous engineering strike of years ago. The ground lost then never has been and probably never will be made up.". The Pittsburg Dispatch, however, considers "untenable" the trust's "assertion that its employees shall not be permitted to find protection in union"; and the Denver News tells "the real reason why the steel combine will not unionize all of their mills" as follows: THEODORE J. SHAFFER, "By maintaining certain non-union mills they retain a club in their hands whereby they can beat unionism to death. All of the trust mills do not run all of the time, and vary in their work in accordance with orders for their product. The trust is thereby enabled to keep non-union mills running and close down the union mills or run them on short time. In this manner the union men can be starved out and the organization disrupted, and all by a skilful manipulation of orders as received by the trust. The Amalgamated Association does not propose to permit any such flank movement to be made on organized labor. Hence its united demand for the unionizing of all the mills controlled by the trust, and for the reason stated the demand must be conceded to be a just one." May Repeat British Experience.-"Are we about to repeat in this country the dear experience bought by Great Britain some six years ago? In the strike of the steel workers this danger threatens. Will it be seen in time to avoid the disastrous consequences? "It will be recalled that the engineers' strike in England resulted in so crippling the iron and steel industry of that country that supremacy and prestige in this important line passed from England to other countries, America getting the greater share. The engineers' strike was our opportunity, and we took the fullest advantage of it. And now. just as we are beginning to feel sure of our ground, just as our supremacy in iron and steel manufactures is coming to be grudgingly admitted even by our competitors, a still bigger strike than that of the engineers' has begun. Will it affect us as the former one did the British? Will it continue until our trade is crippled and our supremacy and prestige pass to others?"-The Chicago Evening Post. Interested Spectators.-"While English holders of the stock of the United States Steel corporation would prefer to have the strike settled at once, the English and German steel and iron men would prefer to have it extend and endure. Nothing would cheer them up more than to see the productivity of that American 'steel trust' which has disturbed them so much greatly reduced. They would feel that life was worth the living. The Welsh manufacturers of tinplate and their men have been in sore distress since this country began supplying itself with tinplate. So there will be rejoicing in Wales over the closing of the American tinplate mills yesterday. There will be a strong desire entertained there that they may not be reopened for months to come. Probably many foreign workmen, if asked for contributions to the strike fund of the Amalgamated Association, would see that it was to their interest to give them, and thus delay the settlement of a dispute whose continuance means employment for them."-The Chicago Tribune. A Socialist View.-"The full significance of the present struggle should not fail of appreciation from every workingman in the United States. In this contest the right of workingmen to combine into class organizations for the immediate betterment of their condition is at stake. Should the steel workers fail in their attempt to exercise that right, the trade-union movement will receive a blow from which it can never recover. "We say 'never,' because the economic conditions in North America have reached the stage where the class division is more strongly marked than anywhere else in the world. Nowhere has the ownership of industry concentrated so rapidly and inexorably into fewer hands, and consequently nowhere else has there developed a wage-working class so completely dependent upon owners of industry for the opportunity to labor and live. And as this class division has become clearer, so have the interests of the opposing classes of workers and capitalists come into sharper conflict. To-day these interests are represented by the steel trust on one hand and the Amalgamated Association on the other. "Victory or defeat for the steel workers will therefore affect not them alone, but every wage-worker in the United States. This battle will be the determining factor in the future struggles of organized labor with organized capital upon the economic field for a larger share of the workers' product. For the economic struggle of labor against capital can not assume any other form than that of a struggle for a share, until labor comes into rightful possession of the industrial machinery which is labor's own creation, and can then enjoy the full value of its product."-The New York Worker. "Signing the Scale."-" President Shaffer simply' asks that these companies 'sign the scale' for the non-union as well as for the union mills. What does signing the scale mean? Not wages, not hours, alone. Wages are as high if not higher in the non-union mills, and the hours are the same. The 'scale' CARICATURE. -The New York World. when signed puts the men in the mill under the control of the union. The men no longer have the right to make their own contracts with their employers. They can not agree to work for higher wages than union men get in other mills. They can not make terms satisfactory to themselves about piecework, overtime, apprentices, new men, and the many other matters that come up for adjustment in the management of a mill. All these things will be arranged by the union in its 'scale.' Anybody who has had experience of the working of a labor-union scale knows that it involves a multitude of things, important things, besides the fundamental question of hours and wages. "Signing the scale for the non-union mills would have made union men of the employees in those mills so far as their substantial rights and interests are concerned, except that until they actually enroll themselves as members they would have been absolved from the duty to pay dues and assessments. They have hitherto chosen to be free, they would then have been bound, and not by their own act, but by the unauthorized and tyrannical act of their employers under compulsion and duress of Mr. T. J. Shaffer."-The New York Times. CONS INJUNCTIONS AGAINST STRIKERS. ONSIDERABLE attention has been attracted recently by the granting of three injunctions restraining striking employees from picketing the works of their former employers to persuade or otherwise prevent other employees from taking their places. These injunctions have been issued by Judge Gager of the superior court for New Haven County, Conn., by Judge Wing of the federal court in Cleveland, and by another federal judge in Cincinnati. Judge Gager enjoins one hundred and fifty-one strikers from interfering with the new workmen of their former employer, and directs the sheriff to attach the strikers' property in the sum of $25,000. They are enjoined, among other things, "from in any manner interfering with any person who may desire to enter the employ of the plaintiff by way of threats, " or persuasions, personal violence, intimidation or other means, "from congregating or loitering about in the neighborhood of the premises of the plaintiff or in other places with the intent to interfere with the employees of the plaintiff or the prosecution of their business, or to interfere or obstruct in any manner the business or trade of the plaintiff." The hearing on the permanency of the injunction will come up at the September term of the superior court, by which time the strike may be over. In Cleveland Judge Wing enjoined the members of an iron-molders' union "from picketing the premises or interfering in any manner whatsoever with the business or the employees" of a certain steel company, and in Cincinnati the justice mentioned above |