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To make you familiar with the Standard Musical Association and its object (which is to supply music at the lowest possible price), we will send four musical compositions to any address on receipt of ten cents. Three of these selections are copyrighted. and cannot be bought in any music store for less than one dollar. All we require is that you send your name and address-and ten cents in stamps for postage and wrapping. Mention this paper when writing.

THE STANDARD MUSICAL ASSOCIATION,
80 Fifth Ave., New York.

PRACTICAL HELPS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS

BEFORE AN AUDIENCE

New and original principles for effective public speaking. By Nathan Sheppard. 12mo, cloth, 75 cents.

Pittsburg Chronicle: "He does not teach elocution, but the art of public speaking."

BELL'S STANDARD
ELOCUTIONIST

Principles and exercises, readings in prose and poetry, religious, humorous, etc., for junior and senior pupils. By Prof. David

Charles Bell. 12mo, cloth, 563 pp. $1.50. Prof. T. C. Trueblood, University of Michigan: "It is standard and contains many valuable hints and exercises."

THE THRONE OF ELOQUENCE

A collection of striking examples of pulpit eloquence and genius, interspersed with wit, humor, and character sketches. By Paxton E. Hood. 8vo, cloth, 486 pp. $2.00. Christian Enquirer: "So natural and fascinating that it is impossible to resist the charms of his spell.'

FUNK & WAGNALLS CO., New York.

Dr. CHARLES H. PARKHURST says: "It is a stimulating, startling, wonderful book." THE RELIGION OF DEMOCRACY "It is a great book of a great epoch." -Edwin Markham. "It is a clarion call to a higher civilization." -Ella Wheeler Wilcox. 12MO, CLOTH. $1.00 POSTPAID Funk & Wagnails Co., Pubs., 30 Lafayette Pl., N. Y.

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Just Published

GLORIA DEO

A New Hymn-Book for All
Services of the Church

A practical hymnal for all services of the Church, convenient in form, undenominational, abounding in the best hymns in use, with tunes that are strong in melody and well harmonized. The words are carefully arranged between the braces of music; subdividing words being arranged so as to bring each syllable below and close to the note to be sung. The book contains 767 numbers, including Chants, the complete Psalter, etc.

Dr. Arthur T. Pierson, the well-known preacher, who is himself compiler of a hymnal and authority on church music, says: "Upon the whole I deem this the best collection of Church hymns that I have seen. The music is at once of high order and singable. One thing quite notable is its careful arrangement of the hymns and tunes so that every syllable of the verse is under its appropriate notation. The book is not too bulky and it contains enough of the popular and familiar tunes and hymns to relieve it from the charge of being a new collection, and therefore requiring considerable use in order to make it familiar as a vehicle of worship. There is room for this new book among the hymn-books of the day." Svo, sloth sides, leather back. Price, $1.25. Special rate in quantities.

Funk & Wagnalls Co., Pubs., 30 Lafayette Pl., New York.

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The

A study of the sources and qualities of character, the object being to show the transcendent importance of character, its scientific foundations, and the soundest principles for development and improvement. reader is taken into the most fascinating realms of psychology, education, ethics, and mental physiology. It is a personal message of tremendous importance to every man, woman, and child. All that concerns the training of the young and the perfecting of our own lives in every-day professional or business life is treated by a master hand.

James J. Walsh, M. D., LL.D.-"The influences that go to make character may be summed up in the two expressions-heredity and environment. The bringing out of the physical elements in these two great springs of character' is the distinctive merit in Dr. Schofield's book."

Cloth, 8vo, 259 pages, Topical Index and list of books on the subject. Price, $1.30 net. Add postage, 11 cents.

FUNK & WAGNALLS CO., 30 Lafayette Pl., New York.

Readers of THE LITERARY DIGEST are asked to mention the publication when writing to advertisers.

SHAKSPERE'S WORKS.

A DAINTY SHAKSPERE AT

A TEMPTING PRICE, BUT ONLY 208 SETS LEFT

We recently secured for exclusive use of LITERARY DIGEST readers one of the most beautiful, and in every way attractive editions of Shakspere's Complete Works, printed on high quality paper in large clear type, bound in tasteful silk-corded cloth and supplied in a handsome cabinet-box. This special patrons' edition, called The Avon Edition, has been rapidly snapped up until we have left only 208 sets.

SUPPLIED AT A LOW PRICE AND ON EASY TERMS TO

A LITERARY DIGEST

SHAKSPERE CLUB

We have arranged to supply the remaining sets to LITERARY DIGEST readers

on such easy terms that this exquisite set will be within easy reach of all.

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Which is 40% Off from the Regular Price

"All arts and sciences, all moral and natural philosophy in him we find."-John Dryden.

THE HIGH LITERARY VALUE OF THE AVON EDITION This is not an abridged edition of Shakspere, but contains the complete works of the immortal bard, including his miscel laneous poems. The text is mainly that of Delius. Wherever a variant reading is adopted, some good and recognized Shaksperian critic has been followed. The reliability of this edition, therefore, is unquestionable. In no case is a new rendering of the text attempted, conservatism being aimed at throughout; nor has it been thought desirable to distract the reader's attention by notes or comments or any character.

TWO REPRESENTATive opinions from purchasers of THE FIRST SETS OF THIS LIMITED EDITION Robert M. Hitch, Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, Savannah: "I received the set of Shakspere yesterday, and beg to express my great satisfaction at the manner in which the work is gotten out. It satisfies a want I have long experienced."

G. E. Davis, Court Reporter and Notary Public, Bristol, Va.: "I am more than pleased with your edition of Shakspere."

A Charming It would be difficult to find a more accept

able or thoroughly charming gift for presGift Set entation purposes. This beautiful set of Shakspere's works will be decidedly appropriate both in character and appearance as a gift for any lover of books at any time; and the terms of our offer are so easy that many who otherwise could not indulge in such a luxury can avail themselves of the present opportunity with

out hesitation.

In a Handsome
Cabinet-Box

The volumes are appropriately encased in a handsome Cabinet-box shown in the above illustration. This Cabinet-box is full-bound, also in green cloth to match the books. The front and the top open as shown in the cut. Not only does this Cabinet-box admirably protect the volumes, but it makes a most attractive case in which to present the set as a gift.

IN DRESS AND STYLE THE DELIGHT OF BOOK LOVERS

THE

HE BOOKMAKING FEATURES of the Avon Edition insure a cordial welcome from every discriminating book lover. It is a set which will fittingly grace the shelves of the choicest library. It is printed on excellent paper in large type, delightful to read. The volumes are daintily bound in green, silk-corded cloth with gold stamp— just the kind of volumes that delight the eye; lie open in one's hand without cracking the back; may be carried in the pocket, and easily read at home, on the cars, or wherever one happens to be. Strong, durable, dainty, attractive.

LIMITED AND EXCLUSIVE

OFFER TO DIGEST READERS SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

The 208 remaining sets are offered to LITERARY DIGEST readers on the tempting terms of
$2.00 down and $1.00 per month for eight months. The first payment of $2.00 is to be
sent us with the coupon opposite, and upon receipt of it, we will promptly ship the books to
you. The books will be delivered f.o.b. New York at this special price, or you may add
75 cents and we will prepay all transportation. We guarantee satisfaction
in every particular.

We Cannot Secure Further Sets of this Special Edition After the
Remaining 208 sets are Sold.

CUT OFF AND RETURN THIS COUPON WITH $2.00

Literary Digest Shakspere Club Subscription Coupon

LITERARY DIGEST SHAKSPERE CLUB, 30 Lafayette Place, New York. Gentlemen-I accept your offer of the Avon Edition of Shakspere in 12 volumes at the special price of $10. It is understood that I shall have the liberty to pay in instalments as follows: $2 which I enclose herewith, and then $1 on the first of each month until the entire amount is paid; the full set of books is to be sent to me on receipt by you of the first $2. It is understood that, if the books are not satisfactory. I may return them within three days after receipt, and you will refund the money paid.

NAME..

P. O.

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VOL. XXIII., No. 3

Published Weekly by

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY,

30 Lafayette Place, New York.

NEW YORK, JULY 20, 1901.

44 Fleet Street, London. Entered at New York Post-Office as Second-Class Matter.

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RECEIPT and credit of payment is shown in about two weeks by the date on the address label attached to each paper. POST-OFFICe address.-Instructions concerning renewal, discontinuance, or change of address should be sent two weeks prior to the date they are to go into effect. The exact post-office address to which we are directing paper at time of writing must always be given. DISCONTINUANCES.-We find that a large majority of our subscribers

prefer not to have their subscriptions interrupted and their files broken in case they fail to remit before expiration. It is therefore assumed, unless notification to discontinue is received, that the subscriber wishes no interruption in his series. Notification to discontinue at expiration can be sent in at any time during the year. PRESENTATION COPIES.-Many persons subscribe for friends, intending that the paper shall stop at the end of the year. If instructions are given to this effect, they will receive attention at the proper time.

THE

TOPICS OF THE DAY.

THE ISSUE IN THE STEEL STRIKE.

HE strike ordered in all the tinplate, steel hoop, and sheetsteel mills of the steel trust by President Shaffer of the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers hinges upon the refusal of the officials of the trust to include the non-union mills in the terms agreed upon between the trust officials and the labor-union officials. The trust officials insist that the men in the non-union mills be treated with separately; the labor-union officials insist that the settlement apply to all the tinplate, steel hoop, and sheet-steel mills in the trust, union and non-union alike. This is widely regarded as an attempt on the part of the union officials to unionize the non-union mills, and the New York Times justifies the employers in their refusal to do so, saying:

"To require the employers to force men to join the union when they did not wish to is to admit the right of the employers to prevent the men from joining the union when the men wished to join. President Shaffer and his advisers simply cut the ground from beneath their own feet in making such a demand. Again, they repel the sympathy of right-minded men with their cause, a sympathy that has been of the greatest value to them in the past, and has been the one thing that has enabled them to make the progress they have made.”

On the other side the New York Journal says:

"The United States Steel Corporation contains trusts within trusts. Each of its subordinate companies is itself a trust, composed in turn of dozens of smaller units. In dealing with its men the trust wishes each of these little units to be treated separately. Not only does the United States Steel Corporation refuse to make a general agreement covering all its works, but even its subordinate trusts-the American Sheet Steel Company, the American Steel Hoop Company, and the American Tin Plate Company-refuse to make such agreements for their own plants. They go back to the individual cells of which they have been built up. If one plant has been a union plant they are willing to sign the scale for that, but if another has been non-union they decline to change its status.

WHOLE NUMBER, 587

"Now, we do not profess to pass upon the technical merits of this position, or to say when a trust is not a trust. Nor do we express any opinion upon the wisdom of a strike at this time. That is a question of expediency and will be judged by the result. If the men win, it will be shown that their leaders looked at the situation with clear vision; otherwise, not.

"But we can say with confidence that if Mr. Morgan were really the Napoleon he is credited with being, he would not allow this strike to break out on such grounds. He would discard technicalities and would say to the hundreds of thousands of workmen of the steel trust:

"This is an age of combination. We have combined the management of the steel works of the country because individual action is out of date. We welcome the combination of labor for the same reason. Labor and capital make the steel industry. Let each choose its representatives, and then let those representatives get together in a room and quietly settle the terms on which the industry is to be carried on.’

"That would have been order and civilization. It would have been the peaceful acceptance of what will be accepted sooner or later, perhaps after decades of exhausting struggle.

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THE

A DEFENSE OF BULL-FIGHTING.

'HE bull-baiting in South Omaha, Nebr., has called out a good deal of denunciation, as was probably expected, from the pulpit and press of the country. The South Omaha exhibition, however, is only an imitation bull-fight. The governor of the State, whose name is Savage, has issued a signed statement that "there is no bull-fighting in South Omaha," and the New York Tribune explains the sport by saying:

"Bull fighting in Omaha has suddenly become an exceedingly popular and profitable diversion by reason of the circumstance that on Monday night one of the bulls unexpectedly caught one of the performers on his horns and sent him forty feet through the air, and ultimately to the hospital, where he now lies with two broken ribs, a lacerated chest, and an ugly temper. It was understood in advance that there was to be no blood-letting at these gentle and refined entertainments. The bulls were merely to caper about in a picturesque manner, and the men were to show only with what grace and facility they could exterminate their adversaries except for a manager's promise not to ruffle the susceptibilities of an unenlightened public. But the bull that was doing his turn on Monday night either 'did not know that rule' or else broke faith. The result was to convert a tame and tedious show into a highly exhilarating spectacle, crowd the arena at the next performance with seven thousand persons, and produce great joy in a disconsolate box-office. Now the manager says that Chicago, Buffalo, and Coney Island are clamoring for his favor, while the purveyors of amusement at many other places are opening negotiations."

But The Tribune does not defend the diversion. Indeed, it calls it "a gross affront to public sentiment everywhere in this country"; and many other papers express similar sentiments. The Mobile Register calls it a "foolish as well as cruel sport

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in the butcher's pen called the ring." This brings out a reply from the Washington Post, which points out the good features of the "sport" as follows:

"It is not correct to say that there is no fighting except on the part of the bull.' There is a great deal. As a matter of fact, if any man in the world fights for his life and under circumstances of the utmost peril, it is the matador whose part it is to kill the bull. He has to stand immediately in front of the vicious animal and must wait until the horns almost touch him. In no other position can the stroke be delivered. One miscalculation of distance by so much as an inch; one tremor of the nerves; one slip of the foot as he drives his sword-and your matador is a mangled, shapeless mass, torn out of human shape and crushed beyond hope of recovery. Does this ever happen? Yes; it happens much more frequently than the inexperienced imagine or than the others like to think of. As for 'torturing,' that is all humbug. The bull at no time is subjected to serious injury before the matador appears, and then he is not tortured at all. He kills, or he is killed by one lightning stroke, and that ends it.

"Nor need any one waste pity on the bulls that figure in the Plaza de Toros. Only the irreclaimably vicious varieties are sent there. Those that can be tamed and applied to useful ends are much too valuable for the ring. The bulls killed in the arena are always dangerous and unmanageable brutes. It is a question between the plaza and the abattoir in their case, and the plaza pays best. But there is no 'torture.' The picador has a spear, to be sure, but its point is less than an inch long. It can not inflict a serious or a particularly painful wound. Like the banderilla, which comes next, it can only penetrate the skin. It serves to infuriate an already dangerous animal, but differs very little from the old-time 'goad' with which teamsters were wont to manage the patient oxen at their work.

"Of course, we are no advocate of bull-fighting. Communities that enjoy it and wish to have it should not be balked by communities that feel the other way. We may say, indeed, that bull-fighting is little, if any, more immoral than dog or cock fighting, the prize ring, or the football field-provided the standard be that of the amount of death, broken bones, and impaired faculties that result. But we do not wish to say a good word for the Plaza de Toros. We have our favorite brutalities; let us, therefore, execrate the brutalities of our neighbors."

"Who knows," remarks the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, "but that the day will come when the inauguration ball at Washington will be preceded by the inauguration bull-fight?"

Turkey Pays Up.-After five or six years of duns, promises, more duns, and more promises, "the Padishah of all the Faithful and the Successor of Mohammed as vicegerent of Allah," as the Newark News observes, "has at last come to the conclusion that as far as this country is concerned his best policy was to pay up," and he has handed to Mr. Leishman, our Minister at Constantinople, $95,000 in payment of the claims of American citizens whose property was destroyed by rioters at Harpoot and elsewhere in 1895-96 during the Armenian massa

cres.

The Philadelphia Press says: "Nothing is ever certain in dealing with Turkey until a payment is actually made and the drafts cashed. Now that this has taken place it may be safely said that no recent event will do as much for the position and prestige of the United States in the East and the protection and safety of American citizens from Morocco to Persia." The New York Evening Post remarks:

"There is much wise debating over the question who deserves the credit for this result. Let us set it down to American patience and persistence, and have done with it. Secretary Hay steadily urged the righteous claim, and Messrs. Angell, Straus, Griscom, and Leishman presented it again and again, until at last even Turkish stolidity gave way and the money was forthcoming. There has been nothing spectacular about this method, no heroics, no taking the ruffian by the throat, but the business got done, and that, after all, is the chief end of diplomacy. It is triumph enough to have squeezed money out of a chronic bankrupt. Even the missionaries, who have been not a little

impatient with the Government for not collecting their damages by means of a bombardment, must now see that the ways of . pleasantness and peace have been better. The money is in hand, and there is no blood on it."

"This Government can now devote its entire energies," adds the Baltimore Sun, “to bringing the Sultan of Morocco to book. That unfortunate monarch is in our debt and may get into trouble if he does not come forward with the cash, instead of compelling the American consul-general to chase him about his dominions in fruitless attempts to enforce a settlement."

PARK CHAIR RIOTS IN NEW YORK.

WHIL

HILE the people of Omaha have been regaling the belligerent side of their nature with bull-fights, the New York populace have been doing the same thing at less expense by a series of small riots in Madison Square Park, where a Mr. Spate has been trying to earn a few dollars by renting armchairs at five cents each. Mr. Spate, who had a permit from Mr. Clausen, the Park Commissioner, to place his chairs in the parks, found that the people liked his chairs, but didn't like to pay for them. The parks, the people argued, were free, and no private individual had a right to put chairs in the parks and charge for their use. An important feature of the situation was that Police Commissioner Murphy also held this view, and, altho he sent a squad of police to the park to preserve order, he forbade them to arrest those who sat in the chairs and refused to pay. When the collectors tried to enforce payment they were mobbed, and for several days last week the comfortable and peaceful-looking green chairs were a fruitful source of disorder, broken bones, and arrests. Then the mayor expressed his sympathy with the popular view, the New York newspapers became unanimous in their stand against the "invasion of popular rights," and finally Mr. Clausen announced that he would revoke Mr. Spate's privilegeonly to find himself confronted by an injunction which Mr. Spate had secured to prevent Mr. Clausen from interfering with his rights. Then Mr. Spate, in turn, found himself confronted with an injunction secured by Mr. Max Radt, vice-president of the Jefferson State Bank, prohibiting him from charging rental for chairs in public parks. Both these injunctions are temporary, and the dispute will be fought out in the courts. Meanwhile Mr. Spate has removed his chairs, and peace reigns in Madison Square Park.

Some of the newspapers see a comic side to the uproar over five-cent chairs. The Buffalo Express, for instance, says:

"The park chair rebellion in New York is one of the oddest features of municipal life in the metropolis. The citizens of New York have submitted to a prodigious amount of misgovernment and have even supported those responsible for it. They have allowed themselves to be taxed extravagantly, when they knew that a great part of the taxes went for politics. They have smiled cynically at corruption and at the protection of resorts of vice and crime, tho they paid for it all.

"But when a concession was let under which somebody undertook to charge them five cents for the privilege of a seat in the public parks, they revolted. People refused to pay. The Police Commissioner forbade policemen to make arrests for such refusals, and the consequence has been a series of petty riots in most of the public parks, disgraceful alike to the citizens and the authorities. It is a pity New Yorkers do not awake to the idea that they are being imposed on by their rulers in much more serious ways than by this charge for park chairs. If a very little of the tenacity that is shown in resisting the payment of five cents for a park chair were exhibited in more important matters, New York would be a different kind of city."

And the New York Press observes, in a similar vein:

"What a general breaking of our chains and casting off of our yokes may we not predicate from this glorious stand for popular right! If we chased a man of Clausen's man Spate into the

Fifth Avenue Hotel for charging five cents for a five-cent chair, what will we do to Scannell's man Marks, who charges twentyfive cents for twelve-cent hose? And what will we do with Whitney's man Car Lord Vreeland, who takes the five cents, gives us no chair at all-not even the edge of a bench-and when we protest tells us that 'East Siders don't kick'? Surely the mob which had brickbats for the one must have tar and feathers for the other. And what is in store for Devery's man 'Bob' Nelson,

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who charges $5 for a bail bond, and what for all of the men who charge $300 for a place on the force,' and Percy Nagle's men, who collect $50 for a place on a broom'? The mob which goes to settle this question should be armed with Winchesters, if punishment is to be proportioned to crimes. What, too, is to be the fate of the dock commission, which did not merely request a weary wayfarer to move to an adjacent bench but commanded the dry-goods district to get up and move across town? If the penalty is graded according to the damage, this mob ought to follow recent Southern examples and be prepared for a 'barbecue.' The offenders ought to be roasted in a slow fire and portions of their anatomies distributed among the spectators.

"Seriously, this spirit of individual resentment of official imposition, this indignant disavowal of the sale of what are believed to be popular rights, would make a new city of New York over night if it could be induced to expend its strength in useful channels. Public burdens would come down with a rush, public benefits would go forward with a bound, the city beautiful and the city comfortable would overcome us like a summer cloud without our special knowing. The vast surplus of a budget without 'rake-offs' would make for us a municipal habitation in which it would be a positive pleasure to dwell, even under the weather prophetship of Moore."

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Mr. Spate, it seems, was merely trying to introduce into the metropolis what has long been a familiar feature in European cities. The Boston Transcript says:

"They have had pay chairs in the parks of many European cities for a long time, but the receipts go into the public revenues. The chairs are under the control and supervision of park attendants from whom you buy your ticket. In London parks sections of pay chairs alternate with free seats. The pay chairs do not monopolize all the shade. The Londoners would not stand that if any London park administration were foolish enough to attempt to limit those who can not afford to pay five cents to the blazing mercies of the bleachers. London is a free city. It has no Tammany; consequently it treats its citizens fairly in the matter of park accommodations.

"There is no ground in the mind of the European for the suspicion that politicians behind a contract screen are making a good thing' out of him. He never has occasion to reflect that if he does not want to pay for the shade he is at liberty to sit in the sunshine for nothing. Consequently the pay-chair riot is

never heard of in European cities. The pay-chair idea itself is a good one. It has been applied in the wrong way. It should have been carried out by the city itself and with a decent regard for the comfort and convenience in the parks of those unable or unwilling to pay the price for reserved seats."

OHIO DEMOCRATS SILENT ABOUT BRYAN AND SILVER.

M

OST of the talk about reorganizing the Democratic Party by "dropping Bryan and Bryanism" has come, heretofore, from those newspapers and men who were never very enthusiastic in support of Mr. Bryan. The main reorganization agitators have been the "Gold Democrats" or "Cleveland Democrats "; and while in Maryland and Illinois some of them have gained prominent places in the state organizations, not until last week have they been able to show a state convention that seemed to be dominated by their reorganization views. Last week the Ohio Democrats held their state convention in Columbus, and in all their resolutions no reaffirmation or mention of the Chicago or the Kansas City platform was to be found, no mention of Mr. Bryan was made. Indeed a resolution indorsing Mr. Bryan and the Kansas City platform was overwhelmingly voted down. The platform that was adopted opposed "any extension of the national boundaries not meant to carry speedily to all inhabitants full equal rights with ourselves," but on the coinage question it was silent. The convention was controlled by the friends of John R. McLean of Cincinnati, who was mentioned as an opposition candidate to Mr. Bryan for the Presidential nomination at Kansas City last year; but the coldness toward the Nebraskan seemed to pervade almost the entire gathering. To quote the Associated Press account:

"The most striking turn of the convention was on Bryan. The most bitter things were said of his leadership in the committee on resolutions this morning, where it was insisted his name

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should not be mentioned and that there should be no reference to either of the national platforms on which he made his campaign.

"After this plan had been agreed upon, one of the twenty-one members of that committee offered a minority report, reaffirming the Kansas City platform and expressing confidence in Bryan. He received only six votes from the 950 delegates on his substitute for the preamble. A few moments after the platform was adopted one of these six delegates called attention to the fact that pictures of other Democrats were displayed in the hall, and none of Bryan, as heretofore.

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