anarchistic society should not be punished on the proof of that fact with imprisonment for life."

A Motiveless Crime. “That such a President as McKinley should have been chosen as a victim is the greatest of marvels. No man ever stood at the head of this nation who had fewer enemies. Tho under his first administration this nation was forced to go to war with a foreign Power, yet he has been a man of peace, and during his terms there has come to this country an era of prosperity such as it has never before known in all its history. Through the wise foreign policy pursued by him large additions have been made to our territory, new markets have been added, and every American industry has received the greatest benefit from the excellent use of the results of our war with Spain. None rejoiced more than he to see the nation again at peace, and the opening of his second term-after a reelection by an enormous majority of the American voters-found the way clear for him to make a record as President of the United States never surpassed by any of his predecessors. He has won for himself the esteem, respect, and even the love of the whole people of this country, and in foreign lands he is justly counted as one of the wisest statesmen America has ever produced.”—The Baltimore American.

Sympathy for Mrs. McKinley.-"The deep feeling of anxiety over the President's condition will be everywhere accompanied with the most profound sympathy for his estimable wife. Frail in health, she has had the constant and vigilant care of her devoted husband during their thirty years of married life. It is the belief of those best acquainted with their domestic life that excepting for the watchful attention of the President, hardly ever relaxed even for a day, Mrs. McKinley would not have survived the attacks of disease and the strain she has undergone as the first lady of the land.

"The devotion of the President was fully reciprocated by the faithful wife. Her greatest pleasure in life has been that of witnessing the success of her husband. She has been his constant companion, not only at home but in his travels. Rarely has he gone on a journey, even for a day, without his wife as a companion. She was with him yesterday on his trip to Niagara Falls, and excepting for the fatigue of the journey would probably have been at his side at the moment when the assassin made his mad attempt on the President's life. .

"The example the President and his wife have set before the world for marital devotion can not fail to have a beneficial effect. The world is richer and better for such lives, and it is indeed a dark day when they are torn asunder by the foul hand of an assassin."-The Philadelphia Press.

An Epoch of Assassinations.-"The nineteenth century ran red with the blood of rulers, beginning in 1801 with the killing of the Czar Paul of Russia by some of his nobles. There were over 50 assassinations or attempts at assassinations of ruling statesmen and crowned heads, beginning with the Czar Paul and ending with President McKinley. But a clear distinction can be drawn between those which occurred prior to 1894 and those which have crowded the few years since Carnot fell. . . .

"The assassination of President Carnot in 1894 was the first avowed work of the modern revolutionary anarchists, whose propaganda of murder is aimed against all government of whatever character and however liberal and free. Every assassination and attempt at assassination since then have been their work. They have been exceedingly busy and their bloody harvest has been uncommonly fruitful. Within seven years they have shot the presidents of the two greatest republics in the world, besides killing the monarch of a great Power, the Empress of another great Power, the prime minister of still another European kingdom, and have attempted the life of the heir to Britain's throne." -The Springfield Republican.

A Socialist View.--"The attempted assassination of President McKinley has come as a severe shock upon the public. It speaks well for the moral sense of man that, despite the increasing frequency of such mischievous deeds, the human mind fails to become habituated to the thing. As France, and Germany, and Italy, and England, even Japan, together with all the other foreign nations in the sisterhood of civilized states, are each stirred to their profoundest depths every time a son of theirs steeps his hand in human blood, blinded to the insane length of committing political murder, so is America. Her moral sense also revolts

when such of her sons as Booth, the assassin of Lincoln; Guiteau, the assassin of Garfield; Norcross, the would-be dynamiter of Russell Sage; Prendergast, the assassin of Mayor Carter Harrison; together with the assassin or assassins of Governor Goebel of Kentucky, and also many others, too numerous to mention, resort to the felony of political crime. And it goes without saying that the Socialist-the man up in moral and intellectual indignation at that insidious system of cannibalism called Capitalism'-shares the common sentiment, and feels the shock strongest, every time such attempts are perpetrated in defiance of the moral and the intellectual progress of society."-The New York Daily People.

No Need for Financial Unrest.-"There is not the slightest ground for making his danger the occasion of alarm for the financial and commercial prospects of the country. These rest on too stable a basis to be affected by anything that can happen to the occupant of the Executive chair of the republic. There are no elements, political or other, which President McKinley holds in control which the failure of his grasp might let loose to the detriment either of national tranquillity or national prosperity. Apprehension in regard to the stability of the foundation on which financial confidence rests would, at such a time, be as insensate as the crime which was made the occasion of it. Profoundly as every sentiment of patriotism and of regard, alike for the President and his great office, must be stirred by the wanton assault of yesterday, let there be no hectic excitement or hysterical ebullitions of unrest over the condition of affairs to which the health of the President bears a merely sentimental relation."The New York Journal of Commerce.

THE

THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH IN BUFFALO. HE President's address at the Pan-American Exposition grounds the day before the assault was made upon his life is given a new significance by the tragedy that followed its utterance. The press comment that greeted what was regarded as an unusually important and significant utterance on commercial problems is merged in sentiments expressing the gravest solicitude for the President's life.

The President's speech, which is viewed as an exceptionally felicitous one by papers of every political hue, was devoted in large part to the growing magnitude of American commerce and the necessity of trade reciprocity. He said:

"Our capacity to produce has developed so enormously and our products have so multiplied that the problem of more markets requires our urgent and immediate attention. Only a broad and enlightened policy will keep what we have. No other policy will get more. In these times of marvelous business energy and gain we ought to be looking to the future, strengthening the weak places in our industrial and commercial systems, that we may be ready for any storm or strain.

"By sensible trade arrangements which will not interrupt our home production, we shall extend the outlets for our increasing surplus. A system which provides a mutual exchange of commodities is manifestly essential to the continued and healthful growth of our export trade. We must not repose in fancied security that we can forever sell everything and buy little or nothing. If such a thing were possible, it would not be best for us or for those with whom we deal. We should take from our customers such of their products as we can use without harm to our industries and labor. Reciprocity is the natural outgrowth of our wonderful industrial development under the domestic policy now firmly established. What we produce beyond our domestic consumption must have vent abroad. The excess must be relieved through a foreign outlet, and we should sell everywhere we can and buy wherever the buying will enlarge our sales and productions, and thereby make a greater demand for home labor. The period of exclusiveness is past. The expansion of our trade and commerce is the pressing problem. Commercial wars are unprofitable. A policy of good-will and friendly trade relations will prevent reprisals. Reciprocity treaties are in harmony with the spirit of the times; measures of retaliation are not. "If, perchance, some of our tariffs are no longer needed, for

revenue or to encourage and protect our industries at home, why should they not be employed to extend and promote our markets abroad?"

The President's remarks are regarded in many quarters as marking a very important departure from views previously held by him. The Baltimore Sun (Ind.) declares that his speech was "a frank and unreserved confession that the country has outgrown its Chinese-wall tariff policy," and thinks his utterances "amazing" when it is considered that they emanated from "the statesman whose name is associated with the McKinley tariff act." "If, a few years ago, Mr. McKinley had given utterance to such opinions," adds the Boston Herald (Ind.), "he would have been denounced as an heretical free-trader, desirous of breaking down the national system under which alone American industry had and could prosper." The New York Evening Post (Ind.), a stanch Free-Trade advocate, finds it most gratifying to note the broadening of the President's policy, and holds that his attitude is not necessarily inconsistent with his former stand. It says:

"It is quite admissible for any body to say that the times have changed, and that we should change with them; that the policy of restriction and exclusiveness which was proper a dozen years ago is no longer desirable; that a system which was intended to build up certain manufactures by tariffs, and enable them to compete in the world's markets, is neither justifiable nor profitable after the manufacturers have proved their ability to undersell foreigners in foreign markets.

"It is a sufficient justification for Mr. McKinley to say that he has learned much respecting foreign trade, as well as concerning the coinage of silver, since 1890, when he suppported the Sherman bill as the nearest approach to free coinage that was then possible. Even Solon said that he learned as he grew older, and this privilege must be conceded also to great men of the present day."

Even the Protectionist papers commend the utterance of the President. For example, the New York Press (Rep.) says that the President has adopted the "ultra-Protectionist" interpretation of the term "reciprocity," and that he "stands on this subject where all Republican Presidents have stood since Chester A. Arthur, in 1885, negotiated the Spanish and San Domingan treaties, and thereby inaugurated the reciprocity policy." The Philadelphia Public Ledger (Ind.) says:

"Nothing can stop the movement for an enlightened and farseeing policy with respect to our trade relations. It is only ignorance which prompts the Chinese tariff organs to try to create the impression that the demand for reciprocity is fraught with peril to American trade or to American manufactures. A sufficient commentary on so weird a notion is found in the action by the National Association of Manufacturers. In accordance with instructions given at the national convention, held last spring, the executive committee met in this city recently to consider the advisability of calling a reciprocity convention. The decision in favor of the convention was unanimous, and of the 1,200 leading manufacturers from all parts of the United States, who compose the National Association, practically all had given their approval to the reciprocity meeting, which will be held this fall in some Western or Southern city not yet chosen."

The Chicago Tribune (Rep.), too, thinks that added significance is given to the President's utterance by the action of the National Association of Manufacturers. This is a timely move," it says; "it will serve to enlighten the people and to strengthen the hands of the President, who doubtless will urge upon Congress next winter the salutary policy which he outlined and which Congress should adopt speedily."

Some of the English papers affect to see in the President's address a purpose of hostility to European Powers and a disposition to carry the Monroe Doctrine to an extreme. This interpretation, declares the New York Commercial Advertiser (Rep.), has no

shall enjoy free trade with this country and become full-fledged citizens. The Philadelphia North American says of the transaction:

"The Danish islands have no real commercial value to us. Their population numbers only 32,000, and the entire area of the three islands of St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John is only 132 square miles. But St. Thomas possesses one of the finest harbors in the West Indies. In other hands than ours it must be a constant menace to our safety-a menace that will become greater when we build the interoceanic canal, Altho $4,480,000, the price asked by Denmark, may appear too high for an unprofitable piece of territory, when the strategic value of the islands is taken into consideration it is folly to haggle over the precise terms of the bargain.

"We have already safeguarded our interests in Cuba and Porto Rico. With the Danish West Indies in our possession we will have greatly extended and strengthened our coast fortifications. As opportunity presents itself we should work out this policy to its logical conclusion and secure control of every naval base and port of refuge in the vicinity of our shores. Not that there is immediate prospect of our being attacked, but should attack come we must be prepared to render it as little formidable as possible. By physical location all the islands in the West Indian seas are appurtenant to the United States. They are our natural outposts. Without them we are exposed to assault by any enemy that may arise. Reason and prudence bid us take them

over by purchase or peaceable cession as fast as their present owners can be induced to part with them."

"Except for strategic purposes," observes the Baltimore Sun also, "it is doubtful whether the Danish West Indies are worth even the expenditure of a dollar. They have paid little revenue into the treasury of Denmark-not nearly enough to defray the cost of the government of the islands." The New York Sun, however, thinks that in time the islands will become a commercial asset, and declares:

"In the time of sailing craft, St. Thomas was the main entrepôt of European trade with the Antilles, the haven in which merchant fleets assembled to wait for their convoys, and the principal port of call in West Indian waters. Not only, however, will St. Thomas and the sister islands of Santa Croix and St. John be eminently useful to us from their proximity to one of the great trade routes of the world; it is equally certain that, under the American flag, they will recover their former agricultural prosperity, and be what they once were, self-supporting, if not actual producers of revenue for the mother country. St. Thomas, the soil of which is relatively poor, used to be covered with sugar plantations, and in Santa Croix, even now, notwithstanding the depression of the industry, a good deal of sugar-cane is grown.

"There is no doubt that the white residents, being accustomed to self-government, will make excellent citizens, and they, on their part, fully understand how much they have to gain from the free access of their native sugar to the American market. We have, in fine, reason to believe that, under American auspices, the port of Charlotte Amalie or St. Thomas will again become the emporium of West Indian trade."

A PLEA FOR THE DISMEMBERMENT OF

THE

TURKEY.

HE renewed prominence that is being given to Turkish affairs by the failure of the Sultan to meet his financial obligations to France, following closely upon the strained relations existing until recently between this country and the Ottoman empire, has revived in many quarters the demand for the entire dismemberment of Turkey. "The Turk is one of the things that must go, as an obstruction to civilization," remarks the Minneapolis Journal, which further expresses the hope that Abdul Hamid may be the last Sultan at Constantinople. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat adds:

"Turkey is staggering under loads of debts which are becoming heavier and heavier every year. Even if the Sultan had the

disposition to meet his obligations, he lacks the power. His crimes, as shown by the massacres which are periodically reported from Armenia and other portions of his domain, still continue without material interruption. Nothing except the asinine jealousies and rivalries of the great nations prevents the settlement of the Turkish question in the only way that it ever can be settled, and that is by driving the Turk into his Asiatic dominions, and keeping him there. Throughout all the centuries of his occupation of a section of Southeastern Europe the Turk has simply camped there. In the midst of civilization he remains a savage. He is still, throughout all the ages which have passed since his conquest of Constantinople, an alien and an invader. His hand is against every man among his neighbors, and every man's hand ought to be against him. In the present era of good feeling among the great nations of Europe the removal of the Turk ought not to be beyond the powers of peaceful diplomacy. It should be possible in 1901 to correct the mistake made by Alexander at Tilsit in 1807, and to pack the Turk back into Asia."

In similar vein, the Atlanta Constitution declares its belief that the growing power of Russia and the new realinement of the European Powers is inevitably paving the way for Turkey's dismemberment. The old balance of power between European countries has been destroyed, it says, and Russia's ambitions are stretching out in the direction of the Sultan. It continues:

"There can be no doubt that the end of the Turk is imminent. There are but three courses open to the diplomacy of Europe: "1. Allow Russia to seize the empire.

"2. Extend the authority of Greece over the Turkish empire, thus maintaining the present balance; or,

"3. General European war, the result of which no man can foresee.

"The situation is grave indeed, and the coming conflict is but a matter of time."

A Proposed Civic Object-Lesson.-An interesting resolution was presented by Mr. Albert Kelsey, the Philadelphia architect, at the recent session of the American League of Civic Improvement in Buffalo, and adopted by that body, petitioning the management of the St. Louis Exposition to make provision for an exhibit that shall represent "municipal art and the science of modern city making." Says the Boston Herald:

"Such an idea, if developed to its full and easily practicable possibilities, would create at St. Louis an exhibition within an exhibition, a sort of civic Midway Plaisance upon a scale large enough to illustrate modern city making in all countries and in all its phases. A large section of the ground would have to be set aside for the purpose if the idea is to be adequately carried out. There would be a Civic Arts building for exhibiting representations of notable municipal improvements, including models, plans, maps, and photographs-the models to show in plaster, or similar material, such things as public buildings, bridges, and artistic street equipments. The outdoor section should be devoted to representation of ideal city streets and public places, with opportunities for street pageantry, for showing street-lighting methods, with types of the best designs for lamp-posts as employed in European cities; systems of sanitation; the treatment of various kinds of formal areas in congested centers, including the intelligent grouping of public utilities; commendably legitimate and inoffensive ways of providing public advertising, both for daylight and night-time purposes; and a showing of the proper architectural and decorative accessories for parks and other departments of municipal organization. There should also be a civic bureau of information and a library for all manner of statistics, reports, and other data made easy of access."

"Such a feature," remarks the Boston Herald, further, "would furnish object-lessons for civic progress whose influence for good would be inestimable." The Rochester Post-Express believes that if this opportunity is embraced, there may come from the West "the most notable artistic impetus, measured by practical results, that the United States has ever had."

claring that a wrong choice has been made and in calling for a reversal of the decision. "It can not be said," contends The Sun, "that the committee which has chosen the Columbia has done everything possible to make certain which is the better boat. . . . The Columbia has been chosen when at her best, while the Constitution was at her worst. To improve the boat selected is morally impossible. That the other would be improved was a moral certainty." In quite an opposite strain, the Philadelphia Record says:

"It goes without saying, of course, that the fullest measure of public confidence and support will be accorded

Copyright West & Sou.

THE SHAMROCK.

a good showing in the earlier contests, she has of late been getting slower and slower and lost both of the formal trial races. "The unprecedented has happened in America's cup history," remarks the New York Press, "and a defender will be called upon to answer a second challenge. This is indeed a singular reversal of conditions from the beginning of the trial season, when it seemed that the Shamrock II., and not the Constitution, would have to yield the palm to her predecessor." "There can be no question of the wisdom of the committee in selecting the Columbia," adds the Boston Transcript; "had the Constitution been selected and iost the cup in the races, universal condemnation would have been the portion of the committee. Furthermore, the Columbia is better now than she was in the yacht races two years ago, as a yacht almost invariably improves in her second season and becomes trained to the work which she is called upon to do." The New York Sun is almost alone in de

Copyright James Burton, New York.

THE COLUMBIA.

to the old cup defender in her renewed position of primacy. The challenge committee-albeit perhaps unwittingly-has made an immensely popular selection in conferring upon Columbia the unprecedented honor of defending the cup for two series in succession. Knowing that it is clearly America's best against England's best, the people will manifest an interest in the successive races far keener than could have been aroused by any closely circumscribed syndicate enterprise projected into the world of sport. The popular feeling of unconcern as to the future disposal of the America cup, so unmistakably evinced during the desperate efforts of the new boat's sponsors to crowd Columbia to the rear, will be displaced by a sentiment of genuine popular interest and sound sporting enthusiasm. Weather permitting, the forthcoming contests between Shamrock 11. and Columbia off Sandy Hook should prove the most exciting, most closely contested, and most thoroughly representative of national and international spirit that have been witnessed since British pride impelled British yachtsmen to cross the Atlantic on cup-hunting expeditions."

Copyright James Burton, New York.

POLICE CORRUPTION IN NEW YORK AGAIN.

THE

HE continued charges of police corruption in New York, and the pursuit and prosecution of police captains, wardmen, and policemen continue to supply a prominent topic in the metropolis and will undoubtedly furnish a leading feature in the anti-Tammany campaign this fall. The Whitney-Dillon disclosures of an organized "tipping" system to disorderly resorts through the medium of Police Headquarters; the indictment and sentence to five years' imprisonment of Wardman Bissert, and the subsequent indictment of his superior, Captain Diamond, each for complicity in the protection of a disorderly house; the discovery of Captain Gannon in a disorderly resort which he had been vainly petitioned by the residents of his district to suppress; the revolt of Policeman O'Neil, who accused Deputy Commissioner Devery to his face of countenancing a system of "shakedowns," by which privileges are purchased in the apportionment of police work; and the protest of the Merchants' Association, addressed to Commissioner Murphy, against the corruption and incompetency of the force, have formed a serial story of the most sensational kind which has called forth denunciations in the most scathing terms from the New York newspapers. Even the Democratic papers join with the Republican press in their indictment of policy inefficiency. The New York Journal (Dem.) clamors for the removal of Deputy Commissioner Devery and his fellow officials, declaring that "exposure has followed exposure until impudence itself is abashed," and that "there can be no longer a pretence that the police department of New York represents the enforcement of law, the guardianship of order, or anything else but open, shameless partnership with vice and crime." The New York World (Dem. ) says:

"Devery has come to regard the 7,000 policemen as incapable of making a stand against the autocratic power with which the law and the ring clothe him. They have been used as 'beatersin' for the vile revenues from the dives. They have been employed in all of the scores of disgraceful ways in which government 'for my own pocket all the time' finds it necessary to use force or a show of force. And finally, they have themselves been robbed by their superiors, robbed by the politicians, made to pay for transfers and assignments, savagely punished on charges of insubordination' if they resisted.

"To the onlooker the spectacle of so many men-intelligent, brave, and naturally honest-submitting without a murmur would have been incredible did he not realize the enormous power of the inside ring."

Foremost in the prosecution of the accused officials have been District Attorney Philbin, whom ex-Governor Roosevelt appointed to succeed Mr. Asa Bird Gardiner; Justice Jerome, who has taken so prominent a part in the recent "raids" on disorderly resorts; and Frank Moss, former president of the board of New York police commissioners and the counsel for the Society for the

Prevention of Crime. Mr. Moss characterizes the metropolitan police force as an agency whose chief function seems to be that of "providing political funds and enriching politicians." "Its degeneration," he says, writing in Collier's Weekly (September 7), "has progressed so far that it has alliances not only with liquor sellers and gamblers, but also with procurers, thieves, highwaymen, swindlers, and many other criminals. With its increase of power there have come an arrogance and brutality that have made decent people in many districts dread the policemen." In considering the question of how present evils may be remedied, Mr. Moss says:

"While the control of the police department remains a chief function of the dominant party in our municipal politics we can not look to the acts of the legislature for relief from corruption. The supreme duty of the people in this crisis is to put the police department into the hands of an administration that will dissolve all social, political, and financial alliances between it and criminals, and that will administer it for the benefit and protection of all the people without reference to their political creeds. A majority of the policemen would welcome such control. "There are three points in which the present law should be improved: (a) The governor's power to remove the commissioner of police should be abolished; (b) the power of the courts to review and reverse the dismissal of policemen from the force should be removed or curtailed; (c) under the present corrupt conditions, the commissioner should be enabled to use a limited outside secret service."

In brief, Mr. Moss maintains that nothing vital can be accomplished until the present "venal administration" is overthrown root and branch; and then the city officials must be given unqualified home rule to work out their own problem.

TOPICS IN BRIEF.

So far the lynchers have not used the ax. They prefer the stake to the chops.-The Detroit Journal.

THE Sultan of Turkey is no diplomat. He can't lie without being caught.-The Boston Journal.

MANILA is to have trolley lines. This is a surer way of killing the insurgents.-The Baltimore American.

Some persons are thinking that after the inquiry Admiral Cervera may figure as the real hero of Santiago.-The Washington Star.

A NEW JERSEY man stole part of a railroad bed without doing it via Wall Street. Of course, he was arrested.-The Baltimore American.

THE people of Mississippi have just refused to send an ex-convict to the législature. Perhaps they want to give him a chance to reform.-The Atlanta Journal.

"IT takes a brave man to be a policeman," said the New York taxpayer. "It does," answered the reformer; "on the theory that conscience doth make cowards of us all."-The Washington Star.

ACCORDING to a contemporary, Germany is just aching to start trouble with the United States. Germany would ache much worse after the trouble got under way.-The Kanas City Journal.

IN trying to break into the international yacht race Mr. Lawson continues to encounter all the difficulties that beset the way of every third-party movement in this country.-The Salt Lake Herald.