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VOL. XXIII., No. 10

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

FORECASTING THE RESULTS OF THE STEEL STRIKE.

PRACTICALLY all the newspapers that attempt to predict

how the steel strike will end express the belief that the strikers have lost the battle. The trust is gradually but steadily starting mill after mill with non-union labor, and has rejected the offer to settle the strike by arbitration. Figures quoted in a comment given below show that the Amalgamated started the fight with a much smaller force and with smaller resources than had been commonly

supposed; and The Labor World of Pittsburg calls for the impeachment of President Shaffer "for plunging the Amalgamated into a strike that was unwarranted," and declares that "the fight against the steel trust is lost." The Washington Times, too, thinks that "on the whole, the indications seem to favor the idea that the strike will not last much longer," and the New York Evening Post says that "the numerous reports concerning the starting of mills here and there show that the steel strike

WHOLE NUMBER, 594

is rapidly disintegrating." "Undoubtedly," observes the Brooklyn Standard-Union, "the strike has proved a failure." It seems to many papers that President Schwab of the trust has made up his mind to crush the Amalgamated out of existence, and the Pittsburg Commercial Gazette says that "the declared attitude of the United States Steel Corporation leaves no room for hope that any of the offers of arbitration now being made will be entertained." The New York Sun and the Brooklyn Citizen, indeed, think the trust ought not to consent to arbitration. "An unqualified surrender of Shaffer," says the latter paper, "is what it ought to insist upon." The New York Press appeals to President Shaffer to call off the strike at once for the sake of the men, and the Chicago Evening Post agrees that it is "time to sue for peace." That Mr. Shaffer has failed, says the Boston Herald, seems now to be generally admitted even by those who greatly deplore his want of success."

The Pittsburg Times, published in the center of the strike district, says:

"The history of strikes makes it plain that to win in an unqualified degree strikers must win promptly-right off the bat, as it were. The necessities of men's families, the possibility of having to remove to another neighborhood, the spectacle of men from other communities taking their places, the temptations and weariness of enforced and unwelcome idleness, the lack of a tangible issue, such as more wages and fewer hours of labor-all these considerations eventually have their influence in weakening the lines. When you add to these the lack of effectual and general cooperation by other labor-unions and the absence of that active and sympathetic public sentiment which has so often in the past been quick to respond to the appeal of a striking organization, the dispassionate observer can not help but be puzzled to discover in the pending contest any element or sign of ultimate victory for the Amalgamated Association."

Some interesting figures showing the strength of the laborunion when it began

14,000. The temerity displayed by President Shaffer in ordering a general strike and his talk of boundless resources gave the impression that some 40,000 skilled mechanics composed the Amalgamated membership, and that they had funds sufficient to carry on a protracted struggle.

"It turns out that the earlier statement was correct. The secret of the membership and the receipts and expenses for the past twenty-five years have leaked out, with the result that it is now known that when the Amalgamated Association entered upon its present warfare it had but 160 active subordinate lodges with a total of 13,892 members and a balance of only $74,898 in its treasury. Yet with this pitiful showing of strength, the infatuated leaders rushed into a war with the strongest and ablest managed corporation in the world. Small as the army was, all the force could not be controlled, and of the 9.392 employed by the steel trust probably not over 8,000 have gone out, tho in all some 80,000 or 90,000 laborers have been made idle.

"It is obvious that the Amalgamated Association never had more than the ghost of a show for victory. Shaffer's mind and those of his associates have been full of misconceptions. In the first place he counted upon the popular antipathy to trusts to bring the force of public opinion to his support, and in the next place he relied upon producing a panic in the stock-market, which should frighten the steel stockholders into conceding the association's demand. In both these matters he was disappointed. The public could not approve a causeless strike and there was no headlong decline in the value of steel shares. The lowest range reached after the announcement of the failure of the conference between the manufacturers and labor leaders only put down the market about ten points, and such effective support was received that a rally has been steadily going on ever since. "Under the circumstances the failure of the strike was a foregone conclusion from the start."

THE

AN EPIDEMIC OF LYNCHING.

HE frequency of lynchings in the South of late, in spite of the efforts of such sheriffs as those mentioned in these columns last week, is stirring up comment in every part of the country. In the last few weeks these mob executions have sometimes occurred as often as one a day, the victim usually being burned alive. The Atlanta Constitution says that this state of affairs "has, perhaps, never been more acute than at the present time." Many papers note the fact that while the burning of Sam Hose a few years ago sent a thrill of horror throughout the country, the negro burnings of the past few weeks have

been indifferently dismissed with a few lines each in some obscure corner of the newspaper. Many note, too, that lynching seems to increase crime instead of acting as a deterrent, and the Columbia State declares that legal hangings would accomplish the purpose much more effectually. "In substantiation of this," it says, "we might direct attention to the fact that in the above list [of recent lynchings] South Carolina does not appear, and in connection with that fact recall that the only assaults which have occurred in this State within the last three years have been punished by the law, and further, that since the two or three trials, convictions, and executions for such crimes within that time, there has not been an assault committed by a negro on a white woman in this State." In Wetumpka, Ala., last week, a member of a lynching party was convicted of murder in the first degree and sentenced to life imprisonment, six men are in jail in Nashville on a similar charge, and warrants are out for others. The Southern papers denounce these mob executions as strongly as those of the North. The Rome (Ga.) Tribune says there is not a community in the South where men who chained a mad dog or a mad bull to the stake and burned it alive would not be prosecuted, and it adds that the people of the South must call a halt upon the "horrible practise" of burning negroes, "or the South will go back into darkness and barbarism."

Where Will it End ?-"Lawlessness feeds on lawlessness. Formerly the mob was satisfied to hang its victim. When the Texas mob burned a negro it was a shock to the country. The world regarded it with horror. But as crime becomes familiar its repulsiveness grows less. The first burning of a victim by a mob suggested the crime to others, and it has been repeated so often it has ceased to be more shocking to the benumbed public mind than an ordinary hanging formerly was. It has grown to be the common method of the mob. It will grow more common and on smaller provocation until some more fiendish and brutalizing method is resorted to. Cannibals eat their victims. We have not arrived at that point-yet. The enlightened mind can not fail to realize that such crimes can not be committed without injury to those who commit them. The fire may consume the victim, but the crime leaves black scars on the living which do not heal. There is a penalty for all this which we shall not escape. The thoughtful must shudder as they contemplate this downward drift. Where will it end?"-The Nashville Ameri

can.

On a Level with Savages." We are sickened by reading of a negro criminal put to death by slow fire in Texas-a method

UNCLE SAM: "Poke him in the pocket-book, Frenchy; that's where his heart is." -The Minneapolis Journal.

CHINA: "Thank goodness, it's Turkey's turn to be down for a while.' -The Detroit News-Tribune.

imitative of Apache Indians at their worst-and of an old man burned in his own home, and all negroes being chased from towns in Missouri, including a number of entirely respectable and inoffensive citizens of that race. Despite the smug declarations that the race problem will solve itself, made by those who wish to elude the trouble of considering a very complicated question, the race conditions are worse than they were twenty-five years ago. The burning of human beings by white men was then unheard of. Now, it is a custom, and the newspapers have ceased to discuss it. Our people have become hardened to the horror. We are destroying our own instincts of civilization and putting ourselves on the level of the vilest savages.

"State sovereignty is the most valuable principle of our Government, and should be maintained at all hazards. Yet, if the States continue to permit horrors like those in Texas and Missouri, it will be a serious question with thinking people whether the general Government should not be asked to interfere, even if an amendment to the Constitution should be required. It may be better to impair a great principle than to bring up our children to regard the burning and slow torture to death of men by mobs as the common and proper method of punishing crime. Such acts revenge themselves gradually but surely. The race guilty of them suffers more in the end, by degradation and loss of civilization, than the race that is the victim of them."-The Richmond News.

Statistics of Lynching.-"The number of lynchings during the present year to date has been ninety-nine. In no other year during the last decade has the number been so large during the same period. Of this total there have been thirteen in the North and eighty-six in the South. This is not stated invidiously, but because the relations between lynching and crime are most conspicuous and most easily studied in the South. If the theory of the advocates of lynching be true, then this unusual increase in the number of lynchings should have been accompanied by an unusual decrease in crimes committed. Has such been the case? "Far from it. While crime has increased all over the country, it has increased most rapidly in the South, and in the four States, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana, where lynchings are most frequent. In Mississippi the record of the last thirty days shows forty-five murders committed. In other States there has been a corresponding increase. Evidently lynching does not prevent murder. In the South criminal assault is characterized as 'the usual cause' of lynching, tho it is not so, murder being the principal cause year by year. Lynching, however, has been regarded as the remedy for that crime, but, instead of preventing or even decreasing it, it is rapidly increasing, and most rapidly in the sections where lynchings are most numerous and most

CONGRESSMAN CHARLES F. LITTLEFIELD, OF MAINE.

by any censurable motive, I feel bound to say it seems to me that they were too profoundly impressed with the supposed consequences of an adverse decision. . .

"The insular cases, in the manner in which the results were reached, the incongruity of the results, and the variety of incon