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A WEEKLY COMPENDIUM OF THE CONTEMPORANEOUS THOUGHT OF THE WORLD.

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FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 30 LAFAYETTE PLACE, N. Y.

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TWO HUNDRED MILLION
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of the most famous railroad train in the world are on sale in every city, town, village and hamlet in the United States..

The picture is the New York Central's Empire State Express, and was made from a photograph by A. P. Yates, of Syracuse, taken when the train was running 64 miles an hour.

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The Ethics of Marriage. Vital Suggestions Toward Making the Marriage State Both Sacred and Happy By H. S. POMEROY, M.D. The Family and the State-All that Concerns Woman's Education and Employment in their Bearings on the Questions of Marriage and Maternity-The Perversion of Marriage-The Mission of the ChildHeredity-Bars to Parenthood-Suggestions.

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THE OLD FAMILIAR HYMNS

English Hymns: Their
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It cites in alphabetical order the first lines of over 1,500 hymns. Under each is given a brief biographical sketch of the author, circumstances attending its composition, and incidents in connection with its use. American as well as English hymnology has been drawn upon. By REV. SAMUEL W. DUFFIELD. 8vo, 675 pp., Cloth. Price, $3.00.

"This is by far the most complete, accurate, and thorongh work of its kind on either side of the Atlantic."Theodore L. Cuyler, D.D.

Latin Hymn Writers and
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"It is a book which fills a gap hitherto yawning, and lays claim to literary graces that were absent from all previous volumes upon hymnology."-The Independent, New York.

Library of Sacred Poetry and Song

A delightful collection of the best poems of all ages and all lands. Edited by Philip Schaff, D.D., and Arthur Gilman, M.A. Nearly 2,000 poems, representing 716 anthors, cloth with gold borders. Royal 8vo, 1,049 pages, full indexes, $6. "Examination shows it to be singularly complete in its fulfilment of its comprehensive purpose."-The Evening Post, New York.

Sermons in Songs

Valuable sermons on the Psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, including "The Maguificat' of Mary," "The Benedictus' of Zacharias," "The Gloria in Excelsis," "The Nunc Dimittis, of Simeon," "The Singers in Prison," etc. By CHARLES S. ROBINSON, D.D. 12mo, Cloth, $1.25. "His sermons are always scriptural, terse, compact, brief, and full of pertinent illustration."-Church Guardian, Montreal.

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WILKINSON'S FOREIGN CLASSICS IN ENGLISH

THI

By WILLIAM CLEAVER WILKINSON

HIS series of books (six volumes) has for its purpose to conduct readers, by means of the English tongue alone, through substantially the same course of reading in the different literatures treated, as is accomplished by students who are graduated from our American colleges. The four languages represented are Greek, Latin, French, and German. There is no undertaking to make readers conversant with these languages; the undertaking is simply to make them conversant with the literatures written in these languages. It will be found that the present series of books goes a little farther in the case of each literature, than the average college graduate will have gone, in the prescribed course of his study of the several languages.

Two volumes are devoted to Greek literature, and two to Latin; one volume for each is made to serve in the case of French and German literature. The first volume, for Greek and for Latin, deals with the literature that occupies the student in preparing for college; the second volume, with the literature studied in the college course. Hence the sub-titles, "Preparatory" and "College." "A genuine contribution to the spread of the classical spirit."-Professor E. P. Morris, Head of the Department of Latin in Williams College.

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BEFORE AN AUDIENCE

This is not a book on elocution, but treats, in a new and original way, public speaking. The author devotes particular attention to the use of the will in public speaking, and emphasizes creative rather than imitative speaking. By NATHAN SHEPPARD. 12mo, Cloth, 152 pages. Price, 75 cents.

The Literary World, Boston: "We advise every public speaker to read at least the opening chapter of this book; the rest will follow."

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THE ESSENTIALS

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Novel ways by which to perfect every gesture and articulation to that high degree of art where the art itself is concealed and the hearer is made oblivious of everything but the sentiments uttered by the speaker. These talks are radical departures from old-time methods. By ALFRED AYRES, author of "The Orthoepist,"

The Verbalist," etc., etc. 12mo, Cloth, Deckle Edges, with Frontispiece. Price, 75

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THE DRILL BOOK IN
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A comprehensive study of the fundamental
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By EDWARD P. THWING, M.D., PH.D. 16mo,
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ELOCUTIONIST

Principles and exercises, followed by a copious selection of extracts in prose and poetry, classified and adapted for reading and recitations. By Prof. CHAS. BELL and ALEXANDER M. BELL, F.E.L.S. 12mo, Cloth, 568 pages. Price, $1.50.

Prof. T. C. Trueblood, Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.: "Of the book by Bell, I have nothing but praise. It is standard, and contains many valuable hints and exercises for the young student who desires to perfect his style of delivery preparatory to the higher art of oratory." FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Pubr's

30 Lafayette Place, New York

The Springs

of Character

By A. T. SCHOFIELD, M.D., M.R.C.S.E.
Author of The Unconscious Mind."

The

A study of the sources and qualities of character, the object being to show the transcendent importance of character, its scientific foundations, and the soundest principles for development and improvement. reader is taken into the most fascinating realms of psychology, education, ethics, and mental physiology. It is a personal message of tremendous importance to every man, woman, and child. All that concerns the training of the young and the perfecting of our own lives in every-day professional or business life is treated by a master hand.

Cloth, 8vo, 259 pages, Topical Index and list of books on the subject. Price, $1.30 net. Add postage, 11 cents.

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48 VOLUMES.

LIST OF BOOKS AND AUTHORS.

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In making an inventory at the close of our recent Introductory Distribution, we find in stock a few sets of Criterion Library (in cloth only) of which the bindings are slightly rubbed-not enough to impair their real value, but sufficient to prevent their shipment as perfect stock at our regular price of $36 a set. There being only a limited number of these sets, we shall not go to the trouble of rebinding them, but have decided to let them go on easy payments of $1 down and $1.25 per month until paid for-less than half regular price. BY PROMPT ACTION NOW, therefore, a number of ambitious and deserving readers who desire 48 charming and instructive volumes, containing 17,000 pages of the best writings of the world, may now secure these special sets at about cost of making. WHILE THEY LAST They are yours for a lifetime this easy way:

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Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish & Dampier 1 vol.
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Serious attention has been given to the selection of this library; it embraces history, biography, adventure, fiction, poetry, and travel. Each volume is an authority upon the field it covers, and is written in an entertaining style. With this library in your house no one need pass a dull evening, for all can find something here to interest and instruct them.

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HOW TO BE POSTED ON YACHTS AND YACHTING

"In a Cup year, when so many persons who are not yachtsmen themselves, or even amateur sailors, become interested in the competitions of the huge single-stickers, built for the contest for the championship of the seas, the newspapers are hard put to it for methods of presenting the results to the general reader. . . As yachting is a sport in which technicalities abound, it is best for the reader interested in it to try and learn some of the more general terms and thus become able to follow the story of a race with ease and comfort."-W. J. Henderson in The New York Times.

A Typical Schooner Yacht Under
Racing Rig-all Sails Named.
(From the Standard Dictionary)

If you want to understand the remarkable events in yachting during the present season, including the cup races, you can find the most convenient, precise, and up-to-date descriptions of yachts and yachting terms in the new

Funk & Wagnalls Subscription Edition

STANDARD DICTIONARY

Embracing a Complete Dictionary of Yachting and Nautical Terms The Standard Dictionary devotes an entire page to diagrams of sails and sailing rigs. Twenty-five different forms of sails are shown and named. Twenty-six different sailing rigs are illustrated. A large detail drawing of a full-rigged merchantman is given with one hundred and fifty parts numbered and described. Besides this full-page, cuts and satisfying definitions of every form of sailing vessel and nautical equipment are provided throughout the vocabulary. The pictures and diagrams in this advertisement are taken from the Standard Dictionary and show how admirably yachts are illustrated.

An American Sloop Yacht

Under Racing Rig

(From the Standard

Dictionary)

ACHTING AND NAUTICAL WORDS and terms, like those of every other department

Yof this great dictionary, were edited by specialists of high standing. All yachting terms

were under the direct editorial supervision of W. P. Stephens, Yachting Editor of Forest and Stream. All Naval and Nautical terms were under the direct editorial supervision of Rear-Admiral Stephen B. Luce, U. S. N., President U. S. Naval Institute.

THE SEABOARD, New York "The Standard Dictionary is so comprehensive in its scope, so accurate, concise, and scholarly in every detail, so vast in its vocabulary, and so rich in its illustrations, that it may be unquestionably set down as the leading dictionary of our time, and a work that will remain the standard for an indefinite number of years to come."

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Questions Whose Answers Will Help Post You in Yachting Lore

PARTS OF THE YACHT

The meaning of certain parts of every yacht must be understood before one can have a clear idea of a race. Do you know what is the BOW BEAM BOWSPRIT GAFF SHROUDS STEP STERN MAST FREEBOARD BLOCKS SHEETS STAYS KEEL HELM RUNNERS BOOM SPREADER PORT MARTINGALE HALYARDS RUDDER STARBOARD?

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AN UNFAILING AUTHORITY ON NAUTICAL INFORMATION

Plates of Nautical Signal Flags--Colored plates of all the international code sigual flags for ships; international system of long-distance signals; pilot flags; flags of U. S. Weather Service etc

Details of Vessels & Equipment-Parts of ves-
sels are defined and illustrated in detail, including
nautical equipment such as anchors, barometers,
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The Literary Digest

VOL. XXIII., No. 7

NEW YORK, AUGUST 17, 1901.

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PRICE.-Per year, in advance, $3.00; four months, on trial, $1.00; single copies, 10 cents.

RECEIPT and credit of payment is shown in about two weeks by the date on the address label attached to each paper. POST-OFFICE address.-Instructions concerning renewal, discontinuance, or change of address should be sent two weeks prior to the date they are to go into effect. The exact post-office address to which we are directing paper at time of writing must always be given. DISCONTINUANCES.-We find that a large majority of our subscribers prefer not to have their subscriptions interrupted and their files broken in case they fail to remit before expiration. It is therefore assumed, unless notification to discontinue is received, that the subscriber wishes no interruption in his series. Notification to discontinue at expiration can be sent in at any time during the year. PRESENTATION COPIES.-Many persons subscribe for friends, intending that the paper shall stop at the end of the year. If instructions are given to this effect, they will receive attention at the proper time.

TOPICS OF THE DAY.

THE STEEL TRUST AND THE LABOR UNION.

THE

HE proposed "fight to a finish" between the steel trust and the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers, to end only in the unionization of all the trust's mills or the destruction of the labor union, does not appear to bring very many of the daily papers to sympathize strongly with either side. As the Washington Star puts it, "there is nothing in the position of either side to elicit the sympathy of the general public," for "the fight of the Association is to make itself a monopolistic labor combine, just as the steel trust seeks monopoly in its particular line of employing capital." And the Richmond Times predicts that each side will gain something and lose something in the final adjustment. It says:

"The principle of freedom is strongly ingrained in the American nature, and no matter by what route the end may be obtained, we feel convinced that the final outcome of the dispute between capital and labor will be settled on the basis that the laborer shall be free to work in a factory whether he belong to the union or not, and that the employer on his part shall not discriminate for or against the laborer because he does or does not belong to a union. . . . There should be no objection to a man joining any union he chooses. But on the other hand, a man who has his time to sell in the open markets should be allowed to do so at such times and on such terms as to him seems good."

To judge from the tone of the newspaper comment, public sympathy would have been more strongly with the strikers if President Shaffer had limited his demand to the proposition that men in the non-union mills be permitted to join the union if they wished to, without losing their places, as such a demand would have placed the trust in the position of coercing the men of the non-union mills to stay out of the union. It is also suggested that President Shaffer would have done better to wait until there was some grievance about hours or wages, for the non-union men would be likely to join the union in such a strike. thus reaching the very result now aimed at (as actually happened in the an

WHOLE NUMBER, 591

thracite strike), and public sentiment, which is a potent factor in labor wars, would sympathize with the movement for lightening the workingman's lot; and these two factors would greatly increase the chances of victory. The Detroit Journal argues that the fundamental idea of the present strike, to coerce the unionization of mills, is a mistake. It says:

"The way for labor to organize is by quiet, persistent agitation and argument. The men must be made to see the advantages of unionism by the word spoken in lodge meeting, the printed pamphlet, and the lessons of experience. They must be willing proselytes. The method of organization by strike is bound to include many workmen convinced against their will and consequently of the same opinion still.

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‘A strike which bases itself largely in a melodramatic vainglory to fight a big thing with something as big is not to be commended. The union must grow naturally and fight fairly before it can command public confidence."

A number of journals express sympathy with the strikers. The Springfield Republican, for example, says: "As long as industry is organized as it is, labor unionism will assuredly exist. It is a fact which can not be escaped and which must be reckoned with. Accordingly in undertaking, at immense cost to itself and to the public peace and prosperity, to drive unionism out of its mills, the steel trust seems to be acting most unwisely. Its temporary success in the matter is assured if it is ready to place no limit on the financial sacrifice involved, but the ultimate end will be the rise of new organizations of workers on the ruins of the old." And the Kansas City Times remarks similarly: "Pierpont Morgan, the colossal product of organization, challenges the American workingman's right to organize in defense of his rights, and upon that issue they enter the lists. Organization denying the right to organize-combined capital demanding the surrender of combined labor-these are the real questions at issue between the steel trust and the Amalgamated Association." The Chicago Inter Ocean fears that, whichever side wins, a staggering blow has been given our steel industry, and it remarks that "the strike is in effect a surrender of American capitalists and workmen to Europe." And the Boston Advertiser believes that the losses of the strike will fall more heavily upon the workingmen than on their employers. It observes:

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'What the strikers lose while the mills are shut down is gone from them forever. Whether they win or lose their fight, their lost wages will never come back to them. But it is not so with the trust. Just so much iron and steel product will be demanded by the consuming public, strike or no strike. The stock on hand will be sold for a higher price. The difference in price will nearly or quite make up for the loss of profits while the mills are closed. When they reopen, production will be pushed a little faster, until the demand is supplied, and another surplus is accumulated. Consumers will have lost something. Workingmen who have been idle will have lost much. The steel trust will have lost nothing."

Not a few papers declare that the suspension of a large part of the steel industry is a matter that concerns the whole country, and that the Government ought to have the power to enforce arbitration or some other method of settling the dispute. The Cleveland Leader says on this point:

"What right has a capital trust or a labor trust, acting singly or together, to tie up the industries of the United States as the

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