and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate; the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for president shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of eletcors appointed; and if no person have such majortiy, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majortiy of all the states shall be necesasry to a choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president. The person having the greatest number of votes as vice president shall be the vice president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice president; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible to that of vice president of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privilege or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for president and vice president of the United States, representatives in congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Sec. 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in congress, or elector of president or vice president, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection, or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services, in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Sec. 5. The congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE V. Section 1 The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any sate, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Sec. 2. The congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. NOTE. The constitution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the unanimous consent of the states present in the convention appointed in pursuance of the resolution of the congress of the confederation, of February 21, 1787, and was ratified by the conventions of the several states, as follows, viz.: By convention of Delaware December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18th, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9. 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire June 21, 1788; Virginia, June 26, 1788; New York, July 26 1788; North Carolina, November 21, 1789; Rhode Island, May 29, 1790. The first ten of the amendments were proposed at the first session of the first congress of the United States, Sepember 25, 1789, and were finally ratified by the constitutional number of states, December 15, 1791. The eleventh amendment was proposed at the first session of the third congress, March 5, 1794, and was declared in a message from the president of the United States to both houses of congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the constitutional number of states. The tweltfth amendment was proposed at the first session of the eighth congress, December 12. 1803, and was adopted by the constitutional number of states in 1804, according to a public noticethereof by the secretary of state, dated Sept. 25, 1804. The thirteenth amendment was proposed at the second session of the thirty-eighth congress, February 1, 1865, and was adopted by the constitutional number of states in 1835, according to a public notice thereof by the secretary of state, dated December 18, 186. The fourteenth amendment took effect July 28, 1868. The fifteenth amendment took effect March 30, 1870. HISTORICAL. Dakota is an Indian name and signifies "confederated" or "leagued together," and applied originally to the Sioux confederation of Indians. The present state of North Dakota, together with that of South Dakota, was a part of the territory purchased in 1803 of France by President Thomas Jefferson for the sum of fifteen million dollars and the assumption of certain claims held by citizens of the United States against France, which made the purchase amount to twenty-seven million two hundred and sixty-seven thousand and six hundred and twenty-one dollars and ninetyeight cents ($27,267,621.98), and was known as the Louisiana purchase. October 1, 1803, that part of the new purchase lying south of Arkansas was formed into the "Territory of Orleans;' the remaining portion, which includes the states of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, part of Colorado, North and South Dakota, the Indian Territory and a part of Wyoming was formed into the district of Louisiana, and the governing power was vested in a governor and judge of what was then known as the Indian Territory. President Jefferson having great confidence in the future greatness of the west, scnt in 1804, an exploring expedition in charge of Captains Lewis and Clark, who were the first to traverse the entire length of the Missouri river, ard in 1804-5-6 gave to the world the first general account of Dakota. Lewis and Clark camped the first winter in latitude 47 degrees, 21 minutes, 23 seconds-among the Mandan Indians, at Fort Mandan, which was some twelve or fifteen miles above Washburn in McLean county. The first mention of the country west of the great lakes was made by Nicollet, sent out by the French authorities at Quebec in 1639. Nicollet called the inhabitants Nadsuessioux, which was abbreviated into Sioux by the later French explorers. The Sioux were warlike and the enemy of all other tribes, hence the name of Sioux, or enemy. July 1, 1805, congress designated the District of Louisiana as the territory of the same name, and placed the legislative power in the hands of a governor and three judges named by the president and confirmed by the senate of the United States. December 7, 1812, the name of the territory was changed to "Territory of Missouri," and limited power was granted the people residing therein to elect a legislative body. June 28, 1834, congress created the territory of Michigan, which included that part of Dakota, North and South, lying east of the Missouri and White |