for 1,500, 50 for 600, and 150 for 1,800. The cause is said to have been partly the "warm winter, which failed to kill the hurtful insects, but mainly the result of heavy rains," which, beginning early in June, continued six weeks. To this succeeded the grubworm. The consequence has been great suffering, and made a large section dependant on exportation. In Virginia the corn crop was better than usual, but suffered much by the heavy rains, by which in some sections it was nearly destroyed, and in others it was kept back by the dry weather. But where these causes did not exist to injure it, the yield was above an average one, and has been rated by some as high as thirty per cent. increase; as a whole, however, this would probably be much too large.

In North Carolina, likewise, the crop was much lessened by the great quantity of rain. Indeed, on some parts of the seaboard it was almost entirely destroyed. Nearly one third of the State was visited by successive inundations, which inflicted vast loss on the inhabitants. From exporters they must now become buyers. The city of Charleston, it is said, has usually received not less than 1,000,000 of bushels from this whole region. This has been a serious calamity, and occasioned great distress.

In South Carolina, the crop appears to have been better than in the previous year. The same was the case in Georgia, where it is thought to have exceeded the crop of 1841, which was a remarkable one by from 10 to 20 per cent. In Alabama and Mississippi, it was large and abundant. In Louisiana 25 per cent. better.

In Tennessee and Kentucky, which are the two greatest corn growing States, the crop appears to have been a good one over all these States. It is variously described in different sections, as "a fair crop," "about as in 1841,"" very good," "fine," "excellent," " 12 or 25 per cent. better than last year.'

Ohio ranks next in the amount produced, and the accounts are more at variance as to the increase or decrease. On the whole, it would appear that in the northern section of the State, though there was much more planted, yet, owing to the extreme cool and wet season, the crop was not as productive as in the previous years. Perhaps it was not more there than one half or one third of the usual one. In the more southern parts of the State, however, it is described as having been "as good," "better" than in the year 1841. The early part of the season here, also, was too wet and cold to afford much promise; but the weather in the season of earing and filling out proving congenial, the crop was much beyond a medium one. It was also good in Indiana and Illinois, both of which are large producers of corn. In Missouri and Arkansas, the increase is variously estimated at from 25 per cent. up even to 50 per cent. In Michigan, owing to the low price of pork, and that some of the other products commanded a better price, comparatively, less was planted than usual; still the crop was a fine one. This crop was also as good, or even better, than usual, it is believed, in Wisconsin and Iowa.

The whole crop of corn in the United States for the past year, is estimated at 441,829,246 bushels.

If the manufacture of sugar from the cornstalk succeeds, as it promises to do, it is probable a larger quantity of corn will be planted in future. Some remarks on that manufacture may be found under the subject of sugar, below.

Potatoes. It will be recollected, that in several sections during the year

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1841, this crop suffered very greatly, and came near a failure. This year's product is much larger than the former, taken as a whole, though in some parts there has been a decrease from the average. Still even in these cases, it is not so remarkable as in the previous year.

Maine is a large producer of this crop, and perhaps more were planted last year than was the case in the year before; but the yield, on the whole, was not greater, though the quality is said to be much superior. In New Hampshire, it is variously estimated at from 10 even up to 50 per cent. increase, in different parts of the State. Vermont ranks very high in proportion to her population as a potato-growing State, and the crop was probably equal, if not superior, to that of the former year. In the other New England States it is described as having been from "10 to 20 per cent. better," or "as good as an average one.

New York stands, however, foremost of all the States in its production of potatoes. The eastern and southern sections seem to have yielded an increased product, and even an abundant one; in the northern it was an ordinary one; in the valley of the Mohawk about the same as usual; in the western it was affected by the unpropitious weather, and fell off, it is thought by some, not less than 50 per cent.

In New Jersey the production was by some considered a fair one, by others to have been 20 per cent. better than in 1841. In Pennsylvania, with slight exceptions, it is described as being "better," "very large," " 30 per cent. advance." In the southern central region it is said to have been not so good by 30 per cent." In Maryland, in the upper part, large quantities were raised, and the yield was a good one. In Virginia, with the exception of sweet potatoes, there are but few raised east of the mountains. In the northeast part of the State it has been estimated as high as 30 or 33 per cent. increase. On the Ohio river, in the western section, the crop was hardly an average one. In North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, where also the sweet potato is raised, the crop was an "increased one,' and in some sections, even "abundant." The same remark applies to Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. In Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio, likewise, it is said to have been "a fair one," "good," "very good," "many more than the year before," " 10, 15, 25, or even 33 per cent. better than in 1841." The potato crop was also much better than usual in Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. In Florida this product, as well as most others, owing to the season, was 25 per cent. better, though on account of the war, the quantity of land tilled has been small. In Wisconsin and Iowa, like as in the case of most of the other crops, a very considerable addition must be made to that of the previous year. The whole number of potatoes raised in the United States during the past year, is estimated at 136,883,386 bushels.

Hay. Taking the States where this product is principally gathered, it must be pronounced to have been considerably above the average one. In several States, especially at the south and west, very little attention is paid to this crop. In New York, which ranks the highest, the quantity of hay gathered was in advance of the preceding year. In the New England States, with perhaps the exception of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts also, there was a larger growth. The drought affected it somewhat, and caused it to fall short perhaps ten or twenty per cent. The quality of the crop, also, was injured, even where the quantity was not lessened, as it was less sweet and nutritious. The same remark may likewise be made as to the growth in New Jersey, where the crop was increased. In Pennsylvania

for 1,500, 50 for 600, and 150 for 1,800. The cause is said to have been partly the "warm winter, which failed to kill the hurtful insects, but mainly the result of heavy rains," which, beginning early in June, continued six weeks. To this succeeded the grubworm. The consequence has been great suffering, and made a large section dependant on exportation. In Virginia the corn crop was better than usual, but suffered much by the heavy rains, by which in some sections it was nearly destroyed, and in others it was kept back by the dry weather. But where these causes did not exist to injure it, the yield was above an average one, and has been rated by some as high as thirty per cent. increase; as a whole, however, this would probably be much too large.

In North Carolina, likewise, the crop was much lessened by the great quantity of rain. Indeed, on some parts of the seaboard it was almost entirely destroyed. Nearly one third of the State was visited by successive inundations, which inflicted vast loss on the inhabitants. From exporters they must now become buyers. The city of Charleston, it is said, has usually received not less than 1,000,000 of bushels from this whole region. This has been a serious calamity, and occasioned great distress.

In South Carolina, the crop appears to have been better than in the previous year. The same was the case in Georgia, where it is thought to have exceeded the crop of 1841, which was a remarkable one by from 10 to 20 per cent. In Alabama and Mississippi, it was large and abundant. In Louisiana 25 per cent. better.

In Tennessee and Kentucky, which are the two greatest corn growing States, the crop appears to have been a good one over all these States. It is variously described in different sections, as "a fair crop,' ""about as in 1841,"" very good," "fine," "excellent," "124 or 25 per cent. better than last year.

Ohio ranks next in the amount produced, and the accounts are more at variance as to the increase or decrease. On the whole, it would appear that in the northern section of the State, though there was much more planted, yet, owing to the extreme cool and wet season, the crop was not as productive as in the previous years. Perhaps it was not more there than one half or one third of the usual one. In the more southern parts of the State, however, it is described as having been "as good," "better" than in the year 1841. The early part of the season here, also, was too wet and cold to afford much promise; but the weather in the season of earing and filling out proving congenial, the crop was much beyond a medium one. It was also good in Indiana and Illinois, both of which are large producers of corn. In Missouri and Arkansas, the increase is variously estimated at from 25 per cent. up even to 50 per cent. In Michigan, owing to the low price of pork, and that some of the other products commanded a better price, comparatively, less was planted than usual; still the crop was a fine one. This crop was also as good, or even better, than usual, it is believed, in Wisconsin and Iowa.

The whole crop of corn in the United States for the past year, is estimated at 441,829,246 bushels.

If the manufacture of sugar from the cornstalk succeeds, as it promises to do, it is probable a larger quantity of corn will be planted in future. Some remarks on that manufacture may be found under the subject of sugar, below.

Potatoes. It will be recollected, that in several sections during the year

1841, this crop suffered very greatly, and came near a failure. This year's product is much larger than the former, taken as a whole, though in some parts there has been a decrease from the average. Still even in these cases, it is not so remarkable as in the previous year.

Maine is a large producer of this crop, and perhaps more were planted last year than was the case in the year before; but the yield, on the whole, was not greater, though the quality is said to be much superior. In New Hampshire, it is variously estimated at from 10 even up to 50 per cent. increase, in different parts of the State. Vermont ranks very high in proportion to her population as a potato-growing State, and the crop was probably equal, if not superior, to that of the former year. In the other New England States it is described as having been from "10 to 20 per cent. better," or "as good as an average one."

New York stands, however, foremost of all the States in its production of potatoes. The eastern and southern sections seem to have yielded an increased product, and even an abundant one; in the northern it was an ordinary one; in the valley of the Mohawk about the same as usual; in the western it was affected by the unpropitious weather, and fell off, it is thought by some, not less than 50 per cent.

In New Jersey the production was by some considered a fair one, by others to have been 20 per cent. better than in 1841. In Pennsylvania, with slight exceptions, it is described as being "better," "very large," "30 per cent. advance." In the southern central region it is said to have been "not so good by 30 per cent." In Maryland, in the upper part, large quantities were raised, and the yield was a good one. In Virginia, with the exception of sweet potatoes, there are but few raised east of the mountains. In the northeast part of the State it has been estimated as high as 30 or 33 per cent. increase. On the Ohio river, in the western section, the crop was hardly an average one. In North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, where also the sweet potato is raised, the crop was an "increased one,' and in some sections, even "abundant." The same remark applies to Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. In Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio, likewise, it is said to have been "a fair one," "good," "very good," "many more than the year before," " 10, 15, 25, or even 33 per cent. better than in 1841." The potato crop was also much better than usual in Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. In Florida this product, as well as most others, owing to the season, was 25 per cent. better, though on account of the war, the quantity of land tilled has been small. In Wisconsin and Iowa, like as in the case of most of the other crops, a very considerable addition must be made to that of the previous year. The whole number of potatoes raised in the United States during the past year, is estimated at 136,883,386 bushels.

Hay. Taking the States where this product is principally gathered, it must be pronounced to have been considerably above the average one. In several States, especially at the south and west, very little attention is paid. to this crop. In New York, which ranks the highest, the quantity of hay gathered was in advance of the preceding year. In the New England States, with perhaps the exception of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts also, there was a larger growth. The drought affected it somewhat, and caused it to fall short perhaps ten or twenty per cent. The quality of the crop, also, was injured, even where the quantity was not lessened, as it was less sweet and nutritious. The same remark may likewise be made as to the growth in New Jersey, where the crop was increased. In Pennsylvania

which ranks second in the amount raised, the yield in some parts was abundant, and has been estimated as high as thirty or even seventy-five per cent, better than in 1841: this probably is too large; but from fifteen w twenty, or twenty-five per cent., may be nearer the truth. In the Susque hannah region, however, it is said to have fallen off as greatly. In Mary land, on the whole it might be termed a fair yield. That of Virginia, as a whole, was an average one, though in some parts of the State it was above the usual growth. The early rains aided it in certain sections, as they did likewise in North Carolina. In Kentucky, in certain sections, as on the Cumberland river and in the southern central ones, owing to the drought the hay crop suffered. In other parts, as also in Tennessee, this cause did not exist, and it is pronounced to have been "excellent," "from twenty-five to fifty per cent. better." Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Missouri, though devoting comparatively little attention to its production, yet seem to be making some advance in the same; and, accordingly, there has been some increase the past year, though doubtless not a very material one. Some damage was experienced from the invasion of the army worm, but not enough to lessen the crop to any great amount. Though reliance is still placed on the prairie hay, yet there is a gradual improvement with respect to the introduction and cultivation of the tame grasses. The low price of grain in New Orleans will no doubt lessen the demand for pressed hay, which has heretofore been a considerable article of export from the States bordering on the Ohio river, and its branches. The whole number of tons of hay raised in the United States, in 1842, is estimated to have been 14,053,355 tons.

Flax and hemp. These products have been put together in the tabular estimate, as they were so in the report of last year, in consequence of being so found in the Census Statistics, on which the statistics of the report of 1841 were based. Less confidence can perhaps be placed on the estimates of so comparatively smali a crop, raised in moderate quantities scattered over a whole State, than with respect to almost any of the other common crops. There has been there only such an attempted alteration of last year's estimate as the general information derived would seem to justify. In two States, however, with respect to hemp, we can speak with more certaintyKentucky and Missouri. It will be recollected that in the two former years, viz. 1840, 1841, the hemp crop was quite deficient, and proved almost a failure. The past year has been much more favorable. The crop of hemp is a large one; and it is variously described as "very fine," "the best ever raised," "twenty-five or fifty per cent. increase on the average one." The attention is still directed, and it would seem with somewhat more success, to the discovery of a process of water-rotting hemp; and it is hoped that the difficulties on this subject may yet be removed. It is stated that, in consequence of the promise last winter of sending out a Government agent to purchase water-rotted hemp for the navy, the farmers of Kentucky and Missouri have water-rotted 700 tons, or more. This, at the price paid by the Government for Russia hemp, is worth $200,000. Many specimens, it is. further stated, have been examined, and that it has been pronounced equal to Russia hemp. Were a suitable reward to be offered to stimulate the ingenious, it can hardly be doubted that, by a variety of experiments, some process of preparing it for the use of the navy as well as the Russia hemp,. might be found out.

An important discovery respecting the application of waste hemp to the purposes of papermaking, has recently been announced; and if, when it is

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