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April 29, 1988

David Beier

Assistant Counsel

House Subcommittee

on Courts, Civil Liberties

and the Administration of Justice 2137 Rayburn House Office Building Washington, DC 20510

Dear David:

Enclosed are materials which define plans, drawings, elevations, etc. Although courts use the term "plans" and both the Senate and House bills now refer to "architectural plans" a plan is only one element of what architects refer to as drawings. For instance, an elevation technically is not a plan.

If it is not too late to include some clarification in your report, I would suggest:

The express mention of architectural plans is illustrative and does not exclude protection for other drawings, elevations, and three dimensional architectural models.

Also, the Scarsdale house case was not in our testimony. It's citation is
Demetriades vs. Kaufmann, No. 88 Civ. 0848 (U.S.D.C. SNY 3/8/88).

Again, thank you for the opportunity to comment.

Cordially,

Cheryl Terio

Director

Government Affairs

/1r

1735 NEW YORK AVENUE NW • WASHINGTON DC 20006 • (202) 626-7300 • CABLE ADDRESS AMINARCH · TELEX 10822 1112

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Usually all of the working drawings are drawn to the same scale (}" = 1' or "= 1'), with the exception of details, which are drawn to a larger scale, and the plot plan, which is drawn to an engineer's scale.

Before starting finished drawings, most draftsmen prefer to prepare mock-ups of each sheet. This organizes the set of working drawings so that related information fits on the same or adjacent sheets, and ensures that no drawing will have to be redrawn due to its poor placement on a sheet.

Mock-ups are merely sketched forms (usually rectangles) in proportion to the finished drawings. They should allow room for all expected dimensions and notes. Mock-ups are also called layouts, dummies, or cartoons.

FLOOR PLANS

Of all the different kinds of working drawings, the floor plan is the most important since it includes the greatest amount of information. The floor plan is the first drawing started by the designer, but it may be the last finished because the designer will transfer attention to the sections, elevations, and details required to complete the floor plan design.

A floor plan is actually a sectional drawing obtained by passing an imaginary cutting plane through the walls about 4' above the floor (midway between floor and ceiling). The cutting plane may be offset to a higher or lower level so that it cuts through all desired features (such as a high strip window). In the case of a split-level house, the cutting plane must be considerably offset.

If the finished sketch has been carefully made, the floor plan can be drawn without much trouble. Notice in the accompanying floor plan of the A residence (Figure 1), the similarity with the finished sketch of Figure 10 in Chapter 20. Of course, if the designer feels a sketch can be improved upon, it is done.

The steps used in drawing a floor plan are illustrated in Figure 2. A portion of the first-floor plan of the A residence is used as an example.

FIRST-FLOOR PLAN

Step 1: Wall layout. Lay out the exterior and interior walls very lightly on tracing vellum using a hard, sharp pencil. A scale of "= 1′ should be used for a residence, " = 1' for a larger structure. Always indicate the scale in the title block or on

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Interior elevations are included in a set of working drawings only when there is some special interior construction to be illustrated. This is quite often the case in kitchen design. Figure 2 shows the interior elevations of the kitchen of the A residence. Notice that the arrangement of the elevations is in relation to the floor plan-as though the four walls had fallen backward. To prevent this awkward appearance, the interior elevations may be removed to an upright position and even placed on a separate drawing sheet. The relation of each elevation to the plan is then shown by sight arrows as indicated in Figure 3. A sight arrow shows the drawing number on which the detail appears. Sight arrows, 4, etc., are interpreted as detail #1 on drawing #7, detail #2 on drawing #7, and so on.

ELEVATION DESIGN

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ELEVATIONS

The exterior elevations are as necessary to the satisfactory appearance of a building as the floor plan is to its satisfactory functioning. Normally the elevations of the four sides of a building are sufficient to describe it. In some cases, however, more than

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Structural section. A structural section shows the entire building construction, as shown in Figure 40. A " 1' scale is often used. Figure 38 shows a structural section for the A residence. This would be useful in planning for structural strength and rigidity, determining the length of members, and specifying sizes.

Wall section. A wall section shows the construction of a typical wall to a larger scale than the structural section (11" = 1' is often used). Figure 39 shows a wall section for the A residence. Notice that floor-to-ceiling heights are shown, together with sizes and material specifications for all rough and finished members.

Detail section. Any deviations from the typical wall sections may be shown in detail sections. Also any special or unusual construction must be detailed, as shown in Figure 41. These sections may be drawn to a large scale (up to full size).

STUDY QUESTIONS

1. How many exterior elevations are needed to describe a building having

a. A rectangular floor plan

b. An L-shaped floor plan

12"

4"

MOSAIC TILE

WAW

#3 RODS 6" OC BOTH WAYS

Figure 41

BAND FILL

WELDED VIRE AES

Atrium pool detail for the A residence.

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