financial stimulation. Someone was suggesting just now the different kinds of exchange. In our secondary schools it was found that for a teacher to spend a year, say in Chicago, even though her salary was paid, would mean that she would have to sacrifice a year's salary to pay her way, setting aside the question of living. I think that until women's salaries are raised very considerably in England it would be impossible. I hope that there may be eventually a central fund available for that purpose.

DR. SHIPLEY: We might ask ourselves, How many of the Rhodes scholars would have come to study in England if there had been no Rhodes Scholarships? I don't think that we could possibly expect men to come over without some substantial help. I am very hopeful, however, of someone providing money. I think there will also be established this central office. I believe the students ought at least to be allowed passage money. I think we should try to raise funds, and I would like to be able to go around and see some of my wealthy and big business friends and see if anything can be done.

VICE-PRESIDENT ANGELL: I would like to know what Dr. Shorey's opinion is. He is our great "exchanger."

PROFESSOR SHOREY: My impression is that while there is a generally cordial attitude with regard to exchange of professors between English and American universities, there is no great interest in the class. I myself can see that the exchange professorship belongs to that group of things illustrated by the epigram, I am not fishing for fish; I am fishing for fun. The by-product of fish in this instance is the by-product of friendly intercourse.

The Anglo-Saxon or English-speaking races have this fundamental trait in common, that they are good sportsmen and can play the game without this painful obsession of gain. That was, I fear, the chief cause of the partial failure of the German-American exchange. Our German friends-although perhaps that is an unfair thing to say-the authorities in Berlin, were constantly fishing for fish. In their psychological naïvete they assumed that we belonged to the widespread family of the Kaiser's. Now there would not be that difficulty in an AngloAmerican exchange. I don't attach any great difficulties to minor details as the result of my experience. The main practical point that I would suggest is that we should always bear in mind two distinct kinds of service and action on the part of exchange professors. If he was a clever after-dinner speaker and a popular lecturer and a good mixer, as we call them, such a man might become a sort of ambassador

to literary and cultured circles. If he was only an eminent or competent specialist in his own particular domain, he would probably serve best by slipping into his unobtrusive niche and teaching a regular course in the ordinary work of the university to which he was assigned.

I think it would be well to keep in mind those two kinds of service and to anticipate in advance the kind of service an individual would be expected to render, and not make anyone uncomfortable because he could not render both services.

I don't know what American science and scholarship could offer to England. One would have to leave that to the courtesy and definition of our English friends. But back in 1911 I could point out the detriments to American scholars from contact with Germany. There is the detachment from your own environment and also the contact with the culture of a foreign country, and there is the loss by contact during a number of years with a foreign and more or less unfamiliar language like German; that would be absent in the case of England.

Our great trouble has been the divorce of our scholarship from our culture. Greater association with the British universities would help to unite those things. But after all, as has been suggested by the first speaker, the main object of an exchange professorship is that which transcends all other considerations-the sacred cause of Anglo-Saxon unity and friendship, on which I am sure you all are agreed depends the leadership of peace and good-will among mankind.

SIR HENRY JONES: I thank you for that thought. By means of our universities we want to bring the minds and the purposes of our two peoples together. I think if we keep that before our minds with the same earnestness that we keep in mind the things that pertain to our own industrial and mercantile success-making money, to be plain— we shall find that the obstacles in the way of interchange can easily be remedied.

The friendships of a young man's student days are priceless. Old men who have been students, meeting in old age, shake hands with a warmth that is quite unusual. The road is open, speaking generally, to all the universities in Great Britain for your students, whether they want to take a degree or not. You have only to look at our calendars to find that that is the case, and no doubt your own universities are just as open to our students. We must find out about one another. Then again, we question whether money will be necessary or not. Do you know anything that will go without money? Of course it is self-evident that help is necessary to students on both sides, and it is

also evident that if we university men and women are equally resolute in doing all we can to bind the two races together, we shall go about it to see that money is obtained.

It seems to me that the greatest thing in the world is the influence exercised by the universities. If I could form the soul of the universities I think it would not take long to form the soul of the nation. We need an instructed citizenship. No matter whether it is better libraries or how to find some new book, the important thing is the spirit of loyalty to great ideals. We have left to the care of accident the fostering of the spirit of citizenship to bind the two peoples together. What a help to our university men it has been to have known the greatness of the citizenship of England, how generation after generation has given its wealth of endeavor for the nation, and what we owe to the past. And our dead in this war, in which you have been fighting our battle of liberty as well as your own, will bind us more closely together.

I didn't want to speak this afternoon because I knew I would speak too long. I know that we shall study nothing with greater interest than the great social forces which will join our two peoples together, and I do believe that if these two splendid peoples stand together we shall not hear much more of the miseries that are burdening thousands of homes today. And if we will keep the purposes of this Mission in our view at all times, we shall have the money needed to carry them out, and the difficulties will be overcome.

VICE-PRESIDENT ANGELL: We have several other topics on our program for the afternoon but it has come now to five o'clock, and I am sure we shall continue them to better advantage if we go below and have a cup of tea.

The party thereupon passed to the floor below, where tea was served by the women of the Faculties. At half-past seven a dinner in honor of the Mission was held in the refectory, Ida Noyes Hall. At the speaker's table were the members of the Mission, the speakers on behalf the University of Chicago, and Mrs. Harry Pratt Judson, Mrs. James Rowland Angell, Mrs. Edith Foster Flint, Miss Elizabeth Wallace, Miss Marion Talbot, and Mr. La Verne Noyes. After the addresses, those present sang "God Save the King" and "The Star-Spangled Banner." The speeches are given herewith.

VICE-PRESIDENT ANGELL: I am sure that I reflect the feeling of everyone connected with the University in greeting most heartily tonight our guests from Great Britain, and in saying that it is an unusual pleasure

and a very great honor to be able to welcome them to our home here at the University of Chicago. I say our home, not only because it is in fact our home, but because they come in a distinctly homelike spirit, and we hope that while they are with us they will feel that they are at an academic fireside.

Their mission is, I think, wholly unprecedented, in that it is the first official university mission ever sent to us by the British government, and that, although an official mission, it comes with this cordial personal and family spirit.

I know we are all resolved that, whatever else happens, after the peace comes we shall not lose the most perfect fruits of it by failing in any particular to make permanent the good which has already come to us from the war. And among these benefits the greater sympathy, the greater knowledge, the greater appreciation which we Americans have gained for our British and French and Italian brothers and sisters are certainly not the least.

This Mission comes, not solely to deal with the practical questions of how we may more wisely and more fully enjoy one another's academic advantages, but in this larger spirit to open the hearts of our British brothers and sisters to our own and to invite us to enter into the old household anew. I am sure that you will feel this tone when they come themselves to speak, as presently they are to do.

I am going to call first on one of our own number, a representative of the old classical tradition which we borrowed from our British fathers and mothers, the gentleman who is the head of the Department of Greek, representing a language that is not at all so dead as the opponents of classics would have us believe, and one which never will be very dead so long as scholars of this variety pursue it. I present our most exchanged of exchange professors, Dr. Paul Shorey.

PROFESSOR SHOREY: During the nightmare of the last four years the humanities, in every sense of that all-embracing Ciceronian word, have been compelled to give place to efficiency. It is, however, our fervent prayer and faith that the restoration of world-peace will also restore to their due precedence the humanities of the heart, brushed aside perhaps for a little by the rough exigencies of war. These humanities of the heart have never been forgotten in the England of Florence Nightingale and in the France of Vincent De Paul, and, if we dare not say quite as much of the Germany whose god was enthroned amid Zeppelins, as Burns prayed that Auld Nick might even take a thought and mend his ways, so we may be permitted to dream that a new Germany may rise

to a nobler conception of what constitutes true Weltmerk. Humanity cannot live forever on this bitter bread of hate.

But what of the humanities of the mind? I do not mean by that term the conjugation of Greek or Latin verbs, or the doctrine of the iota subscript, or even the broad, comprehensive study of the beautiful civilizations of Greece and Rome that have been my consolation. I mean none of these specialties, except in so far as they are essential constituents of a larger whole-the history of the human spirit, the memory of its own past, that distinguishes and discriminates the human being from the brute; the critical, the sympathetic, the imaginative study of all the products of the human mind from the time that the creature out of Lethe scaled the shining stairs of evolution and achieved a mind that we can at all recognize as distinctly human. It is my hope and faith that these things, which you all understand and which it is idle for me to characterize anew, will have their due place in the vast restorations and reconstructions to which humanity is already looking forward with inexhaustible and inextinguishable hope.

A too-quick despairer might see many reasons to doubt it. There is, first, the stress that restoration after war lays upon immediate, practical utilities. There is the overwhelming absorption of the human mind in the thrilling panorama of the present that makes it indifferent to all the glorious panorama of the past. And then there is the thought, that we hardly dare dwell upon, of our losses. The Critic announced two years ago that it had already lost half of its redactors and more important contributors. The young German boys to whom just five years ago today I was teaching Aristotle in the University of Berlin lie dead or are even yet attempting to kill the young British Aristotelians on the Western Front. Professor M-, instead of publishing in his inaugural address the papers of his most brilliant graduate students, is writing their obituaries. And the classical journals that come to us from different quarters of the world are pathetically thin. Our tradition is steadily interrupted and broken through. It is not so, quite, with the great tradition of those sciences which men prize as the minister and interpreter of nature, as we know it in our modern pride of nature's mastery. They too have had losses of incalculable potentialities, but they have not been crushed by the despairing sense of their own needlessness and futility for the immediate purposes of the day, and they have not felt helpless before the vast wave of popular feeling that proclaims them helpless.

They have been stimulated by the rise of new problems and have been strengthened by the demand upon their faculties of even greater