Uneasily; vexatiously. Atterbury. When a man's servant shall play the cur with him, look you it goes hard. Shakspeare. Distressfully; so as to raise difficulties. The question is hard set, and we have reason to doubt. Browne. A stag that was hard set by the huntsmen, betook himself to a stall for sanctuary. L'Estrange. Fast; nimbly; vehemently. The wolves scampered away as hard as they could drive. L'Estrange. With difficulty; in a manner requiring labor. Solid bodies foreshow rain, as boxes and pegs of wood when they draw and wind hard. Tempestuously; boisterously. Bacon. When the north wind blows hard, and it rains sadly, none but fools sit down in it and cry; wise people defend themselves against it. Taylor. HARDANGERFIORD, an extensive arm of the sea, which runs inland on the west coast of Norway, about ninety-eight miles in a north-east direction. It is between 59° 28'. and 60° 25′ of N. lat. HA'RDBOUND, adj. Hard and bound. Cos tive. Otway. He that hardeneth his heart, and sets God and his judgments at defiance, and receives not the impressions of his word or rod, shall fall into mischief; his presumption will be his ruin; and whatever sin he falls into, it is owing to the hardness of his heart. Henry. Prov. xxviii. 14. Religion sets before us not the example of a stupid Stoick, who had by obstinate principles hardened himself against all sense of pain; but an example of a man like ourselves, that had a tender sense of the least suffering, and yet patiently endured the greatest. Tillotson. Sure he, who first the passage tried, In hardened oak his heart did hide, And ribs of iron armed his side. Dryden. One raises the soul, and hardens it to virtue; the other softens it again, and bends it into vice. Id. It is a melancholy consideration, that there should be several among us so hardened and deluded as to think an oath a proper subject for a jest. Addison. Years have not yet hardened me, and I have an addition of weight on my spirits since we lost him. Swift to Pope. HARDEN, a county of Kentucky, on the Ohio; distant from Washington 662 miles. Population 7581. The chief town is Elizabeth Town. HARDENING, the giving a greater degree of hardness to bodies than they had before. There are several ways of hardening iron and steel, as by hammering them, quenching them in cold water, &c. See CASE-HARDENING and STEEL. HARDERWICK, or HARDERWYCK, a town of the Netherlands, in Dutch Guelderland, on the Zuyder Zee. It was only a village till 1229, when Otho surrounded it with walls. It was afterwards one of the Hanse Towns: in 1503 it was mostly burnt down, but was soon after rebuilt with seven gates. In 1511 it was taken by Charles duke of Guelders; in 1552 by the troops of Charles V.; and in 1572 by the confederates. It has a university founded in 1618, converted in 1808 into an Athenæum or academy with eight professors: and the church of St. Martin is much admired. The trade is in corn, timber, and herrings. It is nineteen miles west of Deventer, twenty-five north-east of Utrecht, and forty east of Amsterdam. HARD'FAVORED, adj.) HARD'HANDED, adj. HARD HEAD, n. s. HARD HEARTED, adj. HARD'HEARTEDNESS, n. s. HARD'IHEAD, N. S. HARD'IHOOD, n. s. HARD'IMENT, n. s. HARD'INESS, n. s. HARD LABORED, adj. HARD MOUTHED, adj. HARD'SHIP, n. s. HARDWARE, n. s. HARD WAREMAN, n. s. HARD'Y, adj. Compounds of hard the primary meaning is applied to whatever makes resistance to external impressions.Their meanings are mostly obvious. Hard-favored is coarse or harsh of countenance; hard-head the manner of fighting, in which the combatants dash heads together. Hardihood, hardiment, courage; bravery. Hardiness, hardship and fatigue; courage. Hard-labored, diligently wrought. Hardship, injury; oppression. Hardware, manufacture of metal. Hardy, bold; strong; confident, in a good and bad sense. And to the tre she goeth, a ful gode pace, Chaucer. Legende of Good Women. Spenser. Faerie Queene. That stroke the hardy squire did sore displease. Id. The youthful knight could not for ought be staid. But full of fire and greedy hardiment, Spenser. Enflamed with fury and fierce hardyhead, He seemed in heart to harbour thoughts unkind, And nourish bloody vengeance in his bitter mind. Id. They are valiant and hardy; great endurers of cold, hunger, and all hardiness. Id. My On the gentle Severn's sedgy bank, If we, with thrice such powers left at home, When the blast of war blows in your ears, Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, Disguise fair Nature with hardfavoured looks, Then lend the eye a terrible aspect. Hardhearted Clifford, take me from the world; soul to heaven. Id. Id. Id. Boldly assault the necromancer's hall, Where if he be, with dauntless hardihood. Milton. When Vulcan came into the world, he was so hardfavoured that both his parents frowned on him. Dryden. 'Tis time my hardmouthed coursers to controul, Apt to run riot, and transgress the goal. Id. But who can youth, let loose to vice, restrain? When once the hardmouthed horse has got the rein, He's past thy power to stop. Id. I have been at hardhead with your butting citizens; I have routed your herd, I have dispersed them. Recite Id. The feats of Amazons, the fatal fight The brother a very lovely youth, and the sister hardfavoured. Id. He has the courage of a rational creature, and such an hardiness we should endeavour by custom and use to bring children to. Locke. Who is there hardy enough to contend with the reproach which is prepared for those, who dare venture to dissent from the received opinions of their country? You could not undergo the toils of war, Nor bear the hardships that your leaders bore. Id. Addison. Eton, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge; where his tutor was Dr. Watson, afterwards bishop of Llandaff. In 1769 he was created, by mandate, master of arts; and called to the bar the same year. The interest of his mother's brother, lord Camden, procured him the rank of serjeantat-law; and he was subsequently appointed solicitor-general to her majesty. In 1787 he was made a Welsh judge, and in 1789 the queen's attorney-general. He died in the execution of his judicial duties, at Presteign, in Radnorshire, April 26th, 1816. He was a man of wit and humor, as well as great good sense and knowledge of the world. His speeches in parliament and in the courts have been published; as well as several contributions to miscellaneous literature, including three sermons. These have been also collected and printed, with his letters, and an account of his life by Mr. John Nichols. HARDING (Thomas), D. D., was born in Devonshire in 1512. He was educated at Winchester; chosen fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1556; and appointed professor of Hebrew by king Henry VIII., whose half-reforming principles he adopted. On the accession of Edward VI. he became a complete protestant; but, on that of the Bloody Mary, he saw his error, recanted, and became a confirmed Papist; whereupon he was made prebendary of Winchester, and treasurer of the cathedral of Salis Criminal as you are, you avenge yourself against bury. Being deprived of his preferments, on the HARDINGE (Nicholas), an English lawyer, chiefly distinguished for the cultivation of the belles lettres. He studied at Eton and Cambridge; after which he kept terms at the Middle Temple and was called to the bar. In 1731 he obtained the office of clerk to the house of commons; in 1752 he was made joint secretary of the treasury; and was twice elected M. P. for the borough of Eye. He died aged fifty-seven in 1758. His works consist of some English poetry, and a volume of Latin poems. HARDINGE (George), son of the preceding, born in 1744. After finishing his studies at accession of queen Elizabeth, he went to Louvaine, where he began his famous controversy with bishop Jewel, against whom he wrote seven tracts in favor of Popery, between 1555 and 1567. He died in 1570. His works show him to have been a man of learning and abilities.. HARDION (James), an ingenious French author, and member of the Academy of Inscriptions, born at Tours, in 1686. He published a Universal History in 18 vols., and a Treatise on French Poetry and Rhetoric. He died in 1766. HARDLY, adv. From hard. Touching things which generally are received, al though in themselves they be most certain, yet, because men presume them granted of all, we are hardliest able to bring such proof of their certainty as may satisfy gainsayers, when suddenly and besides expectation they require the same at our hands. Hooker. There are but a few, and they endued with great ripeness of wit and judgment, free from all such af. fairs as might trouble their meditations, instructed in the sharpest and subtlest points of learning; who have, and that very hardly, been able to find out but only the immortality of the soul. Id. God hath delivered a law as sharp as the two-edged sword, piercing the very closest and most unsearchable corners of the heart, which the law of nature can hardly, human laws by no means, possibly reach unto. Id. The father, mother, daughter they invite ; Hardly the dame was drawn to this repast. Dryden. Coarseness; harshness of look. By their virtuous behaviour they compensate the hardness of their favour, and by the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the beauty of their bodies. Ray. Keenness; vehemence of weather or seasons. If the hardness of the winter should spoil them, Scarcely; scantily; not lightly; with no like- neither the loss of seed nor labour will be much. Recovering hardly what he lost before, HARDNESS, n. s. From hard. Durity; power of resistance in bodies. Hardiness is a firm cohesion of the parts of matter that makes up masses of a sensible bulk, so that the whole does not easily change its figure. Locke. From the various combinations of these corpuscles happen all the varieties of the bodies formed out of them in colour, taste, smell, hardness, and specifick gravity. Woodward. Difficulty to be understood. This label on my bosom Is so from sense in hardness, that I can Shakspeare. Mortimer. Sculptors are obliged to follow the manners of the painters, and to make many ample folds, which are insufferable hardnesses, and more like a rock than a natural garment. Dryden. Faulty parsimony; stinginess. HARDNESS, in bodies, is a property directly opposite to fluidity, by which they resist the impression of any other substance, sometimes in an extreme degree. As fluidity has been found to consist in the motion of the particles of a body upon one another, in consequence of a certain action of the universal fluid, or elementary fire, among them; we must conclude that hardness consists in the absence of this action, or a deficiency of what is called latent heat. This is confirmed by observing, that there is an intermediate state betwixt hardness and fluidity, in which bodies will yield to a certain force, though they still make a considerable resistance. This is principally observed in the metals, and is the foundation of their ductility. It appears, indeed, that this last property, as well as fluidity, is entirely dependent on a certain quantity of latent heat absorbed, or otherwise acting within the substance itself; for all the metals are rendered hard by hammering, and soft by being put again into the fire and kept there for some time. The former operation renders them hot as well as hard; probably, as Dr. Black observes, because the particles of metal are thus forced nearer one another, and those of fire squeezed out from among them. By keeping them for some time in the fire, that element insinuates itself again among the particles, and arranges them in the same manner as before, so that the ductility returns. By a second hammering this property is again destroyed, returning on a repetition of the heating, or annealing, as it is called; and so on, as often as we please. Hardness appears to diminish the cohesion of bodies in some degree, though their fragility does by no means keep pace with their hardness. Thus, glass is very hard and very brittle; but flint, though still harder than glass, is much less brittle. Among the metals, however, these two properties seem to be more connected, though even here the connexion is by no means complete. Steel, the hardest of all the metals, is indeed the most brittle; but lead, the softest, is not the most ductile. Neither is hardness connected with the specific gravity of bodies; for a diamond, the hardest substance in nature, is little more than half the weight of the lightest metal. As little is it connected with the coldness, electrical properties, or any other quality with which we are acquainted; so that, though the principle above laid down may be accepted as a general foundation for our enquiries, a great number of particulars remain yet to be discovered before we can offer any satisfactory explanation. All bodies become harder by cold; but this is not the only means of their doing so, for some become hard by heat as well as cold. Mr. Quist and others have constructed tables of the hardness of different substances. The method pursued in constructing these tables was, by observing the order in which they were able to cut or make any impression upon one another. The following table, extracted from M. Magellan's edition of Cronstedt's Mineralogy, was taken from Dr. Quist, Sir T. Bergman, and Mr. Kirwan. The first column shows the hardness, and the second the specific gravity. Paris in 1729, aged eighty-three. His principa. works are, 1. An edition of Pliny's Natural History, with notes, which is much esteemed; 2. An edition of the Councils, which made much noise; 3. Chronology Restored by Medals, 4to.; 4. A Commentary on the New Testament, folio; in which he pretends that our Saviour and his apostles preached in Latin, &c. HARDS, n. s. The refuse or coarser part of flax. HARDT (Herman von Der), a philological writer of Germany, was born in 1660 at Melle, Westphalia, where his father was director of the mint. He studied at Jena and Leipsic, and attached himself chiefly to oriental languages. The duke of Brunswick made him his librarian; and, in 1690, he was chosen professor of the Oriental languages in the university of Helmstadt; to which he induced the duke to present his library. In 1709, becoming rector of the gymnasium of Marienburg, he employed every moment he could spare in preparing for the press those works which have established his fame. Among these are, Autographia Lutheri aliorumque celebrium virorum ab anno 1517, ad ann. 1546, Reformationis Ætatem et Historiam egregiè Illustrantia, 3 vols. 8vo.; Magnum Concilium Constantiense de universali Ecclesiæ Reformatione, unione, et fide, 1697, 3 vols. folio, 1700-1742, 6 vols. folio, undertaken by order of the duke of Brunswick; Memorabilia Bibliothecæ novæ Rodolphiæ; Historia Litteraria Reformationis, 1717, 5 vols. folio; Tomus Primus in Jobum, Historiam populi Israelis in Assyriaco exilio, Samariâ Eversa et Regno extincto Illustrans, Helmstadt, 1728, folio; the remainder of this work was never published. He died in 1746, leaving in MS. a History of the Reformation. HARDUNHULLY, a town of the Mysore, south of India. It was taken by the rajah from a neighbouring petty prince, in the year 1614. Long. 77° 2' E., lat. 11° 50' N. HARDY, a county of the north part of Virginia, bounded north-east by Hampshire county, east by Shenandoah county, south-west by Pendleton and Randolph counties, and north-west by Maryland. Population 5525. Chief town, Moore-fields. HARE and HERE, differing in pronunciation only, signify both an army and a lord. So Harold is a general of an army; Hareman, a chief man in the army; Herwin, a victorious army; which are much like Stratocles, Polemarchus, and Hagesistratus, among the Greeks. HARE, n. s. & v. n. Saxon, þaɲa; Erse. HARE BELL, n. s. karh; Dan. and Swed. HARE BRAINED, adj. | hare, from ear, or hear, HARE FOOT, n.s. Mr. Thomson suggests. HAKE'LIP, n. s. A small quadruped, HARE'SEAR, n. s. with long ears and short HAR'IER, n. s. tail, that moves by leaps, remarkable for timidity, vigilance, and fecundity; the common game of hunters; also a constellation. The verb signifies to frighten or hurry with terror. Harebell, a blue flower. Harebrained, volatile; unsettled; wild. Harefoot, a bird; an herb. Harelip, a deficiency in the upper lip, constituting a disease, so called from |