bearing on this proposition, its inception. We old members are to some extent familiar with the situation. The new members, some of them, probably, are not. Just as a suggestion-I do not carewouldn't it be better until we had these hearings printed and give the members of the committee a chance to go through them?

Mr. REID. He claims that this thing, if it is not done right away, humanity will die.

Mr. HAMMER. I want to get a copy of the hearings. We had exhaustive hearings on this and I want to refresh my recollection just a little bit before I vote on it. I have sent to my office for them, but they do not seem to locate them in the files.

Mr. MCLEOD. I would like to say this, that I believe every member of the committee has received a copy of these hearings and very carefully looked the same over. Now, the passing of this resolution would in no way interfere with the passing of another. If, as Mr. Rea states, he will come before this committee and actually show you something that is workable-I would like to say, if he has something and has been familiar with it since 1918, that is five years in which he has had an opportunity to do what he asks now, to demonstrate it before this committee, and this is not asking for any expense. Therefore, I ask that it be reported.

Mr. HAMMER. This man does not ask for any protection in this

bill?

Mr. MCLEOD. Mr. Rea does not. He is willing to demonstrate his machine to you.

Mr. REA. You misunderstand me. I said this: That we would be ready by the 23d to present to you a proposition, and we have a machine right now at the present time, to demonstrate to you that we can produce power without fuel, and we are ready to do that before this committee, and let you judge between us. If Mr. Giragossian-I do not wish to have anything against him; I indorse every word he says I indorse every word the gentleman said here, but we just want a hearing, that is all.

The CHAIRMAN. If you will excuse me, the committee will go into executive session for a few minutes.

Mr. MCLEOD. Do you want to present this petition signed by over a hundred members of Congress and the Senate urging the adoption of this resolution?

Mr. GIRAGOSSIAN. Yes, sir.

GARABED FREE ENERGY GENERATOR

UNITED STATES SENATE,

SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATENTS,
Washington, D. C. February 23, 1923.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 4 o'clock p. m., in the committee room, Capitol.

Senator Smith, of South Carolina (chairman), presiding.

STATEMENT OF GARABED T. K. GIRAGOSSIAN, OF BOSTON, MASS.

Mr. GIRAGOSSIAN. Honorable chairman and gentlemen of the committee, with a feeling of gratitude and deep appreciation I want to express to you my sincere thanks for your granting me this opportunity to give you an account of a discovery or invention of mine by which unlimited energy can be pro

duced without labor or expense. By means of this hearing I expect to dispel the erroneous idea or misconception formed about it.

Recently I sent a letter to the honorable chairman of the committee, which I introduce as my prefatory statement. With the memorandum I sent to your committee I request also to have printed in the record of this hearing some other writings which are closely and inseparably related to this matter. All of these except one are printed in the Congressional Record or in official documents.

Hon. HIRAM W. JOHNSON,

Senate of the United States.

WASHINGTON, D. C., January 4, 1923.

MY DEAR SENATOR: I beg to state that I am waiting anxiously for a liberal hearing on the Senate Joint Resolution 71, which has been referred to your Committee on Patents June 9, 1921.

I appreciate the fact that there has been created an absolutely erroneous conception to the effect that my work, a free-energy generator, or the Garabed, was a failure. I believe that this entirely wrong idea is mostly responsible for the undue delay of the requisite hearing. Therefore I inclose a memorandum for you and your committee, with the expectation that it may in some degree dissipate the unfortunate effect of that fictitious rumor.

It is over three years I am endeavoring to attract the attention of our leaders to this matter, as it is about two years that I am in Washington, D. C., and am striving for the same purpose. In the period of this two years our people alone have spent over $30,000,000,000 for fuel or energy, and besides that we lost daily hundreds of millions of dollars which we could have gained or produced by my work without extra work or expense. During this two years our Congress was almost in a ceaseless session, and was struggling for economic gains, for the more production of coal, etc., and meanwhile congressional committees were giving some long hearings to others, but the price of coal has gone up, the suicides, insanity, and horrible crimes increased, which indicate unmistakably the increase of the miseries of suffering people. While by my work not only will we save $3,000,000,000, but we can save the lives of millions from insufferable miseries, from the torture of the boilers' furnaces, from nuisanes of smoke, etc.

The utilization of the coal or fuel at the present time and under the system of my work represents a very strange and amazing contrast. In the United States alone we are annually destroying about a thousand million tons of coal and 500,000,000 barrels of petroleum. In order to burn this most valuable natural wealth we are annually spending over $15,000,000,000 for the sake of energy, while some scientific experts insist that 7,000 different things can be produced from coal. But it requires motive power in every case. Therefore the production of them is not as yet commercially practicable. Let us reduce those 7,000 products into 100, then by costless energy hundreds of kinds of useful necessities of life will be produced from fuel, which means that we will have a new field of productive industry and more work.

The saving of fuel and its incidental expense of billions of dollars per annum is a highly important matter, yet in reality it is a very insignificant fraction of the incalculable services which my work can render to humanity. It will offer to our people and mankind more benefits and blessings by only supplying freely the agriculturist with abundant fertilizer and water than all the riches of the entire world could have done in the past. The splendid industrial and social reforms which the Garabed will afford in 10 years all the factors of the world could not accomplish in centuries, as it it inherently ordained to reshape the destiny of mankind, creating an age of reason and everlasting happiness.

I am able to verify substantially the entire feasibility of my claim at my expense and without cost or injury to anybody, and while the United States Government will have the privilege of using it for all and any purposes, free of charge.

Once more I entreat earnestly that you will do your best in granting me a liberal hearing by the committee. I hope and wish that I will be notified about

the hearing a few days beforehand.

Believing sincerely that you will never tolerate that such a resourceful gift of the nature to be sacrificed to protraction or anything else, I have the honor to remain,

Your very sincerely,

GARABED T. K. GIRAGOSSIAN.

First of all, and above everything, I wish, honorable chairman, to assure you that there is not in this wide world any motive strong enough to induce me to raise this question once more if I did not possess a successful work. By the desired result of this pursuit of mine, I can expect nothing from an unsuccessful work but persecution. Under such circumstances, why should a man with common sense endeavor to inspire or create a transient false hope in the mind of any person in order to make himself odious?

If my work is a failure, naturally I would let it be buried in the ocean of oblivion rather than to come forth again, so as to subject myself to the rightful resentment, ridicule, and contempt. With a circumspect and serious consideration of the full meaning and consequences of a failure, I beg to reiterate that if some day the sun rises from the west, and ocean waters run toward the mountains, or, in other words, if nature reverses herself and changes her laws, then, and then only, will my work be a failure. So long as we live under the present physical laws my work is and will remain a success. Nothing but my knowledge of this fact has brought me before you.

For the verification of my claim, Mr. Chairman, it was suggested that I should submit my working engine before three eminent men, selected beforehand. It was claimed that as soon as such men became convinced and testified that I really possessed what I claimed, the United States Congress would promptly act for its unqualified protection. But this kind of procedure is impractical.

In accordance with such advice, if I should demonstrate it to the satisfaction and approval of three authoritative gentlemen, after that I would never need for my work any legislative measure or protection whatsoever from any congress, parliament, or government. The nations who would struggle to utilize it are able to protect their interests and rights.

When it will become known, confirmed, and declared formally, that the problem of free energy is really solved, then the residence of its author will be surrounded by the agents of the civilized nations, and the treasuries of the world will be opened for a fair remuneration.

Because of its extraordinary nature, no nation will tolerate that such a natural resource shall be exploited, owned, or controlled by any man, company, or nation. If any nation could monopolize the means of free energy, or could manage the exclusive use of it, not only would it control the economic destiny of other nations, but would eventually become the physical master of all of them.

As the regulation or restraining of the moon's movement by man is an impossible feat, likewise the direct exploitation of my work by me is out of the question. All that I can expect from it is a modest reward, which will doubtless be given to me cheerfully. My motive for securing a special patent protection is to secure a transcient safeguard against swarming infringers and as a precaution against any adverse eventuality. Thence, automatically, a question comes forth, namely, is there not a facility to find two or three qualified, trustworthy gentlemen, and have this matter settled privately. Surely, I can find more than the required number in the city of Boston. I am willing to surrender my work to a few persons, but I am afraid of a possible leakage or disclosure of the secret, which may occur in spite of their circumspect carefulness and utmost honesty. Even competent persons in many cases can not keep their own secrets or are robbed of them unconsciously. However, for many reasons I consider it a suicidal folly to divulge such a hard-attained secret without a proper security against possible accidental loss.

It is gratifying that our Congress rejected and removed the necessity of such a fatal procedure by granting a legal security for the work in question. Unfortunately, however, I could not as yet enjoy the benefit of it, being confronted with many obstacles. On January 4, 1923, I forwarded to the honorable chairman and to this committee a memorandum in which I partly described some of these difficulties, but I did not mention another important reason for my attempting to display such a machine was that my inextricable situation converted me into an adventurer or fatalist of some kind. I thought that I might create a new line or direction of thought in the minds of an authorized committee by my revelation of a partial method of my working engine's operation. Of course, the success and realization of such a venturous and fatalistic attempt and expectation would have relieved my anxiety and trouble to a great degree. However, this aim and endeavor of mine failed, but without causing me any disappointment. It would have been regarded as an exceptionally rare occurrence or even a psychological miracle if this special

In

committee would or could have encouraged my real motive behind such attempt or exhibition. In the first place, they were appointed for a specific and definite purpose; that is to say, to examine a certain engine and to report whether or not it was practicable and whether it was a successful one. the latter event the committee should decide whether its possessor was "the original discoverer or inventor thereof." This is the specific dictum and stipulation of that particular law. The committee rendered its service and fulfilled its mission very honestly and conscientiously. I have the greatest respect and regard for its members. I feel grateful and under moral obligations for their appreciable service.

This committee reported that Giragossian (1) did not exhibit a working engine and that the machine examined by the committee was not workable. This report was an absolute truth. I brought the machine to Washington, D. C., and showed it to 17 Senators and Congressmen, as well as to several other persons. In Boston, also, many persons have seen it. Among them, several scientists, professors, and men of thought, only two persons have formed a nearly correct idea about the principle or method of my working engine's operation. One of them was a high-school boy about 15 or 16 years of age. The other was Hon. Charles Bennet Smith, of Buffalo, who was then chairman of the House Committee on Patents. It may seem strange that some scientists can not see a new system in many hours, while a child or layman can see it in a comparatively shorter time and with less explanation. But this is not a single happening in the annals of discoveries or inventions. Several scientific tragedies of similar character have occurred even in the life of this young Republic.

No man rendered a greater service to humanity than Doctor Morton, of Boston, who discovered anæsthetic for the elimination of physical pain. Some foremost medical men had seen numb and motionless man lying before them to mutilate as if it was a real carcass, without causing him any physical pain. One of the doctors subjected himself to unconsciousness, and when he awoke he did not believe nor understand, but insulted and abused the humble dentist, Doctor Morton.

No man had ever demonstrated the entire practicability of an invention in its primitive stage better than Professor Morse, of Boston. He did not withhold his secret and was ever ready to exhibit his telegraph and to verify by actual communication the feasibility and utility of it. The scientists and intellectuals of the time should have arisen as one man in support of Mr. Morse, and to take invaluable advantage of such a most wonderful and beneficial gift or secret of mother nature. Some of them discredited him by the conspiracy of silence, while others ridiculed and scoffed at him. Through the effect of the sinful attitude of the scientists or intellectual class, a little more and Mr. Morse would have died in a lunatic asylum. For about three years he roamed about Washington, D. C., it is said, "with hat in his hand and knocking at door after door," in order to explain his work for a requisite opportunity.

No man had the gift and privilege as had Mr. Loomice, from Washington, D. C., who offered to mankind such a miraculous wonder that stands more conspicuous, higher, and greater than all the known or recorded wonders of the world. Mr. Loomice obtained a patent for his wonder; namely, for his original air or wireless telegraphy. He kept no secret about it. His explanations and drawings were accessible to all interested. He demonstrated the practicability of it, and for a period of 10 years he lectured in many places on the feasibility and merit of his work. But he could not secure any material support, so as to put it into public use. It is true the United States Congress voted an appropriation of $50,000, and President Grant approved it by his signature. This money was to be used for Mr. Loomice's wireless telegraphy, but the mandate of Congress was not executed on account of the prevailing hostile opinion of the leading scientists and professors toward Mr. Loomice's wireless.

Long before that time Professor Morse once saw that the wire of his telegraph was disconnected or broken for many yards, while at the same time he could send messages through the disconnected wire, and then he concluded and became convinced of the possiblity of wireless telegraph and its advent. Thus Professor Morse had seen in his imagination the image or miniature of the coming wireless, but armies of scientists and professors could not see the real one, and rejected it, and consequently the blindness and folly of this higher class prevented the wireless coming into the light under the glorious flag of 96227-24

the country of its genuine author. If Doctor Loomice was now alive, what would be his feeling and impression after seeing how man can speak through wireless thousands of miles away, by virtue of the very principle of his discovery, for which he toiled, suffered, and died.

66

And, honorable chairman, no man had contributed as much as Professor Langley to the realization of fanciful dreams and lofty aspirations of man in regard to the mastery of the air, but his invaluable service was not appreciated. The sad memory of this most lamentable tragedy is yet very fresh in our minds. The main purpose of my mentioning these historical facts of common knowledge is to emphasize the fact that these great discoverers or inventors had exposed their work before the world, without reservation, but they have been discredited, while I did not yet disclose my secret to anyone nor did I exhibit my working engine. Then, how can I expect that the same class of people would even encourage me for such an 'astounding" discovery or invention. Inasmuch as no man yet knows anything about my work, I do sincerely expect that any unbiased and thoughtful person will not conclude, without substantial facts and exact knowledge, that my claim was or is a failure. Mr. Chairman, I say without flattering, nor as a matter of usual courtesy, that I have profound confidence in this dignified committee. Therefore, it is my sincere belief that you will not draw a negative conclusion from unwarranted guesswork concerning matter the calamitous loss of which may not be restored by all legislators and governments, with their combined available resources and agencies, while your liberal attitude alone will bestow humanity with incalculable blessings, without a drop of blood, without the sweat of toil, and without the burden of cost.

It is entirely clear and very obvious that the misconception created by the report of the committee, or by my unwillingness to display my working engine, could have been dispelled easily in one day or so, and the people would have enjoyed the inestimable benefit of my work long ago, if there were not other powerful hindrances in its way. One of these impediments is the failure of others.

It is true that the irritating question of energy is as old as humanity, and especially since the dawn of civilizaton. It has been the main goal of the pursuit and strife of man. Through the centuries numberless masterful minds and armies of rigorous and energetic hard workers struggled, became exhausted, and perished on the way to this most alluring objective. At the present time it will not also be a surprising calamity if the evil prophecy of some thinkers becomes true and the civilized world once more is to be transformed into a human shambles for the possession of the resources of fuel and oil. In fact, the statesmen of all nations always have some bone of contention, but history has not yet recorded such an international issue which involved the utmost and vital interests, progress, and even the very existence of the nations as fuel, or petroleum does to-day. Apparently they are dismayed and unexpectant, and their only remaining hope is centered in the meager and limited resources of fuel, especially petroleum, for the maintenance or acquirement of a suitable situation. But the dire need and struggle of those disappointed nations, as well, as the failure, statement, conception, or conviction of all, or of any, of the foremost scientists of the higher rank, can not be considered by a conversant and intelligent person as a proof or evidence that I did not solve the problem of energy.

The foremost and celebrated scientist, Prof. Isaac Newton, intended to make or invest a lense. In his attempt he confronted two obstacles. One of them was that the light spread when it passed through the glass; the other was that the light appeared in different colors. Professor Newton in vain endeavored hard to overcome these difficulties. His means became exhausted, and his masterful mind staggered about it. At last he came to the conclusion that those obstacles were due to and within the immutable laws of physics. Consequently Professor Newton gave up the project as a matter of impossibility. After some years another man took the same matter up again and succeeded. He attached and brought together a convex and a concave glass which produced the desired result. This invention is known or called by the name "achromatic lens." Professor Newton believed also that light was matter and comes out from its source as a projectile goes out from a gun." Therefore he thought that the light can not pervade or pass through a lens to another lens in such a way as might perform an important task.

66

According to some critics the conception of Professor Newton about light retarded for over a hundred years the advancement of certain branches of