2.

3.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Apple Computer Inc. v. Formula International, Inc., 725
F. 2d 521 (9th Cir. 1984).

Same as 1.

F. Supp.

Apple Computer, Inc. v. Formula International, Inc.,
(C.D. Cal. 1984) (contempt proceeding).
17 U.S.c. 117 "essential step" copying privilege not
applicable to transfer of extracted operating systems
from diskette to ROM.

Hubco Data Products Corp. v. Management Assistance, Inc.,
219 U.S.P.Q. 450 (D. Idaho 1983).
Copyrightability of object code.

GCA Corp. v. Chance, 217 U.S.P.Q. 718 (N.D. Cal. 1982).
Source code only was registered; held object code protected
as well on theory object code was encryption of source code.
Midway Mfg. Co. v. Strohon, 564 F. Supp. 741 (N.D. Ill. 1983).
Infringement of computer program underlying electronic
audiovisual game.

Freedman v. Select Information Systems, 221 U.S.P.Q. 848
(N.D. Cal. 1983).

Prima facie effect of registration supports preliminary
injunction in software case notwithstanding questions of
originality and ownership.

Tandy Corp. v. Personal Micro Computers, 524 F. Supp. 171
(N.D. Cal. 1981).

ROM as an infringing "copy."

American Intelligent Machines Corp. v. Basic Computers, Inc.,
CCH Copr. L. Rep. 125,322 (E.D. Va. 1981).

Consent judgment prohibiting reproduction, distribution
and sale of program.

Williams Electronics, Inc. v. Artic International, 685 F. 2d
870 (3rd Cir. 1982).

Chip duplication as "copy" within definitional provisions.

Midway Mfg. Co. v. Artic International, 704 F. 2d 1009
(7th Cir. 1983), cert. denied 10/3/83.

Infringement of audiovisual display and underlying computer
program.

Peachtree Software Inc. v. United Computer Corp., C-83-2082A (N.D. Ga.). Complaint filed 1983.

Suit to enjoin rental of licensed software.

MicroPro International Corp. v. United Computer Corp., C-833019 (N.D. Cal.). Complaint filed June 17, 1983. Dismissed per settlement. Same as 12.

Atari, Inc. v. JS&A Group, Inc., CCH Copr. L. Rep.
25,613 (N.D. 111. 1983), appeal to Court of Appeals
for Federal Circuit filed; jurisdiction questioned.
17 U.S.C. 117 "archival copying" privilege not
to ROM-based programs at issue.

applicable

In Re Certain Personal Computers & Components Thereof, U.S.I.T.C.
Inv. No. 337-TA-140 (Initial Determination, Dec. 9, 1983;
Final Determination, March 4, 1984; Notice of Issuance of
Exclusion Order, March 9, 1984). See CCH Copr. L. Rep.
125,651. Determination of substantial similarity.
Exclusion order against importation of copyright infringing
computer programs and ROM-less computers designed and intended
to receive infringing computer components. Compare Dept.
of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service Ruling COP-2-03 CO:R:E:E
724225 KP (ROM-less computers may not be denied entry into
U.S. on theory of contributory copyright infringement because
17 U.S.C. 602 (b) bars only piratical copies).

S&H Computer Systems, Inc. v. SAS Institute Inc., 568 F.
Supp. 416 (M.D. Tenn. 1983).

Program produced under partial government funding in
public domain under terms of grant; discussion of
substantial similarity of computer programs.

Videotronics, Inc. v. Bend Electronics, 586 F. Supp. 1471
(D. Nev. 1983) preemption of trade secret misappropriation
claims involving computer programs; 586 F. Supp. 478 (D. Nev.
1984) letter "C" surrounded by hexagonal shape sufficient in
form; random appearance of notice (once every 5-10 games and
when reset pushed) insufficient; insufficient effort to cure
omission. See also Kramer v. Andrews, 83-1344-3 (D. So. Car.
May 29, 1984), appeal filed.

Micro-Sparc., Inc. v. Amtype Corp., Civ. No. 84-1043-G (D. Mass.
August 31, 1984). 17 U.S.C. 117 "backup" and "archival"
copying privileges not applicable to commercial service selling
diskette format of programs published in computer magazine.
Digidyne Corp. v. Data General Corp., 81-4628, 4667, 4671 &
4162 (9th Cir., June 7, 1984). Data General's refusal to
license operating system software except to purchasers of
its CPUS held unlawful tying arrangement under Sherman &
Clayton Acts. Copyright in operating system found to create
presumption of sufficient economic power to render arrangement
illegal per se. Trial court's comment suggesting doubt as to
coprightability of object code considered no longer tenable.

ELECTRONIC DATA BASES

29-909 084- 17

See Rand McNally & Co. v. Fleet Mgt. Systems, Inc., CCH Copr. L. Rep. 125,692 (N.D. Ill. July 25, 1984). Computer input of conventional work infringement. Cf. also following compilation cases:

Eckes v. Card Prices Update, 736 F. 2d 859 (2d Cir. 1984). Compilation of baseball cards protectible based on subjective selectivity involved.

Rockford Map Publishers, Inc. v. Directory Service Co. of Colorado, Inc., 83-2523 (C.D. Ill. June 14, 1984). Compilation of landowner information. "Industriousness" standard of protection and infringement.

Hutchinson Tel. Co. v. Fronteer Directory Co. of Minnesota, Inc., 586 F. Supp. 911 (D. Minn. 1984), appeal filed. White pages of telephone directory held not an original work of authorship since publication required by state law.

Financial Information, Inc. v. Moody's Investors Service,
Inc., CCH Copr. L. Rep. 125,534 (S.D.N.Y. 1983); $25,617
(S.D.N.Y. 1984).

Compilation of daily bond cards; fair use.

Dow Jones & Co. v. Board of Trade of City of Chicago, 546
F. Supp. 113 (S.D.N.Y. 1982).

Compilation of stock market indexes.

National Business Lists, Inc. v. Dun & Bradstreet, Inc.,
552 F. Supp. 89 (N.D. Ill. 1982).

"Fact" protection in compilation cases may lack "conceptual
underpinning" but retains vitality.

Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Associated

Telephone Directory Publishers, CCH Copr. L. Rep. 125,573
(N.D. Ga. 1983).

Originality of telephone directory.

VIDEO GAMES

1.

2.

3.

Midway Mfg. Co. v. Artic International, 704 F. 2d 1009
(7th Cir. 1983), cert. den. 10/3/83.

Infringement of audiovisual display; fixation requirement
found satisfied.

Williams Electronics, Inc. v. Artic International, 685 F.
2d 870 (3rd Cir. 1982).

Infringement of audiovisual display and underlying

computer program.

Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Corp., 672 F. 2d 607 (7th Cir. 1982), cert. den. 10/4/82.

Infringement of audiovisual display.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Stern Electronics v. Kaufman, 669 F. 2d 852 (2d Cir. 1982).
Same as 3.

Midway Mfg. Co. v. Strohon, 564 F. Supp. 741 (N.D. Ill. 1983).
Infringement of computer program but no infringement of
audiovisual display.

Midway Mfg. Co. v. Bandai-America, Inc., 564 F. Supp. 125
(D.N.J. 1982).

Same as 3.

Nintendo of America, Inc. v. Bay Coin Distributors, Inc.,
CCH Copr. L. Rep. 125,409 (E.D.N.Y. 1982).
Same as 3.

Atari, Inc. v. Armenia Ltd., CCH Copr. L. Rep. 125,328
(N.D. Ill. 1981).

Same as 3.

Midway Mfg. Co. v. Dirkschneider, 543 F. Supp. 466 and 215
U.S.P.Q. 336 (D. Neb. 1981); 571 F. Supp. 282 (D. Neb. 1983).
Same as 3.

Cinematronics v. Noma Enterprises Co. CIV. 81-349 PHX-
EHC (N.D. Ariz. 1981).

Same as 3.

Atari, Inc. v. Williams, 217 U.S.P.Q. 746 (E.D. Cal. 1981).
No similarity of expression.

Atari, Inc. v. Amusement World, 547 F. Supp. 222 (D.

Md. 1981). Appeal withdrawn per settlement.

Same as 11.

In Re Certain Coin Operated Audiovisual Games, USITC No. 337-
TA-87, 214 U.S.P.Q. 217 (1981); USITC No. 337-TA-105,

216 U.S.P.Q. 1106, 218 U.S.P.Q. 924 (1982) and Bally/
Midway Mfg. Co. v. USITC, 714 F. 2d 1117 (Fed. Cir. 1983).
USITC exclusion orders.

Bally/Midway Mfg. Co. v. American Postage Machines, Inc.,
CCH Copr. L. Rep. 125,601 (E.D.N.Y. 1983).
Same as 3; maximum statutory damages for willfulness.

Nintendo of America, Inc. v. Elcon Industries, Inc.,
564 F. Supp. 937 (E.D. Mich. 1982).

Same as 3; unauthorized publication without notice did
not invalidate copyright.

Infringement

Videotronics, Inc. v. Bend Electronics, 586 F. Supp. 478
(D. Nev. 1984); 564 F. Supp. 1471 (D. Nev. 1983).
of audiovisual display; insufficiency of notice.

V.

VI.

17.

Kramer v. Andrews, 83-1344-3 (D. So. Car. May 29, 1984), appeal filed. De minimis authorship; insufficient notice; insufficient effort to cure omission of notice.

SECONDARY TRANSMISSION BY CABLE TELEVISION OPERATORS

1.

2.

3.

American International Productions v. Arlington Tele-
communications Corp., CIV. No. 82-0706-A (E.D. Va.).
Complaint filed July 30, 1982.
Underpayment of distant signals.
per settlement.

Complaint withdrawn

Cablevision Systems Development Co. v. MPAA, CIV. No. 83-1655
(D.D.C.). Complaint for declaratory judgment filed

June 8, 1983; counterclaim for infringement filed June 17, 1983
Statutory royalties and tiering. Pending.

NCTA v. Columbia Pictures, Inc., CIV. No. 83-2785 (D.D.C.).
Complaint for declaratory judgment filed September 21, 1983.
Statutory royalties and mixed service. Pending.

Cf. Orth-O-Vision, Inc. v. Home Box Office, 474 F. Supp. 672
(S.D.N.Y. 1979).

Unauthorized retransmission of programs constituted an
infringing performance.

SECONDARY TRANSMISSION BY CARRIERS

1.

2.

WGN Continental Broadcasting Co. v. United Video, Inc.,
685 F. 2d 218; reh. den. 693 F. 2d 622 (7th Cir. 1982).
Stripping of VBI teletext held infringement under the
circumstances.

Eastern Microwave, Inc. v. Doubleday Sports, Inc., 691 F.
2d 125 (2d Cir. 1982), cert. den. February 22, 1982.
Passive retransmission defense sustained.

1.

2.

Manhattan Cable Television Inc. v. Brandes, 83 CIV. No.
6270 (S.D.N.Y.). Complaint filed August 23, 1983.
(Suit against 33 non-subscribing individuals for descrambling,
intercepting and receiving cable program service.

Manhattan Cable Television Inc. v. Swells Restaurant,

83 CIV. No. 6271 (S.D.N.Y.). Complaint filed August 23, 1983. (Same as 1., except filed against two restaurants.)