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PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES IN ITS AREA, POPULATION, AND MATERIAL INDUSTRIES-Continued.

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71791.

1Exclusive of Alaska and islands belonging to the United States.
2Census figures, relating to Continental United States; the figures for 1912 represent an estimate. 3Census figures.
4True valuation of real and persona! property. 51904. 61791 to 1850, outstanding principal of the public debt. January 1.
8Figures for the years 1791 to 1850 include the total public debt. 91791 (34 months). 101793-1795.
11Gold and silver can not be stated separately prior to 1876. From 1862 to 1875, inclusive, gold and silver were not in circulation except on
the Pacific coast, where it is estimated that the average specie circulation was about $25,000,000, and this estimate is continued for the three
following years under the head of gold. After that period gold was available for circulation.

12 As the result of special investigation by the Director of the Mint a reduction of $135,000,000 was made in the estimate of gold coin in cir-
culation on July 1, 1907, as compared with the basis of previous years, and on September 1, 1910, a reduction of $9,700,000 was made in the
estimate of silver coin.

13Includes notes of Bank of United States; State-bank notes; demand notes of 1862 and 1863; fractional currency, 1863 to 1878; Treasury
notes of 1890, 1891 to date; and currency certificates, act of June 8, 1872, 1892 to 1900.

14Gold values, being 80 per cent of currency values reported. Figures of products include betterments and additions to live stock.
15 Includes value of buildings, $3,556,639,496. The Twelfth Census was the first to collect statistics of buildings on farms.

16 Figures relate to 1910 and include value of buildings, $6,325,451,528.

17Gross value of all farm products. Figures are not comparable with those of previous censuses for reasons of which see census reports.
18Figures relate to the census of 1910, cover the calendar year 1909, and are exclusive of neighborhood industries and hand trades, included
in previous years.

19" Ordinary receipts" include receipts from customs, internal revenue, direct tax, public lands, and "miscellaneous," but do not include
receipts from loans, premiums, Treasury notes, or revenues of Post Office Department.
201792.
21Includes corporation tax, $28,583,304.

22 Ordinary disbursements" include disbursements for War, Navy, Indians, pensions, payments for interest, and "miscellaneous," but
do not include payments for premiums, principal of public debt, or disbursements for postal service paid from revenues thereof.
231794. 24Imports for consumption after 1850.

25 Domestic exports only after 1850.

26 January 1, 1913.

27 Preliminary figures.

281911.

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32The figures relate to the Western Union only, and after 1900 do not include messages sent over leased wires or under railroad contracts.
33 Estimated.

341850, from census of 1880; 1870 to 1900, from Rowell's Newspaper Directory; after 1900 from Ayer's American Newspaper Annual.
Figures for 1912 include outlying possessions.
The figures are for 1911.

36Includes salaries of teachers only.

36 1850, total alien passengers arrived, 15 months ended December 31; after 1850, fiscal years ending June 30.

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Includes the drainage basin of the Red River of the North, not a part of any acquisition, but previously considered a part of the Louisiana Purchase.

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THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES, WITH THE ACCESSIONS OF TERRITORY GRANTED BY THE TREATY OF 1783 WITH GREAT BRITAIN.

TIDES.

Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction or pull of the sun and moon upon the water and upon the earth itself. The close relation which the tides of high water bear to the times of the moon's meridian passage shows that the moon's influence in rising tides is much greater than that of the sun; it has been estimated that it is two and one-half times as great. The result of this attraction of the moon is to draw or heap up

the water, in the parts of the earth nearest it, successively towards it. The surface of the earta rises and falls twice in a lunar day of about 24 hours and 52 minutes. The tides do not always rise to the same height, but every fortnight, after the new and full moon, they become much higher than they were in the alternate weeks. These high tides are called spring tides, and the low ones neap tides.

-POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, 1790 TO 1910: BY STATES AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS.

[Source: Reports of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Labor.]

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