7 or eq. # Equalize spacing.

or Caps Capitals.

= or A.e.

Le

Bor 1

Small capitals.

Lower-case.

Superior or inferior.

or ital. Italic.

rom Roman.
Brackets.
Parentheses.

TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS

15 b. pt. ital. caps.

3/2

s.c. It does not appear that the earliest printers had e 11 any method of correcting errors before the form was on the press/ The learned The learned correctors of the first two centuries of printing were not proofreaders in our sense/they were rather what we should jerm office editors. Their labors not were chiefly to see that the proof corresponded to the copy, but that the printed page was correct in its latinity/at the were there and stet. little 8 about orthography, bad letters, or purely printerftu

m

that the sense was right. They cared

errors, and when the text seemed to them wrong they consulted fresh authorities or altered it on their own responsibility. Good proofs in the not modern sense, were possible until professional readers were employed/ men who had first a printer's education, and then spent many years ia the correction of proof. The orthography of English, which for the past century has under gone little change, was very fluctuating until after the publication of Johnson's Dictionary, and capi.

ん

tals, which have been used with considerable reglead spell ularity for the past 80 years; were previously used tr on the [miss for hit plan. The approach to reguit larity, so far as we have may be attributed to the growth of a class of professional proof readers, and

If it

5/2

&

C

s/f/rom.

it is to them that we owe the correctness of mod

ern printing. More erfors have been found in the

Bible than in any other one work. For many gen lead.
erations it was frequently the case that Bibles
were brought out stealthily, from fear of govern-

[mental interference. They were frequently Out, see copy
printed from imperfect texts, and were often mod: h

ified to meet the views of those who publised

them The story is related that a certain woman
in Germany, who was the wife of a Frinter, and L.c.
had become disgusted with the continual asser-
om. tion of the superiority of man over woman which
ehe had heard, hurried into the composing room
while her husband was at supper and altered a
sentence in the Bible, which he was printing, so
that it read Narr instead of Herr, thus making
the verse read "And he shall be thy fool" instead
of "And he shall be thy Lord." The word not
was omitted by Barker, the King's printer in En
gland in 1632, in printing the seventh commandment,
He was fined £000 on this account.

NUMBER OF WORDS AND EMS TO THE SQUARE INCH.

CHAPTER XII.

POST OFFICE AFFAIRS.*

PART I.

STATISTICAL INFORMATION.

UNITED STATES POST OFFICE.

SUMMARY OF ALL CLASSES DOMESTIC MAIL SERVICE IN OPERATION JUNE 30, 1912.

SERVICE AND EXPENDITURE.

3.409

226,071.02 458,648,623.77 $46,336,293.86

Average rate of cost per mile

of length.

204.96

$3,716,181.11

apartment-car service, manned by 1.040 crews, of 1.598 clerks. There were also 1,377 apartment railway post-office lines, manned by 4.287 crews, of 5,554 clerks; 17 electric car lines, with 18 crews, of 19 clerks; 53 steamboat lines, with 86 crews, of 86 clerks; a total of 1,606 lines of all kinds, manned by 15.323 clerks. representing the working force of the lines. In addition there were 10.10 32 officials, 129 chief clerks, 622 transfer clerks employed in handling the mails at important junction points, 521 clerks detailed to clerical duty in the various offices of the service, and 448 clerks employed in terminal railway post offices--an aggregate of 17,075 employees in the service

19.51

On June 30, 1912, there were in operation 159 full railway post-office lines, manned by 1 607 crews of 8.066 clerks (including 161 acting clerks). Of these 159 full lines, 141 had

(Continued on page 324.)

This chapter is divided into two parts: the first gives statistics relative to the Post Office Affairs of the United States and the World, the second deals with information relative to rates. etc., domestic and foreign and the "Parcel Post." Revised through the courtesy of Postmaster-General Burleson.

MAIL SERVICE IN OPERATION YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1912.

COMPARISON OF REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1912, WITH THOSE OF THE PRECEDING YEAR.

EXPENDITURES, APPROPRIATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR ALL
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES EXCEPT RURAL DELIV-
ERY AND STAR ROUTE SERVICE.

1 Star service, except in Alaska, transferred to office of Fourth Assistant Postmaster General. Includes $123,200 made immediately available for deficiency for fiscal year 1912.

*Includes employees in postal, telegraph and telephone services † Includes employees in postal and telegraph services.