AROUND THE WORLD IN THIRTY-SIX DAYS. When Jules Verne wrote his fascinating story, "Around the World in 80 Days," he probably did not realize that within a comparatively short period this trip could be made in much abbreviated time. In fact Phineas Fogg could now make the complete circuit of the earth in slightly less than thirty-six days. Numerous attempts have been made to beat the fictional record of Phineas Fogg by both men and women. The first of these journeys around the world against time was made in 1889 by Nellie Bly in 72 days 6 hours 11 minutes and 14 seconds. Geo. Francis Train made the trip in 1890 in 67 days 12 hours and 3 minutes. In 1901 Charles Fitzmorris made the trip in 60 days 13 hours 29 minutes and 42 2-5 seconds, in the race of schoolboys conducted by the Hearst papers. Fitzmorris left Chicago. New York. Moscow. Irkutsk May 20, 1901 Stretensk, SiberiaJune 13, 1901 Arrived in Chicago.. The record of Jaeger-Schmidt was broken in 1913 by John Henry Mears by 3 days 22 hours and 37 seconds. Mears made the world trip of 21,066 miles in 35 days 21 hours 35 minutes and 4-5 seconds, thus traveling at an average speed of 587 miles a day or 241⁄2 miles an hour. Jaeger-Schmidt had traveled 19,300 miles at an average daily rate of 480 miles, or 20 miles an hour. Mears left New York. July 2, at 12.45a.m. St. Petersburg. July 12 Harbin ..July 21 Yokohama July 24 Victoria. .Aug. 2 St. Paul......Aug. 5 Aug. 5 Arrived in New York....Aug. 6, at 10.20 p.m. During the entire trip Mr. Mears slept in a hotel but once, and that was for two hours in London. The trip cost less than $800; this includes the liberal tips he distributed along the way and the money he spent in bribing the engine crew on the TransSiberian Railway. An interesting feature of the trip was the flight of fifteen miles in an hydroaeroplane over Puget Sound from a yacht to Seattle. Mr. Mears stated after his trip that in order to break his record it would probably be necessary to resort to the use of an aeroplane from Fishguard to London and from Dover to Moscow, then cutting off about two days. It is expected that the new record will stand for years. The record around the globe by the westward route is claimed by Daniel D. Bidwell, who in 1911 made the complete circuit in 47 days and 22 hours. The route taken by Mr. Bidwell took in Montreal, Vancouver, Yokohoma, Vladivostok, Moscow, Dover, and back to New York. On July 23, 1911, a bicyclist named Pankratow started on a trip around the world on a bicycle from Harbin, Manchuria. He finished on Aug. 10, 1913, having ridden around the world on his wheel in two years and eighteen days. crosswise of the mast, some on yards which lie obliquely to the horizontal, others having booms or gaffs attached at only one end to the mast, and others again having no sprit or spar by which to aid in their extension. Some sails are triangular, others have four well defined sides. Some vessels have all the sails centered at the masts, or are square rigged; in others all the sails are "fore and aft;" and others again have the sails on one or more masts of different type from those on the other or others; while in some, part of the sails on a mast are of one type and the rest of one or more others. Referring to the illustrations, and considering only the number of masts: A to I inclusive have but one; J to X inclusive, two; and the rest have three. There are vessels having four and even five masts, but these do not require illustration as the sails on the other mast or masts are of the same general type as those on the three. Of sails we have as distinct types No 5 A, which is a leg of mutton, having a boom to extend its lower edge; 5 B, which is a square sail, having its upper edge extended by a yard and found also at 4 and 5 L, M and N, 4 V, W, X, Y, Z, AA and BA; 5 X, Z, AA and BA, and 6 AA and BA. All these square sails have no yard to extend them on their lower edges. In vessels F and J there will be seen to be one long yard at an angle to the mast and having its lower end made fast to a convenient point below. This is called a lateen rig. In vessels D, E, G, H, I, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y, all sails marked 5 are bent to the mast at their inner edge, and extended by a boom below and a gaff above. These are fore and aft sails. Other fore and aft sails, bent to stays and not to any mast, boom or yard, are the stay sails seen in vessels D, E, I, J, K, M, N, and on all the others from P on, inclusive. The particular sail on vessel A is a leg of mutton sail; on B, a lug sail or lug; on C, a split lug, differing from that on B by one portion being bent to the mast as well as to the yard above. In vessel K may be seen a "sliding gunter," the upper portion of which is extended by a spar which is hoisted alongside of the mast, constituting, practically, a sliding topmast; the sail being bent to both halves of the mast proper. On vessel L there is a dipping lug, and on M a three-quarter lug. In S we see a schooner the topsails of which, marked 12 and 13, are extended by the topmast and the gaff; these being called gafftopsails; while in T they have at their lower edges comparatively short spars called clubs. by which they may be more flatly strained than where the attachment is made directly to the corner (or clew) of the sail. In BB we see the topsails double; that is, instead of there being only one sail to the topmast, as in AD, 9, 10, 11, they are double, the upper half being bent to the regular yard above, and the other to a yard which is hoisted on the mast; the object being to enable the sail area to be more readily reduced than by reefing one large sail. Taking the different rigs in order as lettered, A, is a leg of mutton, B a lug, C a split lug, D a sloop (having a single mast and only fore and aft sails), E a sloop having a gaff topsail, F a lateen rig, G a skipjack (having no bowsprit and no staysail nor topsail), H a cat boat (which differs from the skipjack only in the hull), I the cutter as known in the United States Navy (distinguished by being sloop rigged, with a square topsail instead of a gaff topsail or a club topsail), J a lateen rigged felucca, K a sliding gunter (having practically a sliding topmast to which as well as to the mast the sail is bent), L a dipping lug, Ma three-quarter lug. Na standing lug (one lower corner of the sail being secured to the mast, and the lower edge being extended without a boom), O a pirogue (having no bowsprit, no staysails, and no topsails, and being fitted with a lee board as shown). P a sloop yawl (having a small mast stepped astern and bearing a leg of mutton sail), Q a sloop yawl with a jigger. R is a schooner having two masts, both fore and aft rigged; this one having no topsails and only one staysail; S a schooner with gaff topsails (sometimes called a gaff topsail schooner), T a schooner with club topsails (sometimes called a club topsail schooner), U a topsail schooner (having a square topsail on the foremast and a gaff topsail on the mainmast), V a hermaphrodite or modified brig (two masted and having the foremast square rigged and the mainmast fore and aft rigged), W a brigantine (having two masts, the foremast being square rigged and the mainmast having square topsails and but a mainsail extended by gaff and boom), X a brig (a two masted vessel square rigged on both masts), Y a barkentine (having three masts, the foremast being square rigged and the other two fore and aft rigged), Z a bark (having three masts, the foremast and mainmast being square rigged and the mizzenmast fore and aft rigged), AA a full rigged ship (having three masts, all square rigged), and BA a full rigged merchant ship (having double topsails as before explained)." The sails as illustrated on all the vessels shown bear the same numbers for the same name throughout. In all, 1 is the flying jib, 2 the jib, 3 the foretopmast staysail, 4 the foresail, 5 the mainsail, 6 the cross jack sail. 7 the spanker, 8 the jigger, 9 the fore topsail. 10 the main topsail, 11 the mizzen topsail, 12 the fore gaff topsail, 13 the main gaff topsail, 14, the main topmast staysail, 15 the mizzen topmast staysail, 16 the lower fore topsail, 17 the lower main topsail, 18 the lower mizzen topsail, 19 the upper fore topsail, 20 the upper main topsail, 21 the upper mizzen topsail, 22 the fore topgallant sail, 23 the main topgallant sail, 24 the mizzen topgallant sail, 25 the fore royal, 26 the main royal, 27 the mizzen royal, 28 the main skysail, 29 the main topgallant staysail, 30 the mizzen topgallant staysail, 31 the jib topsail, 32 the fore trysail. 33 the staysail, 34 the gaff topsail, 35 the main royal staysail. There are other kinds of sails not shown, as for instance studding sails, which are extended by yards on square rigged vessels, and other staysails than those shown may be set when the wind is light and they can be used to advantage to catch any wind. There are other rigs which embody the features of those already shown, such for example as the three masted, four masted. and five masted schooners, the four masted and five masted ships and the four masted Forward: Toward the bow or front of the vessel. Fore-and-aft: This refers to the length of the ship. Fo'castle: This was formerly the seamen's quarters, but in the modern vessel they are quartered almost anywhere near their work. Fathom: Six feet. Flood-Tide: Rising tide. Height of tide: This is the difference between the level of high water and that of low water. Larboard: The opposite of starboard; port is the later and more preferred term. Lee-side: This is the side away from the wind. Latitude: Distance directly North or South of the Equator. Longitude: Distance directly East or West of the meridian of Greenwich. Lights of vessels: These are the port and starboard lights, red and green, respectively, besides a white light in the foretop. Mid-ship: This means the point which is equidistant between the bow and the stern. Neap-tide: This is low tide caused by the sun and moon being farthest apart. Port: This is the left-hand side of the ship looking toward the bow. Porthole: A stateroom window secured in a massive metal ring adapted to be closed tightly. Starboard: This is the right-hand side of the ship looking toward the bow. Scuppers: Channels for water, usually at the outer edge of the deck. Soundings: Depth of water in fathoms. Spring-tide: This is high tide caused by the sun and moon being on the meridian together Sheet-anchor: This is a spare anchor which is reserved for emergencies. Thwartship: Crosswise to the ship. Weather-side: This is the side of the ship toward the wind. |