unsatisfactory conditions existing in Boston, which had been referred to at the previous convention. A committee appointed by the convention to investigate conditions in the eastern states, reported: "There is no such thing as awakening them to a sense of their duty. The animosity existing among the members of the union against those who so disgracefully forsook them four years ago is but little abated, and nothing but the most superhuman efforts on the part of outsiders will bring about good feeling in Boston again." It was suggested that the holding of the next convention of the National Union in Boston would have a beneficial effect in bringing about a better state of affairs. It was reported that Cambridge Union had again raised itself to its former high standard and that there were only five non-union printers in the city. at that time. The union had obtained an increase in wages and prospects were good for a long career of prosperity. This state of affairs, it was reported, had been chiefly brought about by a spirit of leniency toward the erring members and of moderation in the demands of the union.

Negro Members - The question of admitting negroes as members of the International Union was brought before the convention by the delegates from Washington, D. C., by the introduction of the following resolution:

WHEREAS printers, as other workmen, should be engaged solely on account of competency, and not for the individual views, religious or political, they may entertain; therefore, be it

Resolved (as an expression of the sentiments of the National Union on the subject), That the conductor of any printing house, be it governmental or individual, who makes religious or political sentiment a test of fitness for employment, is deserving of censure, and his course in that regard should meet the united opposition of the craft.

Further resolved, That the wanton attempt of the congressional printer to force upon Columbia Typographical Union

No. 101 L. H. Douglas, an avowed rat, meets our unqualified condemnation, and that we deem it the duty of Columbia Union to resist the attempted outrage, and shall firmly sustain them in so doing.

While nothing in the resolution refers to the admission of negroes, it was a well-known fact that L. H. Douglas was a negro. After a spirited discussion and several roll call votes on proposed amendments, the resolutions were passed by a vote of 48 to 37. As a matter of record, however, Douglas was admitted to membership by Washington Union at a later period.

National Executive Committee, 1869- The president appointed the following national executive committee:

M. H. Halpin, Indianapolis; James Beatty, Philadelphia; E. F. Bigler, Cincinnati; George W. Quackenbush, Albany; Will Eaton, Columbus; Charles H. McPherson, New York; George W. Greene, Pittsburgh; Joseph N. Barker, St. Louis; R. B. Lyon, Buffalo; John King, Louisville; Henry Moode, Memphis; Michael H. Doyle, Baltimore; Charles A. Young, Boston; George W. Osler, Harrisburg; John C. Shea, Chicago; H. H. Cowles, New Orleans; Albert H. Rayner, Detroit; John Plaxton, Nashville; J. F. Brown, San Francisco; John F. Eagan, Dubuque; John McCulloch, Milwaukee; T. E. Owens, Petersburg; James F. Risk, Mobile; John H. Stoner, Galveston; T. P. Snyder, Peoria; Frank L. Smith, Montgomery, Ala.; E. A. Wilcox, Providence; A. C. Morgan, Columbia, S. C.; A. L. Worden, Evansville; Charles Winkley, Jackson, Miss.; Thomas P. Vale, Savannah; J. N. Davis, Grand Rapids; J. P. Caylor, St. Jo seph; L. P. Ashby, Augusta; Thomas J. Webb, Charleston, S. C.; A. R. Johnson, Leavenworth; G. N. Parker, Sacramento; Walter C. Wells, New Haven; T. C. Wilkinson, Atlanta; H. M. Hallett, Denver; A. Coburn, Burlington; Henry Stowell, Troy; Thomas A. Stone, Cleveland; J. C. Marcom, Raleigh; H. A. Hawes, Syracuse; S. J. Rigler, Dayton; E. M. Broughton, Quincy; Frank Hudson, jr., Springfield, Ill.; J. C. Brown, Cambridge; B. R. Ketcheson, Utica; Charles M. Berry, Toledo; Harry C. Smith, Lafayette; S. C. Leonard, Washoe, Nev.; Hiram P. Warner, Oswego; G. P. Penfold, Lockport; F. Kemper, Lancaster; Matthew S. Austin, Trenton; George N. Deway, Hartford; S. H. Dodge, Lawrence, Kan.; John H. Oberly, Cairo; C. H. Ford, Portland, Me.; James Hendricks, Erie; J. W. Campbell, Fort Wayne; William F. Hamilton, Wheeling; Royal C. Gould, Kansas City; G. T. Whittington, Alexandria; Charles Pritchard, Macon; W. A. Edwards, Norfolk; James W. Golledge, Houston; J. J. Garver, Hannibal; J. B. Renauld, Richmond; Edward Ward, Toronto; W. B. Calhoun, Little Rock; J. S. Schepmoes, Poughkeepsie; T. H. Diehl, Allentown; J. H. Morrison, Helena, Mont.; William Wilson, Montreal; James S. DeLand, Jackson, Mich.; William H. Hovey, Norwich; J. T. Halleck, Washington, D. C.; C. W. Mitchell, Ottawa; James O. Smith, Newark; G. H. Knapp, New Albany; George W. Rodgers, Vicksburg; T. B. Strickland, Easton; M. Russell, Hudson County, N. J.; D. S. Stanley, Virginia City, Nev.; G. E. Allen, Newbern, N. C.; William McIntire, Newburgh, N. Y.; J. Martin, Knoxville, Tenn.; Frank Orchard, Scranton; J. H. Van Keuren, Springfield, Mass.

Officers, 1869 — Isaac D. George, Nashville, Tenn., was elected first president of the International Typographical Union. Other officers chosen at the same time were P. A. Crossby, Montreal, first vice-president; W. R. Goodnough, Hartford, second vice-president; John Collins, Cincinnati, secretary-treasurer; W. A. Shields, Philadelphia, corresponding secretary.

At the close of the evening session on the fifth day the convention adjourned to meet in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the first Monday in June, 1870.