provided for in the law. This is as far as any arbitration law should go, and applies to all citizens of Tennessee alike, not to one class of men because they are workmen or to one class of questions because dealing with wages and working conditions.

We believe that the American workman should be left free and untrammeled by laws; that the preamble of our constitution applies to him as well as to any other citizen, and that he should be left free for the "pursuit of happiness" in his own way, and not find a barrier erected in his path simply because he is a worker.

Laws prescribing wages and working conditions and settling the rights of the worker in advance of the happening of any event, in so far take him out of the general class of citizens and, as to the matter treated of, place him in a class to himself, arbitrarily settling his rigts in that particular matter while leaving him to himself administer his affairs before the law in all other matters. Such laws have as their basis the thought that the worker is incapable of taking care

of himself and needs the protecting care of the state.

We believe that the American workman has sufficient intelligence and initiative and enough sterling manhood to himself look after his affairs in any relationship in life; that laws settling his affairs for him would but warp and dwarf him and tend to a legalized serfdom incompatible with the traditions and high calling of our free America.

PRATT AND LAMBERT CO. OFFICIAL DEAD.

William H. Andrews, president of the board of directors of the Pratt and Lambert Co., and for many years prominently identi fied with the business and industrial activities of Buffalo, died June 19, 1923.

A host of friends, not only in Buffalo but all over the country will share with the family the loss of this genial, patriotic, and public spirited citizen and business builder. The Brotherhood of Painters extends its sympathy to the bereft family.

Start an individual campaign for the union label, card and button.

Most impressive services were held at Mount Olivet Cemetery on Memorial Day, 1923, under the auspices of DISTRICT COUNCIL OF PAINTERS No. 8 of San Francisco, Cal.

Many members and their families gathered at the plot owned by the Council, to pay solemn tribute to the memory of their departed brothers, strewing beautiful flowers upon their graves and decorating the magnificent monument with garlands and wreaths.

Brother N. F. Smith, of Local Union No. 19, President of District Council No. 8, as Chairman of the Day, opened the exercises in a few well chosen remarks, bringing to the notice of all present the reasons for the gathering, after which he introduced Brother

Wm. M. Page, of Local No. 134, as Orator of the Day, who in conformity with annual custom delivered an address with much feeling, referring to the cause and the organization to which we are all wedded and in which the departed brothers lived and died.

Brother Joseph Tuite, of Local Union No. 134, followed, giving a concise history of the securing of the beautiful plot with its magnificent monument and its surrounding markers, enjoining the attending brothers to continue in the good work of endeavoring to secure better conditions for Unionism.

Brother A. S. Haff, President of Local Union No. 19, closed the exercises by a splendid tribute of respect and memory, pointing out the many benefits obtained and to be obtained by organization.

D

R. F. SELDON, chief chemist for the

Upco Co., Cleveland, Ohio, writing for the Building Industry, explains very interestingly the relationship existing between chemists and the painting industry. Excerpts from his remarks follow:

Sitting at my desk writing these lines on paint I look around the room and make a short mental inventory of the different objects I can see which have received a coat of paint of some kind or another. There is flat wall paint on the ceiling, enamel on the wainscoting, cement floor paint on the floor, the radiators are painted with aluminum paint. Heat resisting paint on the fire grate, oil paint on the pictures, gold paint on the frames. There is a sash paint on the windows, paint on the telephone, paint on the pencils, paint on the pen holders, also on the thermometer, paint even on the face of my watch and many other objects.

If you will remember the fact that all these paints, enamels, etc., applied on these different mentioned objects are distinctly different types and furthermore that only a very few articles have been mentioned above-you may easily realize how many types of paints are used in the different industries and also in the architectural and building trade.

It is wonderful how the art of making paint has developed in the last twenty years, if you remember up to that time there were only a very few kinds of paints, enamels and varnishes known.

Take as an example a white paint. It is hardly more than fifteen years since any other materials but Carbonate of Lead and Zinc White were used and these two white pigments in connection with linseed oil or varnish formed the foundation for all paints applied in any industry. Since that time Sublimed White Lead, Lithopone and Titanox have been introduced and are today successfully employed not as a substitute for White Lead, but each for a certain purpose to obtain certain effects. It is therefore, hardly surprising that today in almost every paint factory which is progressive you will meet one or a number of paint chemists. I do not know if the gradually increasing number of raw materials developed for the paint industry have created the profession of paint chemistry or whether the paint chemistry as a paint profession has developed the number of paint chemists found today. However it may be, the fact remains that paint chemists today fulfill a very important calling in the paint and painting industry.

Their duties consist of not only passing on raw materials before they are made into paints, but to build special paints for special purposes. It is asking too much of the architect or contractor to delve into the intri

cacies of paint chemistry so he will be able to meet squarely and successfully special conditions which offer themselves; therefore, it pays to consult a paint chemist in order to secure the best results in the use of paints.

It is true that many paint houses have painting and varnishing specifications which are very useful in their place and their use is highly recommended wherever normal conditions prevail, but very often this is not the case and strict adherence to those specifications would spell failure.

Very often, too, it happens that specifications do not cover medium priced work as they are written for high grade work only. Very frequently the materials mentioned in the specifications are used, but the number of coats are decreased, or cheaper materials are substituted for the materials specified. In both cases it is more than likely that the results leave the door open for dissatisfaction. A consultation with the chemist of the manufacturer of the paints to be used would obviate the possibilities of dissatisfaction.

A few years ago in Cleveland, one of the biggest factories in a certain line of business was built at a cost of two million dollars and there were no expenses spared to make it up-to-date and efficient in every way possible.

For the window sashes and the tanks on the roof a very light green was chosen. Presumably the architect thought this special shade harmonized perfectly with the reddish color of the stone and-it is true-after the job was done a really artistic effect was obtained.

In order to get the exact color which the architect wanted the paint contractor had to use all kinds of different pigments with the one purpose in mind to get this certain shade.

A few months after the paint was applied this green shade started to fade out. Unfortunately it became lighter in certain places more than in others and today the whole appearance of the building is spoiled by the many different shades which the tanks and the sashes offer.

There is no doubt, the architect in choosing this color originally satisfied his artistic conception of this certain type of building in these surroundings. Furthermore, it is certain that the paint contractor did his very best to satisfy the wish of the archi tect and to give him just what he wanted; but both failed in one important point-the architect in considering the durability of such a shade and the paint contractor in using the right colors to get this effect.

If they had consulted an experienced paint chemist the architect would have been told that such a color was unsuitable for the