poor flannel weavers in 1843," as "the biggest, soundest, broadest, most enterprising, and most successful business principle that has ever been promulgated in this world." He called on the financiers to assist in applying this principle internationally.

"Such a step," he said, "would mean more for the welfare of the human race, more for the advancement of civilization, than any step taken by any generation since the money-changers were cast out of the temple of Jerusalem."

In conclusion, he said:

"However, I am not optimistic enough to expect you to adopt this suggestion at once, but I am willing to point out what really is to be expected.

"I am coming back to New York, but next time I expect to meet the farmers, the laborers, and the soldiers themselves.

"And, finally, I expect the 'farm bloc,' the 'labor bloc,' the 'soldiers' bloc,' and the 'mothers' bloc' TO TURN MORE MEMBERS OUT OF CONGRESS UNTIL THEY HAVE A MAJORITY IN BOTH HOUSES, and then they will proceed to a settlement of these great economic questions, both domestic and foreign, "upon the simple principles of cooperation." "

Education First Great Need

of Labor Movement

When proposals are advanced for the betterment of the Labor movement, it is because those interested in it recognize the necessity for progress and not because they feel that the movement is not operating successfully. The Labor movement has been and is a tremendous success. It has been and is the bulwark of protection for the wage earner, organized and unorganized. But what holds true for other great impulses also holds true for Labor-there always is a need for improvement in the character and policy of the movement.

One of the greatest needs of the Labor movement today is education, although not necessarily the kind of education that is secured by attendance at the recognized edu cational institutions of the country although such instruction should by no means be belittled. Labor has contended for the right of every person to secure the fullest possible use of the schools and universities of the country. While it is true that schools have been used for the benefit of those who control the affairs of state, it is equally true that no person, however advanced in the Labor movement, has ever been heard to bemoan the fact that he or she had received

too much of the education which is obtained through attendance at the established educational institutions. The reason is plain About the time one would discover that the educational facilities of the country were be ing used to drug the minds of the youth of the nation into satisfaction with the exist ing state of society, there would come the realization that the thing which appeared to be evil in some respects could be turned to great good in all respects. In other words the worker must have some education of the kind obtained in our schools and universi ties in order to learn how to learn.

But the education that the Labor move ment needs directly is different. And it ap plies equally to the "well educated" wage earner as well as to those who are not so fortunately placed. It applies to the laborer and the school teacher, to the mechanic and the office man. In the first place the worker should take it upon himself to understand the fundamental facts in connection with his position in society. It is not sufficient to know in a vague way why he is organized. If the Labor movement is to move faster toward its goal it can only do so when its membership understands something about the principles underlying the structure of the present system of society. There can not be intelligent action without knowledge. The progress of the Labor movement has been accomplished by the men and women who, among other things. have been fitted by their knowledge of fundamental social and economic facts to stand in the vanguard of the onward march The average intelligence of the Labor move ment depends upon the proportion of the organized workers who are in possession of the knowledge without which intelligent progress is impossible. This knowledge involves an active interest in the affairs of the working class in every phase of society. It involves the attainment of a familiarity with the broad principles of economic progress which makes the worker instinc tively feel the right thing to do. Upon the matter of tactics and detail there is sure to be disagreement and various opinions, but upon fundamental principles the organized workers who know why they are organized instinctively know the right stand to take.

An increasingly large number of the or ganized workers are educating themselves to a knowledge of fundamental reasons for their organizations. And just as the num ber of those who are so interested increase. so will the power of the Labor movement make itself felt in a greater degree.

WE REFER THIS "GOOD SAMARITAN" TO OLD KING TUT

National Amalgamated Society of Operative House and Ship Painters and Decorators. Manchester, Eng., Feb. 13, 1923.

Dear Comrade Lammert,

I am forwarding you an extract from a letter received by a Mr. A. P. I. Cotterell, civil engineer, London, which he has received from his brother in Philadelphia, as follows:

"There is such a shortage of painters here that they asked me if it was possible to get one thousand young men over from England to learn American methods of painting. Now there is an opportunity for some one or some organization, for America could find work from now till 1926 (according to advertising campaigns) for 25,000 young men for painting, 20,000 more for plastering, 20,000 more for plumbing, 20,000 more for carpenters. Plenty of money available, positively, to place the men where wanted, but under the laws of U. S. A. the men must come of their own free will, not financed or brought over, but we meet them on arrival and take care of them. This would be humanitarian work for some of the 1,500,000 out of work in England. Please pass this on to those who could help."

I shall be very pleased to have your observations on the above, so that we may be able to give the fullest information, should any of our members be approached to go over to the States with a view to obtaining work in the painting trade.

With fraternal greetings,

J. A. GIBSON, Gen. Sec'y.

The above communication was received from General Secretary J. A. Gibson. At the present writing we have not learned who this sympathetic, generous, big-hearted Mr. Cotterell is, who has such forethought that he is willing to induce young men from England to migrate to America to learn the American methods of painting. Its laughable to one who has gone through the mill and knows the uses boys are put to while learning the trade. Our brothers across the pond cannot be fooled so easily. They know that in Philadelphia, from where the Good Samaritan hails, the Brotherhood members have been struggling for the past year

against the introduction of the "scab❞ shop, and now that we have the employer licked, because they cannot get competent men, they are trying by such lies as quoted above to induce them to come. Well, there is nothing doing. Maybe King Tut could attend to their wants.

HERE'S HOW YOU CAN KILL YOUR

OWN ORGANIZATION

Don't come to the meetings. If you do come, come late. If weather doesn't suit you, don't think of coming. If you do attend a meeting, never have anything to say, and find fault with the work of the officers and other members. Never accept office, as it is easier to criticise than to do things. Nevertheless, get sore if you are not appointed to a committee, but if you are do not attend the committee meetings, and tell them you had no time. If asked by the chairman to give your opinion regarding some important matter, tell him you have nothing to say. After the meeting tell every. body how things ought to be done.

Do nothing more than is absolutely necessary, but when other members roll up their sleeves and willingly, unselfishly, use their ability to help matters along, then howl that the organization is run by a clique. Hold back your dues as long as possible, and don't bother about getting new members, or a job for a brother member. Let someone else do it, it's easier.

Run down the organization, especially your own local, and talk about union matters in street cars to and from work, and don't forget to tell your boss what was said at the last meeting, and who said it.

While working never report to the local, or business agent, when union rules are violated in the shop, but when you're laid off, then holler about union conditions. Tell everybody how crooked the boss is, how work is skinned there, and the minor mechanics he employs. Don't study your local by-laws or General Constitution, others will do that. Tell everybody that labor leaders are grafters, because you read it in the newspapers and that you could make a liv ing if there was no union. (Perhaps you could, but not as good.) Submitted by

JOHN P. DELVEAUX, Trustee of Local Union 265, Sec.-Treas. Calumet J. and L. C.

it is in itself a decoration and must be so treated. The methods of treatment are necessarily different, and based upon radically different principles.

When a wall with its paper is to be a background, it must, in the first place, give support to what is hung on it. In the second, it must give richness, interest and harmony without being assertive, just as the background in a picture. The preparation of a proper background is important, and sometimes difficult. In considering the question of background, it must be remembered that "a wall is flat, solid and upright," and nothing should be done to weaken that impression upon the mind and eye.

The background apparently simplest, and in many ways the most satisfactory, is the wall covered with a plain paper. Because it appears simple, do not make the mistake of thinking the selection of the paper requires no thought or care. All plain papers do not make an equally good background, neither will the same paper look the same in two different rooms. In the first place, the character, color and texture of the paper itself must be considered, and, in the second, one must take into account the exposure, the amount and kind of light entering the room for which paper is to be chosen. Further than this, one must think of the kind of room the paper is to go in and whether it will be suitable in that particular place.

As an illustration of the different quali ties of background furnished by different plain papers, this instance may be noted: A room papered with tan oatmeal paper had a reasonably agreeable effect, but the pictures and other objects on the wall, though well and wisely hung, in some cases seemed to lack definition. The oatmeal paper literally swallowed them up. The tan oatmeal was later removed from this room and putty-colored paper hung instead, with the result that the pictures and other wall adornments were enhanced tenfold in effectiveness. The putty-colored paper was a better foil, threw what was placed against it into relief, and yet gave a richness and support that tied things together.

Of the three primary colors, from which all others are derived, red and yellow are "warm" or "advancing," while blue is styled "cool" or "receding." On the walls of a room the advancing colors, or colors in whose composition they predominate, have a tendency to "come at you," so to speak, and they also contract the apparent size of a room. On the other hand, the "cool" or "receding" colors, in which the blue element predominates, do not come at

you and they increase the apparent size of the room. This quality is shared also by grays in which there is little or virtually no blue.

It is not necessary for a color to be obvi ously blue to possess cool or receding qualities, nor obviously red or yellow to be advancing. It is a matter of proportion and combination.

In calculating upon the exposure or source of light in rooms, the composition of the colors in the paper must be kept in mind. This rule applies to both plain and figured papers, in the latter of which the prevailing tone must be considered. A north light will generally need a warmer color than will other exposures. Another thing to remember is that a mass of plair paper is apt to look deeper in tone than a sample. If possible, therefore, get a large piece to hang up and verify your judgment before having the wall papered. This experimenting ought to be done with all papers, for those which ought to look well, according to theory, are sometimes disap pointing because element in the room's light or dimension has been overlooked in making preparatory calculations. Plain paper will generally be suitable in halls, dining rooms, libraries, living rooms and parlors, but no hard and fast rule can be formulated nor is one desirable. character of the room and personal taste must be the determining factors.

some

The

Nearest the plain paper in effect is the paper with self-toned stripe or figure or the paper with an obvious texture, such as grasscloth or cambric. Then come the papers with small "powder" design or a “repeat" figure. These are less severe and will naturally go in an informal room.

Many figured papers may properly go in the background class, but the wall must keep its flat surface and the design must be flat, not realistic nor pictorial, "with perspective and its different planes to destroy flatness and weaken the solid effect." Decorative patterns must be conventionalized. To illustrate, a design with conventionalized, unshaded roses would be flat; a design with naturalistic, shaded roses and attempts at perspective would not. Even with flat designs, a paper with a "busy," flowing pattern or large figures is too ag gressive to make a good background.

When the wall is to be a decoration. keep pictures and other ornament off it. The available possibilities in this field include the many excellent modern reproduc tion of interesting old French papers with classic cartoons, used continuously, or else as panels with plain paper between; the pictorial and landscape papers, the Chinese patterns; the old English printed linen