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own, of the value of thirty-five dollars or more, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one year and not more than ten years, and if the value of the property be less than thirty-five dollars, by a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.

Sec. 849. STEALING OR INJURING BOOKS, AND SO FORTH.-Any person who shall steal, wrongfully deface, injure, mutilate, tear, or destroy any book, pamphlet, or manuscript, or any portion thereof belonging to the Library of Congress, or to any public library in the District of Columbia, whether the property of the United States or of the District of Columbia or of any individual or corporation in said District, or who shall steal, wrongfully deface, injure, mutilate, tear, or destroy any book, pamphlet, document, manuscript, print, engraving, medal, newspaper, or work of art, the property of the United States, shall be held guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall, when the offense is not otherwise punishable by some statute of the United States, be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, and by imprisonment for not less than one month nor more than one year, or both, for every such offense.

Sec. 850. If any person shall maliciously cut down, demolish, or otherwise injure any railing, fence, or inclosure around or upon any cemetery, or shall injure or deface any tomb or inscription thereon, he shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.

Sec. 851. FORCIBLE ENTRY AND DETAINER.-Whoever shall forcibly enter upon any premises, or, having entered without force, shall unlawfully detain the same by force against any person previously in the peaceable possession of the same and claiming right thereto, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or both.

Subchapter III.-OFFENSES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE.

Sec. 852. CHALLENGING TO FIGHT A DUEL. -If any person shall in the District challenge another to fight a duel, or send or deliver any written or verbal message purporting or intended to be such challenge, or shall accept any such challenge or message, or shall knowingly carry or deliver an acceptance of such challenge or message to fight a duel in or out of the District, he shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years.

Sec. 853. ASSAULTING FOR REFUSAL.--If any person shall assault, beat, or wound, or cause to be assaulted, beaten, or wounded, any person in the District for refusing to accept such challenge, or cause him to be published or posted as a coward, or use other opprobrious language in such publication tending to degrade and disgrace him for so declining or refusing such challenge, he shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years.

Sec. 854. LEAVING THE DISTRICT TO FIGHT.-If any person, for the purpose of evading the provisions aforesaid, shall leave the District, by previous arrangement or concert within the same, with intent to give or receive any such challenge without the District, and shall give or receive the same accordingly, the person or persons so offending shall be punished in the same manner as if said challenge had been given and received within the District.

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Sec. 855. CARRYING WEAPONS. Any person who shall within the District of Columbia have concealed about his person any deadly or dangerous weapon, or who shall carry openly any such weapon, with intent to unlawfully use the same, shall be fined not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned not exceeding one year, or both: Provided, That the officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates of the United States Army, Navy, or Marine Corps, or of any regularly organized militia company, police officers, officers guarding prisoners, officials of the United States or the District of Columbia engaged in the execution of the laws for the protection of persons or property, when any of such persons are on duty, shall not be liable for carrying necessary arms for use in performance of their duty: Provided further, That nothing contained in this section shall be so construed as to prevent any person from keeping or carrying about his place of business, dwelling house, or premises any such dangerous or deadly weapon, or from carrying the same from place of purchase to his dwelling house or place of business, or from his dwelling house or place of business to any place where repairing is done to have the same repaired and back again: Provided further, That nothing contained in this section shall be so construed as to apply to any person who shall have been granted a written permit to carry such weapon or weapons by any judge of the police court of the District of Columbia; and authority is hereby given to any such judge to grant such permit for a period of not more than one month at any one time, upon satisfactory proof to him of the necessity for the granting thereof, and, further, upon the filing with such judge of a bond, with sureties to be approved by said judge, by the applicant for such permit, conditioned to the United States in such penal sum as said judge shall require for the keeping of the peace, save in the case of necessary self-defense by such applicant during the continuance of said permit, which bond shall be put in suit by the United States for its benefit upon any breach of such condition.

Sec. 856. All such weapons, as hereinbefore described, which may be taken from any person offending against any of the provisions of the last preceding section shall, upon conviction of such person, be disposed of as may be ordered by the judge trying the case, and the record shall show any and all such orders relating thereto as a part of the judgment in the case.

Sec. 857. SELLING, AND SO FORTH, TO MINORS. Any person or persons who shall, within the District of Columbia, sell, barter, hire, lend, or give to any minor under the age of twenty-one years any such weapon as herein before described shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than one hundred dollars or be imprisoned not more than three months, or both. No person shall engage in or conduct the business of selling, bartering, hiring, lending, or giving any weapon or weapons of the kind hereinbefore named without having previously obtained from the Commissioners of the District of Columbia a special license authorizing the conduct of such business by such person, and the said Commissioners are hereby authorized to grant such license, without fee therefor, upon the filing with them by the applicant therefor of a bond, with sureties to be by them approved, conditioned in such penal sum as they shall fix, to the United States, for the compliance by said

applicant with all the provisions of this section, and upon any breach or breaches of said condition said bond shall be put in suit by said United States for its benefit, and said Commissioners may revoke said license. Any person engaging in said business without having previously obtained said special license shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, of which one-half shall be paid to the informer, if any, whose information shall lead to the conviction of the person paying said fine; and in default of payment of said fine shall be imprisoned for not more than six months. All persons whose business is to sell, barter, hire, lend, or give any such weapon or weapons shall be, and they hereby are, required to keep a written register of the name and residence of every purchaser. barterer, hirer, borrower, or donee of any such weapon or weapons, together with a full description of such weapon, which register shall be subject to the inspection of the major and superintendent of the Metropolitan police of the District of Columbia; and, further, to make a report, under oath, on or before the first Tuesday of each and every month, to said major and superintendent of all such sales, barterings, hirings, lendings, or gifts, together with the respective names and residences of the person buying or receiving such weapon. Any person failing to keep such register or to make such reports shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars and the Commissioners may revoke his license.

Subchapter IV.-OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE.

Sec. 858. PERJURY.-Every person who, having taken an oath or affirmation before a competent tribunal, officer, or person, in any case in which the law authorized such oath or affirmation to be administered, that he will testify, declare, depose, or certify truly, or that any written testimony, declaration, deposition, or certificate by him subscribed is true, willfully and contrary to such oath or affirmation states or subscribes any material matter which he does not believe to be true, shall be guilty of perjury; and any person convicted of perjury or subornation of perjury shall be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary for not less than two nor more than ten years. Any such false testimony, declaration, deposition, or certificate given in the District of Columbia, but intended to be used in a judicial proceeding elsewhere, shall also be perjury within the meaning of this section.

Sec. 859. FALSE PERSONATION.-Whoever falsely personates another person before any court of record or judge thereof, or clerk of court, or justice of the peace, or any officer in the District authorized to administer oaths or take the acknowledgment of deeds or other instruments or to grant marriage licenses, with intent to defraud, shall be imprisoned for not less than one year nor more than five years.

Sec. 860. Whoever falsely represents himself to be a justice of the peace, notary public, police officer, constable, or other public officer, or a minister qualified to celebrate marriage, and attempts to perform the duty or exercise the authority pertaining to any such office or character, or having been duly appointed to any of such offices shall knowingly attempt to act as any of such officers after his appointment or commission has expired or he has been dismissed from such office,

shall suffer imprisonment in the penitentiary for not less than one year nor more than three years.

Sec. 861. BRIBERY.-Whoever promises, offers, or gives, or causes or procures to be promised, offered, or given, any money or other thing of value, or makes or tenders any contract, undertaking, obligation, credit, or security for the payment of money, or for the delivery or conveyance of anything of value, to any executive, judicial, or other officer, or to any person acting in any official function, or to any juror or witness, with intent to influence the decision, action, verdict, or evidence of any such person on any question, matter, cause, or proceeding or with intent to influence him to commit or aid in committing, or to collude in or allow any fraud, or make any opportunity for the commission of any fraud, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

Sec. 862. THREATS.-Whoever corruptly, by threats or force, endeavors to influence, intimidate, or impede any juror, witness, or officer in any court in the District in the discharge of his duties, or, by threats or force, in any other way obstructs or impedes or endeavors to obstruct or impede the due administration of justice therein, shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

Subchapter V.-OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC POLICY.

Sec. 863. LOTTERIES.-If any person shall within the District keep, set up, or promote, or be concerned as owner, agent, or clerk, or in any other manner, in managing any policy lottery or policy shop, or shall sell or transfer any ticket, certificate, bill, token, or other device purporting or intended to guarantee or assure to any person or entitle him to a chance of drawing or obtaining a prize, to be drawn in any lottery, or in the game or device commonly known as policy lottery or policy, or shall, for himself or another person, sell or transfer, or have in his possession for the purpose of sale or transfer, or shall aid in selling, exchanging, negotiating, or transferring a chance or ticket in or share of a ticket in any policy lottery or any such bill, certificate, token, or other device, he shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars or be imprisoned not more than [one year] three years, or both.

Sec. 864. If any person shall knowingly permit, on any premises under his control in the District, the sale of any chance or ticket in or share of a ticket in any lottery or policy lottery, or shall knowingly permit any lottery or policy lottery or policy shop on such premises, he shall be fined not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

Sec. 865. GAMING.-Whoever shall in the District set up or keep any gaming table, or any house, vessel, or place, on land or water, for the purpose of gaming, or gambling device commonly called A BC, faro bank, E O, roulette, equality, keno, thimble, or little joker, or any kind of gaming table or gambling device adapted, devised, and designed for the purpose of playing any game of chance for money or property, or shall induce, entice, and permit any person to bet or play at or upon any such gaming table or gambling device, or on the side of or against the keeper thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not more than five years.

Sec. 866. Whoever in the District knowingly permits any gaming table, bank, or device to be set up or used for the purpose of gaming in any house, building, vessel, shed, booth, shelter, lot, or other premises to him belonging or by him occupied, or of which at the time he has possession or control, shall be punished by imprisonment in the jail for not more than one year or by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or both.

Sec. 867. THREE-CARD MONTE, AND SO FORTH.-Whoever shall in the District deal, play, or practice, or be in any manner accessory to the dealing or practicing, of the confidence game or swindle known as three-card monte, or of any such game, play, or practice, or any other confidence game, play, or practice, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars and by imprisonment for not more than five years.

Sec. 868. WHAT IS GAMING TABLE. All games, devices, or contrivances at which money or any other thing shall be bet or wagered shall be deemed a gaming table within the meaning of these sections; and the courts shall construe the preceding sections liberally, so as to prevent the mischief intended to be guarded against.

Sec. 869. POOL SELLING, AND SO FORTH. It shall be unlawful for any person or association of persons in the cities of Washington and Georgetown, in the District of Columbia, or within said District within one mile of the boundaries of said cities, to bet, gamble, or make books or pools on the result of any trotting race or running race of horses, or boat race, or race of any kind, or on any election or any contest of any kind, or game of base ball. Any person or association of persons violating the provisions of this section shall be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars or be imprisoned not more than ninety days, or both.

Subchapter VI.-OFFENSES AGAINST MORALITY.

Sec. 870. BIGAMY.-Whoever, having a husband or wife living, marries another shall be deemed guilty of bigamy, and on conviction thereof shall suffer imprisonment for not less than two nor more than seven years: Provided, That this section shall not apply to any person whose husband or wife has been continually absent for five successive years next before such marriage without being known to such person to be living within that time, or whose marriage to said living husband or wife shall have been dissolved by a valid decree of a competent court, or shall have been pronounced void by a valid decree of a competent court on the ground of the nullity of the marriage contract.

Sec. 871. SEDUCTION BY TEACHER.-Any male person, over twentyone years of age, who is superintendent, tutor, or teacher in any public or private school, seminary, or other institution, or instructor of any female in any branch of instruction, who has sexual intercourse with any female under twenty-one years of age and not under sixteen years of age, with her consent, while under his instruction during the term of his engagement as superintendent, tutor, or teacher, shall be impris oned for not less than one year nor more than ten.

Sec. 872. INDECENT PUBLICATIONS. Whoever sells, or offers to sell, or give away, in the District, or has in his possession with intent to sell or give away or to exhibit to another, any obscene, lewd, or inde

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