ing fees of patents alone was sufficient to pay not only for the cost of printing the patents but also for printing the trade-marks, the design patents, and the Official Gazette (the latter costing $139,360) and still leave a surplus.

As hereinbefore stated, each of the 38,963 patentees was compelled to pay a printing fee of $20, and as the Government Printing Office charge for printing his patent was only $11.77, there was a profit of $8,23 per patent. This $11.77, in addition to paying for the cost of printing the patent for the patentee, also pays for printing 102 copies for the Patent Office, 2 copies of which are for official use and the other 100 kept for sale or exchange. Thus, if we have 49,691 patents granted during the fiscal year 1926, at a profit of $8.23 each, there will be a gross profit of $411,179.03 cash and what is practically a gift from the inventors of 5,096,022 printed copies of patents which come to the office without cost.

The increase of the estimate over the appropriation for the current fiscal year is due to two principal causes: (1) The normal increase in the number of patents granted, and (2) the expected increase due to the appointment of 100 new temporary examiners provided in the appropriation act for the current fiscal year.

In explanation of these statements, it may be observed that the current appropriation act authorizes an increase in the corps of mechanical examiners by 21 per cent. This increase has already been reflected in increased production, since the number of patents granted is independent of the number of applications received, and the office has now (October 31, 1924) 57,215 applications on hand. awaiting action. Also, it should be noted that the number of patents granted and, consequently, the number of patents to be printed will be increased because of a 0.058 per cent normal increase in production, which is not attributable to the work of the new assistant examiners, and a 10 per cent increase in the cost of printing. Due to all of the causes above mentioned, it is estimated that 49,691 patents will be granted during the fiscal year 1926 as contrasted with 39,189 granted during the fiscal year 1924.

The normal increase in the number of trade-marks registered is 0.191 per cent, and the Gazette, manifestly, will increase in size with the increased number of patents granted and trade-marks registered. This percentage increase was estimated at 20 per cent and the increase in the cost of printing was estimated at 10 per cent.

Attention is also invited to the fact that our estimate for 1926 does not include an item of $60,000 which was charged to the appropriation for the fiscal year 1925 and which should have been charged, if money had been available, to the appropriation for the fiscal year 1924. This matter was brought to the attention of the Budget and it was suggested that a deficiency appropriation be submitted this year to take care of all of our printing bills, so that the amount included in our present estimate for the fiscal year 1926 would in all probability be adequate for the purpose and in order that it would be unnecessary to include in the estimate for the fiscal year 1926 anticipated deficits for the fiscal year 1925.

Patent Office miscellaneous printing and binding.

$70,000

The following is submitted in justification of this item: Appropriation for the fiscal year 1925_

$70,000

Estimate, fiscal year 1926___

70,000

This appropriation is to cover the entire cost of binding and printing all of the annual reports, circulars, forms, etc., of the Patent Office.

This office requires yearly approximately $22,500 for miscellaneous printing alone and ordinarily about $7,500 for the usual binding requirements, making a total of $30,000. However, the office now has on hand a sufficient number of original foreign patents to make up 7,374 volumes, which would cost at a conservative estimate $115,077 to bind, and this estimate does not include 150 volumes per year of United States patents which are bound each month. In this connection, attention is invited to Exhibit A herewith.

It is necessary to bind these references, the large number of unbound copies now on hand being the result of shipments since the war. These volumes are kept in the scientific library for consultation by inventors, manufacturers, and patent attorneys, and they comprise the only complete record in this country of the "state of the art," i. e., a record of the advances in machinery, chemistry, and other industrial developments. Volumes of this kind are used constantly and to a large extent. They are highly utilitarian in character, and without them it would be necessary for manufacturers and others to send abroad for the vital information which they contain.

The situation with respect to these references was brought to the attention of the committee last year, at which time we asked for $119,255, which included the usual $30,000 for miscellaneous printing and binding. However, only $70,000 ($40,000 being for binding foreign patents during the fiscal year) was authorized. We are now asking that the appropriation be repeated in order that the binding program which was begun last year may not be interrupted.

NOTE. This is more of a computation than an estimate, since the number of volumes is certain and the cost per volume was furnished by the Government Printing Office.

Mr. CRAMTON. How are you going to get along on that this year? Mr. ROBERTSON. There is going to be a deficiency on that.

Mr. CRAMTON. How much?

Mr. ROBERTSON. It is impossible to forecast. The chief clerk thinks that this deficiency will be about $129,000.

Mr. CRAMTON. And in 1926 you feel positive you will require as much as $850,000?

Mr. ROBERTSON. We have made the estimate just as carefully as it is possible to forecast it. That is made up on the two considerations that we have to take in view, the amount of normal increase, plus the amount of special increase due to the special employees your committee has given us, and we have had to add to that a 10 per cent increase in the cost of printing at the Printing Office. We are afraid that for our work the increase will be more than 10 per cent, but we have only added the 10 per cent.

Mr. CRAMTON. I guess that is all, Doctor.

HOWARD UNIVERSITY

(See p. 293)

STATEMENT OF DR. J. STANLEY DURKEE, PRESIDENT, AND DR. EMMETT J. SCOTT, SECRETARY-TREASURER, HOWARD UNIVERSITY

GENERAL STATEMENT.

Mr. CRAMTON. We will now take up the estimates for Howard University.

Doctor DURKEE. Howard University, an institution for the training of colored youth in the arts, sciences, and professions, was conceived in the heart of Gen. O. O. Howard and because of his vision, was brought to life-beginning its career November 20, 1866. Without one penny of money, but together with others who shared his vision, 150 acres of land were purchased on what was then the outskirts of Washington and there was established a school for the freedmen who were crowding into Washington, following the war.

The school was for the mental and religious instruction of the youth and also for the physical instruction. A chair of hygiene was established and it is interesting to note that Dr. Samuel Loomas, who occupied that chair in the first school, was chosen to be the first dean of the medical school which later was established.

On March 2, 1867, the act of incorporation was passed by the Senate and House of Representatives, giving the name of "the Howard University." For a number of years the school struggled on, selling off portions of the 150 acres of land it had accumulated on mortgage and using that money together with the rather meagre amounts that came in from public philanthropy. In 1882, the Federal Government, recognizing its obligation in aiding to train its colored citizens, began to appropriate a small amount for the maintenance of the school. From that date to the present the Federal Government has continued in the partial support of the school.

From such a meagre beginning the university has grown until it to-day has a school of law, school of medicine, including that of dental and pharmacy; school of religion; school of music; school of applied science, including civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering-domestic art and domestic science and architecture; school of education; school of liberal arts; school of commerce and finance; school of public health and hygiene. A total enrollment of all the

schools, including the extension department of the school of religion, approximates twenty-four hundred as at the opening of the college in September 1924. Not one penny of Government money has ever gone to the aid of the very small school of religion. Students come from 38 States and 10 foreign countries. The following chart will show the wide distribution of the students.

Geographical examination of students in college, autumn quarter, 1923-24

We are also conducting evening classes which are but an extension of the day classes. These evening classes accommodate schoolteachers of the city, Government employees, and those who have no opportunity to take the work in the daytime. Such classes have proved their worth by the splendid enrollment and most excellent work done by the students. The present enrollment is 154.

Howard University has been accepted as class A by the rating board of the Association of Colleges and High Schools of the Middle States and Maryland. The univresity is, therefore, on a par with the leading colleges and universities in America. Graduates from

the liberal arts department at Howard go at once into the graduate schools of other great universities in America and Europe.

As it is the only university for the training of the colored youth of America in the highest branches, it is overcrowded with students. Scores of aspiring medical students so sadly needed by the race itself are turned away from the medical school every year because of the pitiful lack of accommodation and equipment.

The university is coeducational. Approximately 550 women attend the various departments. The university is equipped to accommodate in its dormitory but 150 women, which leaves 400 young women unprotected and, to a large extent, uncontrolled in the city of Washington. Most of these young women are unprepared for the freedom of city life. We have plead so earnestly for a building and equipment for the school of medicine. That plea is enhanced by the condition of this year.

I have stressed the pitiful needs of this university as a whole, asking for a fair support in the light of what the Nation is doing for its white schools.

The following list of white schools with amounts of money drawn from the Federal Government through the Department of the Interior shows a startling situation:

South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts..

132, 140