Differentiation and Articulation in Tertiary Education Systems: A Study of Twelve African CountriesWorld Bank Publications, 2008. gada 1. janv. - 170 lappuses This title explores an area of tertiary education that is currently understudied; this is the extent and nature of differentiation and articulation in African tertiary education systems. The overall finding is that the binary system is dominant, characterised by universities and polytechnics as distinct types of institutions. Differentiation is clearly evident in Africa. However, though varied in nature and extent, the differentiation is mostly horizontal as opposed to vertical. Articulation, on the other hand, seems to be in its infancy as some universities, in their admission requirements, d. |
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academic drift accreditation admission African higher education African universities award binary divide binary system Bologna process Cameroon certificate Council country’s courses credit transfer degree programs demand differentiation and articulation diversity economic educa established funding Ghana graduates gross enrollment ratio higher education institutions higher education sector higher education system Higher National Diploma horizontal differentiation industry insti institutional and program institutional types International isomorphism Kenya Lulat Malawi Ministry of Education mobility Mozambique national polytechnics National qualifications framework National University Nigeria non-university institutions Number offer percent polytechnics and professional population post-secondary colleges Number Private polytechnics private universities professional institutes program differentiation Public polytechnics public universities regional Rwanda Senegal skills South Africa strategic sub-sector Tanzania teachers teaching technikons tertiary education tertiary education system tertiary institutions tion types of institutions Uganda universities and polytechnics university and non-university University of Nairobi versities vocational drift World Bank Zambia
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153. lappuse - ... of its research and teaching activities; • as a larger proportion of the population expresses an interest in participating in higher education, inevitably, higher education also becomes more of a political issue; • due to an ageing population, the social service burden on the national treasury is rising dramatically, which is coupled with pressures to cut government expenditure and to demand greater efficiencies from public sector institutions...
19. lappuse - Students of the University of Ghana and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology also participated in the workcamps.
172. lappuse - ... publishers in using fiber that is not sourced from Endangered Forests. For more information, visit www.greenpressinitiative.org. In 2007, the printing of these books on recycled paper saved the following: g green press INITIATIVE Trees* Solid Waste Water Net Greenhouse Gases Total Energy 264 12,419 96,126 23,289 184 mil. '40...
158. lappuse - This process is also driven by the liberalization of educational markets through initiatives of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), in particular the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). In the GATS negotiations, there is an agreement to classify primary and secondary education as public consumption goods, with predominantly public rather than individual benefits.
163. lappuse - The most effective approach is an institutional diversification strategy whereby the social demand for higher education is managed through the development of a variety of lower cost alternative institutions differentiated in terms of missions, function and modes of delivery. This is...
151. lappuse - Kaiser (2001 ), Fixed and Fuzzy Boundaries in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of (Binary) Structures in Nine Countries, Adviesrad voor het Wetenschaps-en Technologiebelid, The Hague, lanuary.
156. lappuse - Differentiation by function in the United States meant wide variation in admissions and degree standards, the purpose of which was to provide different educational experiences and life chances for different populations. Differentiation by mission also inevitably produced a ranking system or pecking order of institutions, contending in the marketplace for brand name recognition. A historian might conclude that such an outcome was deliberate and virtually designed.
162. lappuse - Revival and Renewal: Reflections on the Creation of a System of Tertiary Education in Ghana, AFTHR Technical Note No. 10, Human Resources and Poverty Division, African Region, World Bank, Washington, DC (August 1993). Toye, J., "Structural Adjustment, Labor Management and Employment Policy
154. lappuse - But in terms of extremes, there are two possible institutional responses to increased market competition: institutions can diversify in an attempt to capture a specific market niche, or they can imitate the activities of their successful competitors.
157. lappuse - At the opposite end of the spectrum are universities that are "peripheral" in the sense that the copy developments from abroad, produce little that is original, and are generally not at the frontiers of knowledge. The central institutions are research-oriented, prestigious, and part of an international knowledge system. Their libraries are large and their laboratories well equipped. The central institutions have access to the bulk of research funds, produce a high proportion of the doctoral level...